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7-^

HISTORICAL GUIDE TO THE
CITY OF NEW YORK

THIS EMINENCE COMMANDING
McGOWN'S PASS
WAS OCCUPIED BY BRITISH TROOPS SEPT. 15. 1776
AND EVACUATED NOVEMBER 21, 1783
HERE. BEGINNING AUG. 18, 1814. THE CITIZENS OP NEW YC
BUILT FORT CLINTON TO PROTECT THE CITY
IN THE SECOND WAR ^ ^HgT S^ WITH GREAT BRITA
THIS TABLET IS ERECTED A^T^^^^-A BY THE CHILDREN
CITY HISTORY CLUB \^^^^^ J OF NEW YORK. A. D

Prepared with the co-operation of and endorsed by
The American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society

OFFICERS :

Honorary President . . . J. Pierpont Morgan

President ..... Dr. George F. Kunz

Vice-Presidents
Colonel Henry W. Sackett Frederick Devoe

Honorable Charles S. Francis Dr. Henry M. Leipziger

Treasurer . . . . . N. Taylor Phillips

Secretary . . . .Dr. Edward Hagaman Hall

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Copyright, 1909, by the City History Club of New York.
The Excursions are copyrighted separately, the notice and date of each being
given on the first page of each one.

The copyright extends to all plates and cuts.

September, J 009

DEDICATED BY

THE CITY HISTORY CLUB

(by pek mission)

<gf ttrroi iJtrmart C W^^dforti

of the Hudson-Fulton Celebration Commission)
Jurijit, Soldier, Statesman and Diplomat^
A Lover of History, and
A Loyal American.

HISTORIC TRACES COMMITTEE

THE CITY HISTORY CLUB OF NEW YORK:

Editors of the Historical Guide
Reginald Pelham Bolton. Edward Hagaman Hall

Associate Editors

Randall Comfort Hopper Striker Mott.

Francis W. Halsey. George W. Nash.

Elsie Hilu August R. Oh man.

Charles R. Lamb. Albert Ulmann.

Frank Bergen Kelley, Chairman.

Corresponding Members
Thomas J. Burton. James H. Lnnes

Thanks are due for special aid in securing information and fo:
use of material to: Frank Warren Crane, William T. Davis, h
Russell Drowne, Charles Hemstreet, Thomas A. Janvier, In
Morris, Josiah C. Pumpelly, Frederick Van Wyck and many <
students of local history.

Cartographers: August R. Ohman, Reginald Pelham Boi

Draughtsmen: Morris W. Ehrlich, Charles Kandel.

For permission to copy maps, thanks are due to : L^dward
man Hall, James H. Innes, A. Meserole, Harper Eros., W. W
sell, G. P. Putnam's Sons, Chas. Scribner's Sons and Henry T
Tyler.

Official Photographer: Frank F. F.vans.
Photographs have been contributed by Randall Comf
•ng Jones and George W. Nash. Other illustrations ha
ourtesy of the Century History Company, G. P. P
B Long Island Historical Society.

PREFACE

The Historical Guide to New York is the result of prolonged ef-
forts on the part of the City History Club of New York to discover
and to direct attention to the yet visible traces of earlier times which
lie hidden within and are fast disappearing from the city of to-day.

When the society was founded in 1896 to promote good citizenship
through the study of history and civics and by the establishment of
self-governing clubs, the need was felt for a systematic survey of and
guide to the history of New York City in a simple and convenient
form. In order to meet this necessity the Club first published, un-
der the direction of a number of well-known writers, The Half
Moon Papers, a series of monographs which were afterward incor-
porated in two volumes entitled Historic New York. During the
past thirteen years, twelve Excursion Leaflets have been prepared,
designed to provide, at the lowest possible price, a brief but carefully
verified historical description of every part of the city, compiled as
far as possible from original sources. These pamphlets have been
extensively utilized by members of the junior clubs, some of whom
have by their use become competent as trained, and in a few cases, pro-
fessional guides; by the children of the public and private schools of
the five boroughs; and by many other persons who believe, as does
the writer, that familiarity with the history of one's own city leading
to a knowledge and love of the city itself is the foundation of true
civic patriotism. The information thus gathered is now presented in
complete form, thoroughly revised and illustrated by maps and photo-
graphs.

On behalf of the City History Club and on my own part, I thank
the many faithful friends of the organization who have contributed
of their time and knowledge to the compilation of this work. Some
of their names may be found recorded on another page, but the full
measure of skill and devotion which they have so generously expended
can never be recorded.

It is the sincere hope of the founder of the City History Club that
this book may prove of real service to all those who desire to know
the city better and to work more effectively for its future good.

Catharine A. B. Abbe.

Brook End, Bar Harbor, July 5th, 1909.

GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY

*' History of the City of New York," by Martha J. Lamb.

"History of the City of New York," by Mrs. Burton Harrison
(completing Lamb's History to 1896).

" The Memorial History of the City of New York," edited by
James Grant Wilson.

''Leslie's History of New York," edited by Dr. Van Pelt.

" New York," (Historic Towns Series) by Theodore Roosevelt.

" Story of the City of New York," (Great Cities of the Republic
Series) by Charles Burr Todd.

" A Brief History of the City of New York," by Charles Burr Todd.

For a brief classified bibliography, see Ulmann's "Landmark His-
tory of New York.'*

For an exhaustive bibliography, see Bulletin 24 (35 cents) issued
by the State Department at Albany.

Sec also bibliographies at the beginning of each Excursion.

THE SEAL OF NEW YORK CITY IN 1787.

LEGEND (unabbreviated) " Sigillum Civitatis Novi Eboraci: " Seal
of the City of New York; Eboraci being the genitive case of the
old Roman name for York.

SHIELD: Argent, charged with the four sails of a windmill proper;
between their outer ends, two beavers proper, one in chief and
one in base, and two flour-barrels proper, in fess, one on each side.

CREST: A bald eagle proper, rising from a demi-terrestrial globe.
The beaver is an emblem of the fur trade, so important in Dutch
days; the sails and barrels represent the bolting industry, a
monopoly of which was granted New York merchants by the
Bolting Act of 1678.

SUPPORTERS (not heraldically part of the city arms and variously
represented to-day) : dexter (right) side of shield, a sailor in
dress and cap of 1700 holding in his right hand a ship's sounding-
line; on the sinister (left) side, an Indian chief with a stringed
bow.

The sailor is said to be in honor of James who was not only
Proprietor of New York but also Lord High Admiral of England;
the Indian represented the inhabitants and possessors of his
Province in America.

— From a Report of the Saint Nicholas Society.

The Seal of the City History Club of New York %Vvci>«i "Ocv^ \ieo.'oex
which was an emblem common to l\\c T3v\\.c\v, '^xv^\'=>cv -axx^ xs^5c»e^^"^^x
seals of New York City.

EXPLANATORY

EXCURSIONS; the original twelve itineraries still issued as sepa-
rate leaflets and numbered in the order of their issue. These are
now arranged in order of topography, beginning with lower Manhat-
tan.

ROUTES: the Excursions have been divided into Sections, each of
which covers sufficient territory for an itinerary of about two hours.
Prefixed to the Section numbers are Route numbers (running con-
secutively from I to 60) which are also placed at the head of each
pajj^e (abbreviation R).

TYPE. Bold faced type is used for landmarks, tablets or other
memorials in existence at the time of publication (1909).

Italics indicate directions in routes; historic sites.

Small type indicates general historical accounts, descriptions of historic build-
iuKs which have no visible trace or memorial. Small Capitals in such
ty])e indicate some place of importance represented by a name or memorial.

Kiev MAPS show the approximate location of the various Routes,
the numbers thereon corresponding to Route numbers.

PLATh'S: with but four exceptions the maps and diagrams have
been specially prepared or redrawn for this Guide Book.

The ILLrSTRATlONS in the text are from the set published by
the City History Club; the full page inserts, with one exception, are
from orijjinal photographs taken for the Guide Book.

XOTMS: blank pages for original notes are placed at the end of
each Kxonrsion. as changes in New York City are so rapid» the old
givinvr place to the new, that accounts of landmarks must be con-
stantly amended.

CONTENTS

PAGE

Preface vii

General Bibliography viii

The Seal of New York City in 1787 . . ix

Explanatory x

PART ONE— MANHATTAN i

New York's Development 3

Route I. Bowling Green (Excursion VII) . ... 11

Route 2. Trinity Church and Wall Street 23

Route 3. Pearl and Broad Streets . ...... 30

Route 4. The Battery and Governor's Island .... ^^

Fraunces Tavern (Excursion VI) 39

Route 5. City Hall Park and Vicinity (Excursion I) . 49

Route 6. St. Paul's to Wall Street 58

Route 7. Wall Street to Franklin Square 61

Route 8. Greenwich Village (Excursion II) .... 69

Route 9. Lispenard's Meadows 77

Route ID. Washington Square and Vicinity .... 80

Route II. Bowery Village (Excursion III) 85

Route 12. The Bowery, Chatham Square and Collect Pond 95

Route 13. Corlaer's Hook and Grand Street to Broadway 99

Route 14. Union Square to Gramercy Park (Excursion V) 103

Route 15. Madison Square and Vicinity iil

Route r6. Love Lane and Chelsea Village 115

Route 17. Murray Hill to Central Park 117

Route 18. Bloomingdale . . . .• 121

Route 19. Morningside Heights and Manhattanville . . 125

Battle of Harlem Heights 128

Side Trip to Fort Lee 131

Route 20. Kip's Bay to Horn's Hook 133

The East River Islands v^^

Route 21. Northern Central Park CExcuYsxo-ft. W^ - - "-^

Route 22. Nieuw Haerlem • - * ' ^^t^^.

Route 23, Hamilton Grange lo T^oT\. O^^^^^ * ' ^

CONTENTS

PAGE

Washington's Headquarters (Morris or Jumel Mansion) . i^6

Koulc 24. Fort^ Washington 161

K(jute 25. Fort Washington Monument to Fort Washing-
ton Park • .... 165

Route 26. Fort Tryon 167

Route 27. Kingsbridge to Inwood 168

Route 28a. Colonial and Revolutionary Sites east of Broad-
way 170

Route 28b. West of Broadway to Qjld Spring . . 171

PART TWO— BOROUGH OF THE BRONX 175

Historical Sketch of the Bronx 179

Route 29. Kingsbridge to the City Line (R.vcursion IX) . 181
Route 29a. Two Hundred and Forty-second Street to

Yonkers 184

Route 29b. Western Bronx 185

Route 30. Central Bridge to University Heights ... 187

Route 30a. University Heights to Jerome Park Reservoir . 190

Route 30b. Willianisbridge and Wakefield 191

Route 31. Harlem River to Hunt's Point 195

Route 32. Western Morrisania, Fordham and Bronx Park 199

Route s^i. Throgg*s Neck 203

Route 33a. Westchester Village 205

Route 34. City Island and Pclham Bay Park .... 209

Route 34a. Eastern Morrisania, West Farms and Eastchester 212

PART THREE— BOROUGH OF BROOKLYN .... 219

Historical Sketch of Brooklyn (Excursion XII) . . . 225

Route 35a. Williamsburg 227

Route 35b. Grccnpoint ' 229

Route 35c. Bushwick 232

Route 36. Brooklyn Heights to Borough Hall (li.vcursion

Mil) 241

Route :i,y. Fulton Street, Fort Greene Park and the Navy

Yard 243

Kouto 38. Prospect Park 245

Konlr 30. Flatbush 247

Ivonlc 40. Flat lands 249

Konto 41. New Lots, h'ast New York and Canarsie . . 253

R.iuli' 42. Brooklyn Bridge to Fort Hamilton .... 257

h\)iitc 4j. New Utrecht 259

xii

CONTENTS

PAGE

Route 43a. Gravesend and Coney Island 261

Notes on Flatlands 263

PART FOUR— BOROUGH OF QUEENS 269

Historical Sketch of Queens (Excursion XI) 274

Route 44. Hunter's Point and Steinway to North Beach . 277

Route 45. Astoria to Steinway 281

Route 46. Maspeth and Laurel Hill 287

Route 46a. South on Flushing Avenue 289

Route 47. Hunter's Point and Woodside to Corona . . 291

Route 48. Corona to Coe's Mill 294

Route 49. Elmhurst (Newtown) 297

Route 50. Middle Village 295

Route 51. Flushing 304

Route 52. Jamaica 310

PART FIVE— BOROUGH OF RICHMOND ... . . .319

Historical Sketch of Staten Island {Excursion X) . . . 324

Route 53. St. George to Holland's Hook 327

Route 54. St. George to New Springville 333

Route 55. St. George to Arrochar 335

Route 56. New Dorp 339

Route 57. Elm Tree Light 342

Route 58. Richmond Village 343

Route 59. Greenridge and Great Kills 345

Route 59a. Rossville and Woodrow 347

Route 60. Tottenville 349

Route 60a. Princess Bay 350

PART SIX— SPECIAL ROUTES 355

A. Routes for Children 357

B. Water Routes 360

C Automobile Routes 363

. APPENDICES

A. The Milestones and the Old Post Road 371

Milestones in Bloom ingdale 374

B. Historical Monuments, Statues and Tablets .... yjy

C. Notable Historic Buildings 391

D. Museums, Collections and Libraries "S^'^^n

E. Historic Trees, Rocks and Otue.vi Owi^eT'j* . . • - ^^"V
Index

LIST OF DIAGRAMS AND MAPS

PAGE

I. Key Map, Borough of Manhattan 2

II. Duke's Map, 1661-5 to face 7

III. The Lyne-Bradford Map, 1728 , . . to face 7

IV. New Amsterdam, 1644 12

V. Routes i, 2, 3, 4 13

VI. Trinity Churchyard 24

VII. Governor's Island 34

VIII. Region of Fraunces Tavern, Showing Changes in

Water Line 40

IX. Holland Map, 1776 .50

X. City Hall Park 52

XL Routes 5, 6, 7 56

Xir. St. Paul's Churchyard 58

XIII. Part ofMontressor Map of 1775: Greenwich and

Environs 70

XIV. Routes 8 and id 74

XV. Anneke Jans Farm yy

XVI. Routes 8, 9 79

XVII. Portion of Ratzer Map, 1767 ........ 86

XVIII. BouwERiE Village 88

XIX. Route ii 90

XX. Routes 12, 13 96

XXI. Routes 14, 15, 16 104

XXII. Route 17 118

XXIII. Route 18 122

XXIV. Route 19, Battle of Harlem Hekihts .... 128
XXV. Route 20 132

XXVI. McGown's Pass and Vicinity, 1776 142

XXVII. Route 22, Nieuw Haerlem 148

XXVIII. Route 23 152

XXTX. Routes 23, 24, 25 160

XXX. Fort Wasiiinxton and its Related Fortifications 162

XXXI. Routes 23, 26, 28a 166

XXXJI. ViovTES 27, 2Sa, 28b 168

xiv

PAGE

XXXIII. Key Map to the Bronx 178

XXXIV. Routes 29, 29a, 29b 180

XXXV. Routes 30, 31, 32, 34a 186

XXXVI. Routes 30, 30a, 30b, 32 188

XXXVII. Routes 30b, 34a 192

XXXVIII. Routes 31, 33, 34a . 194

XXXIX. Routes 32, 34a 200

XL. Routes 33, 33a 206

XLI. Route 34 208

XLII. Key Map to Brooklyn and Queens . . . . . 220

XLI 1 1. Battle of Long Island 224

XLIV. Route 35 228

XLV. Greenpoint 230

XLVI. Route 35c 233

XLVII. Route 36 240

XLVIII. Route 37 . 244

XLIX. Routes 38, 39 246

L. Route 40 250

LI. Route 41 252

LII. Routes 42, 43 256

LIII. Route 43a 261

LIV. Old Tracts and Roads in Newtown .... 272

LV. Routes 44, 47 276

LVI. Route 45 282

LVII. Route 46 286

LVIII. Routes 47, 48, 50 290

LIX. Route 49 298

LX. Route 51 305

LXI. Route 52 310

LXII. Modern Jamaica . • 311

LXIII. Key Map to Richmond 322

LXIV. Route 53 326

LXV. Route 54 332

LXVI. Route 55 *. 336

LXVII. Routes 56, 57, 58 . . 340

LXVIII. Route 58 343

LXIX. Route 59 346

LXX. Routes 60, 6oa 348

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

McGowrfs Pass Tablet .

Manhattan, 1606; 1909 /^

The Fort in Kieft's Day

The Block House and City Gate

Broad Street Canal

The Purchase of Manhattan

Bowling Green and the Battery

Bowling Green and the Custom House, 1909 . .facing page

English City Hall and Trinity Church

The Stadt Huys, 1679 facing pag<r

The Clermont, 1907

Former Appearance of Fraunces Tavern

Fraunces Tavern, 1909; Washington's Farewell . facing page

Croton Water Procession, 1842

City Hall, 1909 facing page

Sappokanican

St. John's Chapel .
Minetta Street

95 Morton Street ... ^ facing page

Hudson near Watts Street.

Collect Pond

Hamilton Grange, 1804

Washington's Headquarters, 1909 facing page

Van Cortlandt Mansion facing page

St. Paul's Church, Eastchester ) .

Poe Cottage, Fordham . . f ^"""^ ^°^'

Fulton Ferry, 1746

Schenck House. Carnarsie Park ....

Van Nuyse-Magaw Homestead, Flatlands f fnr'n b

Van Wyck House, Flatlands (

Van Brunt House, New Lots . . . . ^

Van Wen^eer Mill Wheel .

Gerritscn Tide Mill, Flatlands / ^^^.^^ ^^^^ 250

Lott Smoke House, Flatlands C
Hand Made Shingles , , , ^

King Mansion, Jamaica ...

Moorse House, Elmhurst • • • / .... facing page 274

Bowne Homestead, Flushing . . f

Quaker Meeting House, Flushing /

Guyon-Clarke House, New Dorp . .

Lake-Tysen House, Karlcs Neck / .... facing page 324

Christopher House, Willow Broc; C

Moravian Church, New Dorp . /

Billopp House, Tottenville facing page 348

15 Milestone .

9 Milestone . . . . ^ ^^^.„^ ^^^^ 3^^

I Milestone ....

New Utrecht Milestone

PART ONE

MANHATTAN

Excursions VII, VI, I, II, III, V and IV.
Routes 1—28

Plate I. Key for Manhattan Routes. C. K.
Roman numerals refer to EXCURSIONS; araVxc Vo ^0\3t^^.

PART ONE: MANHATTAN.
NEW YORK'S DEVELOPMENT

AS SHOWJ^ BY THE

TRACES OF OLD ROADS AND STREETS.

By Albert Ulmann,

Author of ''A Landmark History of New York"

Tradition furnishes an account to the effect that the first habita-
! tions of white men on the Island of Manhattan consisted oE four
houses or huts erected in J613 on a site now known as 41 Broadway
where a bronze tablet commetnorates this interesting circumstance.
From this simple beginning the settlement grew until some thirty
cabins, clustered near the southern end of the island, constituted the
little town. Then a general conAa^ation took place and much damage
was done.

j Before this first of the great fires that have visited Manhattan, m
1626, the lines of a fort were laid out, occupying the site of the
present Custom House, the work being completed in 1633-5. I" these
days the shore line was less extended than at present so that the fort
easily commanded the entrance to both the Hudson and East RiverSj
I the water coming up to the line of the present State Street, Fort
' Amsterdam, as the work was called, built of earth and stone and hav-
ing four bastions, rose proudly above the group of small houses and
became the distinctive feature of New Amsterdam. In the earliest
views of the settlement, such as that of Joost Hartger ptiblished in
1651^ it stands forth as the dominating landmark of the little hamlet
that occupied the southerti end of the Island of Manhattati, The main
gate of the fort opened on the present Bowling Green, which from
the earliest days was maintained as an open space* It was, in fact,
the heart of the old Dutch town- It provided a playground for the
children, a site for the May- pole around which the youths and
maidens danced* a parade ground for the soldiers and a place for the
great market and the annual cattle show. Here, also, tl\<i^^ ^^<=r«i?-
meetings with the Indians were W\d ^'t ^\C\Oa. vxt-aiCxf^ ^^^''^ ^»^
ranged and tht pipe of peace was smoV^4. V^^t*-^'^'^^^*^^

]

W YORKS DEVELOPMENT

The first streets were laid oul in a haphazard manner and the town
grew np in a random fashion, the first settlers plaiiing their houses
according to the dictates of their fancy. Thus footpaths and cow-
paths gradually developed into thoroughfares and produced the tangle
of streets that characteri^^es lower New York to this day. Natiirally,
roadways leading to the fort assumed shape at an early date, two main
paths being established in this wise. One of these paths led to the
ferry connecting the town with Brooklynj the other passed north-
ward in a general way along the center of the island. The first of
these main roads was practically a shore path following the present
line of Stone and Pearl Streets and terminating at about the present
Peck Slip. The second fixed the line of lower Broadway, leading
northward from the fort as far as Park Row (Innes says via Ann
Street to Park Row), following this and the Bowery and passing on
finally into the wilderness. A third pathw*ay was established when
Ihe palisade was erected along the present line of Wall Street.

HUJCK-HOUSE AND ClTY G^.\^.
Bfpfoduted bx permission from Todd's ** "E^ie "^Ssyx^ &! \\^^ ^^1 ^'^ ^"^ ^^3^>«-

Broad Street, i66j.

Reprodticcd by permission from Todd's " Tlse Siory of the City of New York '
G, l\ Putnam's Song,,

Besides these primitive thoroughfares, two other thoroughfares were
laid out at an early date. Along the present Broad Street a canal
extended as far as Beaver Street where it narrowed to a ditch and
dratued a swamp that extended northw^ard to about Exchange Place.
On either side of tlie canal because, no doubt, of the pleasant sug-
gestions of similar scenes at home^ the early settlers erected dwellings
and a promenade was thus established. East and west of the Broad
Street canal there was a second ditch which in the course of time
became a pathway and is now known as Beaver Street.

The origin of Wall Street supplies another interesting chapter to
the story of New York's old thoroughfares. The wooden wall that
was erected along the line to which the name still clings was built in
1653 to protect the town against a threatened invasion of New Eng-
latiders, ** a lithe, slippery, aggressive race," whom the Dutch looked
upon half In fear and half in scorn. The invasion never took place,
ut the wall remained for nearly half a century and succeeded nobly-
keeping Ihe town from growing beyond its \iselesa barti^t*

Platk II; DtrxE's Mav, 1661-5

\ I'liiJl >,i^&*C i nv nl \ 1 w \^*uT fi ifcTst arg

■r^

Xfe ^

Pla t f* III: LvNE- B ft A li F O K D M A I\ J Vi^
FhotOftru^ked from N. L>. TyUr*$ RepradHCiwns

TME NEW YOU

PUBLIC LI BK. ■-,•:¥

ASTOH, LklNOX .\ ' • I ■
flLDBN F©UNDA'. N

NEW YORK'S DEVELOPMEl

In the meantime, the Indians inadvertently became the cause of an
important road development. In the early Dutch days several bouw-
cries or farms had been established northward of the town^ the most
distant belonging to Governor Slu^'vesant, located in the neighborhood
of Tenth Street and Second Avenite. In 1655. the Indians made a
number of attacks on the outlying settlers^ killing several farmers and
their wives. As a measure of protection against such atrocitic?^^ an
order was issued commanding all settlers to abandon isolated farms
and to concentrate in hamlets. This led to the formation of a little
colony in the neighborhood of Stnyvesant bouwcrle and to the devel-
opment of the road that connected it with the town, called in those
days the Bonwerie Lane and, subsequently ^ the Bowery. Three years
later the murder of a prominent settler who had purchased the flats
on which the Village of Haarlem was afterwards built, led to the
establishment of a hamlet in that neighborhood and to the extension
of the Bouwerie Lane outward to tlie northern end of the island.

An interesting representation of New Amsterdam's outlines and
main thoroughfares has fortunately been preserved in the form of a
map generally known as *' The Duke's Plan/* being a draft made in
1664 for the Duke of York upon the capture of the town by the Eng-
lish and showing how it looked in l66t ; the original of the map is in
tbe British Museum*

In course of time, new paths beyond the " Wall " were developed,

[ One of these along a rippling stream was called by the Dutch *^ The

i Maiden's Path/' which the English later translated into Maiden Lane.

I Whether this title was due to its service as a Iover*s lane or» as those

of a more prosaic nature allege, to its use as a spot where maidens

Tveut to do the family washing, will remain in obscurity.

The tendency of the city*s growth, as shown by a study of a series
of the early maps, was northeastward, the western section, together
with Broadw^ay, remaining undeveloped. A map of 17^ from a sur-
vey by James Lyne and printed by New York*s first printer, William
Bradford, clearly exhibits the direction of growth. It appears that the
shipping interests extended along the East River and this factor in-
fluenced the location of warehouses in the neighborhood, as well as
the establishment of all sorts of business places near the ferry, in order
to capture the Long Island trade. Broadway was, in realityj a distant
and unfrequented part of the town. Near Bowling Green there were
some five houses, but north of Crown Street (^t^s^vx VkW^-i '^vt^^,
there was merely a stretc>\ oi optw ^f\d^. Ox\ ^«t xtva^^ ^^ T^^^^
appears as the King's Farm, l^he %loiY oi ^"^^ V^^m*^s. 'ss^ ^ "^

. \Efi0e.Vt3^S!

HISTORICAL GUIDE

and important chapter in the history of New York and it remains a
factor to this day. In Dutch days there was a tract between the
present Fulton and Warren Streets, extending from Broadway west-
ward to the river, known as the Company's Farm, which was set aside
to be tilled for the benefit of the Company's civil and military serv-
ants. When the English came into control, this property became the
private land of the Duke of York. In 1670, additional land was
bought from the heirs of Anneke Jans, the farm being then ex-
tended to about Christopher Street. When the Duke of York be-
came king this tract was called the King's Farm and subsequently,
in the days of Anne, the Queen's Farm. In 1705, the entire estate
was granted to the " English Church in the Island of New York,"
(now Trinity) which still retains possession of it. No doubt this
very fact, namely that the land belonged to the church, helped to
prevent the development of that section, the inhabitants naturally
preferring to build where they could acquire title to the land.

In the meantime, that portion of Manhattan known to this day as
Greenwich Village was developing along lines of its own. The
original village occupied the region between West Tenth Street and
the present site of Gansevoort Market. Here in the earliest days was
an Indian settlement selected by the knowing Red Men for its fer-
tility, good fishing and hunting. The Dutch converted the section into
a farm and farmers were easily attracted to the fertile spot. For a
number of years it retained its Indian title of Sappokanican, but
al)oul the year 1720 the name was changed to Greenwich. It grew in
popularity and in the course- of time became the abiding place of a
luimhcr of prominent people. Naturally, a line of communication was
established between the town and the village, the Greenwich Road
along the line practically of the present Greenwich Street being the
most direct route. This became a fashionable driveway, but owing
to tlic fact that it crossed Lispenard's Meadows and Minetta Water
where there was a causeway, and that after a rain the road became"-
very bad, people frequently gave preference to the Bowery, turning
westward at Astor Place where there was a cross road.

As has already been mentioned, Greenwich developed along lines
of its own, the result being that when the city grew up to it and
streets were joined, a hopeless tangle ensued causing such extraor-
dinary and startling occurrences as the intersection of West Fourth
and Tenth Streets. (Excursion II.).

The picturesque Bloomingdale Road which yielded to the aristo-
: title of Boulevard and subsequently became plain Broadway,

NEW YORK'S DEVELOPMENT

was opened in 1703, at which time it extended from about Twenty-
third Street to One Hundred and Fourteenth Street. In 1795 it
was laid out to One Hundred and Forty-seventh Street where it
formed a junction with the Kingsbridge Road. Bloomingdale, which
bestowed its pleasantly suggestive name (vale of flowers) upon the
roadway that traversed its tract of fine estates, covered the space
from about Madison Square to the neighborhood of One Hundredth
Street and contained a number of stately mansions nearly all of which
have been supplanted by crowded modern structures. The name
survives in the designation " Bloomingdale Square," conferred in
1906 on the open space in front of the Bloomingdale Reformed
Church at One Hundred and Sixth Street and Broadway. (Excur-
sion V.)

Kingsbridge Road was the old Post Road to Albany and to New
England. It has disappeared from the modern map. As in the
case of the Bloomingdale Road, which it joined at One Hundred
and Forty-seventh Street, continuing northward along the western
section of the island, its name has been supplanted by that of Broad-
way.

The unvarying rectilinear and rectangular plan of streets that con-
signed Manhattan to its prosaic gridiron was the work of a Com-
mission consisting of Gouverneur Morris, Simeon De Witt and John
Rutherford, appointed in 1807. This Commission, after four years
of prodigious effort, evolved the monotonous scheme that has ef-
fectively prevented the realization of a city bea»Jtiful. Some of the
remarks of the worthy commissioners are decidedly interesting.
" Circles, ovals and stars," it seems, strongly tempted them, but they
did not flinch from their sense of duty. Acknowledging that such
fanciful forms would certainly embellish a plan, they remembered
that the city, after all, was to be composed principally of the habita-
tions of men and that straight-sided and right-angled houses were
" the most cheap to live in," and the effect of this economic reasoning
was decisive.

Referring to another problem with which the commissioners
wrestled and which disturbed their consciences to a considerable de-
gree, a statement appears as follows : " It may to many be a matter
of surprise that so few vacant spaces have been left, and those so
small, for the benefit of fresh air and consequent preservation of
health." ** Had New York been situated near little streams Uke. t.Vsfc
Seine or the Thames," reasoned the iaT-see\v\% coxwKv\%%\QrcsRX'5.^^'' -j^ ^KS^•^2^.
number oi ample spaces might have bt^tv vvt^:.^^^^^^ , ^J.NiX ^^•^^^^^''^^^^

HISTORICAL GUIDE

being embraced by large arms of the sea, neither from the point of
view of health nor pleasure was such a plan necessary." " Besides,
considering the uncommonly great price of land," said the prudent
commissioners, " it was along the line of duty to be economical."
Another comment is worth repeating: "To some," they remarked,
" it may be a matter of surprise that the whole island has not been
laid out as a city. To others it may be a subject of merriment that
the commissioners have provided space for a greater population than
is collected at any spot on this side of China. They have in this
respect been governed by the shape of the ground. It is not im-
probable that considerable numbers may be collected at Harlem before
the high hills to the southward of it shall be built upon as a city;
and it is improbable that (for centuries to come) the grounds north
of Harlem Flat will be covered with houses." This was just one
century ago. Cautious commissioners! "To have gone further,"
they explained, "might have furnished materials to the pernicious
spirit of speculation."

EXCURSION NO. VII.— NEW YORK CITY, SOUTH OF
WALL STREET.

By Frank Bergen Kelley.

Corrected with the aid of Albert Ulmann, J. H. Innes and Charles

Hemstreet.

HISTORICAL GUIDE

C Store iki^t/fi

a The 3cm

N. Suppas^^ Sfti (^ fffst WindmiH ^

Plate IV. Reueawn^fhom Innes' Map of ifH4- C* ^^

(Froni ** New Amsterdam and Its Pe-oj^lc,** by J, II. Inijcs, Charles Scfibn*r*i

Sons)*

BIBLIOGRAPHY

"The Dutch Founding of New York," by Janvier.

" New Amsterdam and Its People," by Innes.

"A Landmark History of New York," by Ulmann.

" Nooks and Comers of Old New York," by Ilemstreet.

" When Old New York was Young," by Ilemstreet.

"Literary Landmarks in New York," by Hemstreet.

" In Old New York " (articles on " The Evolution of New York "
and "The Battery"), by Janvier.

"New York Old and New," by R. R. Wilson.

"The Story of a Street" (Wall Street), by Hill.

" Felix Oldboy's Walks in Our Churchyards," by Mines.

" History of Trinity Parish," Dix.

Reports of the American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society
(articles on "The Battery," "Castle Garden," "The Fort George
Latitude Monument," etc.).

" Historic New York," 2 vols, (papers on " Fort Amsterdam,"
"Bowling Green," "The Stadt Huys," "Old Wells/' "Early Wall
Street," "The New York Press," "Early Schools" and "Governor's
Island").

This Excursion might be called " A walk through New Amsterdam," but for
the fact that the section once known as New Amsterdam, and bounded by
Greenwich, State, Pearl and Wall Streets, contains many English and Revolu-
tionary traces as well as those of Dutch interest.

To complete a survey of Hutch traces, the journey should be continued up
Broadway, Park Row and the Bowery to the region of Stuyvcsant's IJouwcrie
(Excursion III.)*

Before taking this itinerary, read Mr. Ulmann's article, p. 3,
"New York's Development."

HISTORICAL GUIDE

Plate V. Routes i, 2, 3, 4,

C. K.

Bowling Green MANHATTAN z Route

ROUTE I.

SECTION I.— AROUND BOWLING GREEN.

(Figures refer to Plate V; compare with Plates II, III, IV, VI,
VII, and VIII).

Take Elevated R. R. or Broadway car to Battery Place, or Subway to
Bowling Green.

The original Hudson River Shore Line approximately followed Greenwich
Street and the line of the Ninth Avenue Elevated Railroad to the vicinity of
South Ferry Station. Greenwich Street (laid out about 1760) was the shore
road to Greenwich Village (Excursion II). The map of 1695 shows palisades
along Greenwich Street connected at the north with the wall on Wall Street.
Remains of old posts were dug up when the foundations of the Bowling Green
Offices were laid.

Battery Place was the western extension of Marketfield Street

and derives its name from the battery erected here in English days.

(Section IV.) Note the old buildings at the foot of Greenwich and

Washington Streets.

Go up Broadway.

Broadway was called the Heere Straat, the Heere JVegh and the
Broad Way, and extended to Ann Street wh^re it turned east and up
Nassau Street to Park Row.

I. Tablet on the Washington Building, i Broadway, erected by
the Sons of the Revolution to mark the site of the Kennedy House,
built about 1760 by Captain Archibald Kennedy, R. N., a member of
the Governor's Council and Collector of the Port, later eleventh Earl
of Cassilis. It was occupied during the Revolution by Putnam,
" King " Sears, Generals Clinton and Carleton, but not by Washing-
ton, whose headquarters before September 14, 1776, were at Rich-
mond Hill (Excursion II). Later it was owned by Nathaniel Pri;iie
and became the Washington Hotel. The Washington Building was
erected by Cyrus W. Field and from its tower and roof can be
gained fine views of the harbor. Robert Fulton died in a house which
stood just at the rear.

9 and II Broadway are on the site of the tavern of Martin Cregier, a Dutch
burgomaster, and of the King's Arms Tavern or Burns' Coffee House, where the
Non-Importation Agreement was signed by New York merchants in 1766 (by
some located at 113 Broadway). Benedict Arnold had his quarters here for a
time.

Note. So says Valentine, but Innes clavciva V\v^\. C.Tt^Kvfcx'^ ^tc:wvW^>aR^rL '«'*^
on the site of 3 Broadway, and doubls NvVveWet Vie V^v't VaNtt^ V^^^ . . .IJ t^ •^%.
also reason to doubt whether the name Burns* CoRcc Hou^e ^'w^^fc'=^
A'm/v Armf Tavern,

Bowling Green MANHATTAN i Rout:

2. 19 Broadway (see the sleeping Hons on the stoop) was once
the home of Daniel Webster.

3. ay Broadway, the Stevens Houscj was the property of the
founder of the Stevens Institute,

Morris Street was the open way to Biayard'& Brewery. South of it lay the
original Butch burying ground* On the west aide of Broadway were private
residencei» durinj^ colonial days, and sbops 011 the eagi side.

4. Bowling Green, the heart of New Amsterdam and the center
(north and soiuh) of the Geaier New York, Here some believe Peter
Minuit purchased the Island of Manhattan in 1626. It was known as
the Flame and the Marckveidt in Dutch days and later as the Market
Field and the Parade. Here were held the Dutch weekly market and
annual kermesSj and here the soldiers of the fort paraded. In 1732
it was ordered fenced in and was leased at one peppercorn a year
for clfevcn years to three citia^ens for a private Bowling Green, the
lease being renewed for a second elesren years, at 20 shillmgs per
annum.

The Stamp Act Riot centered here in 1765, when Gov. Col den's
coach, containing his ef?i gy, was burned. Here, m 1770^ was set up
the gilded leaden eciuestrian statue of George III (made hi London
by Wilton, who also made a replica), which was torn down by the
mob July g, 1776, after the reading of the Declaration of Independence^
The lead was converted into bullets for the patriots, but the stone
cap of the pedestal and the tail and bridle of the horse may yet be
seen in the rooms of the New York Historical Society. Tht; stone
cap was used as a tombstone to mark the remains of Captain J.
Smith (see the inscription upon its face), and later was used as
a doorstep by the Van Voorst family of Jerf^ey City. The leaden
pieces were dug up on a farm in Connecticut. The head of the
statue was rescued by Cox, the proprietor of the tavern at Kings-
bridge, and later given up to the British author it itfs.

The iron fence was brought from England in 1771; the iron
balls crowning the posts were broken off during the Revolution.

Here the Federal Procession of ^787 was revit^wed by Washington,
and the Federal Ship of State, made and presented hy the ship car-
penters of New York, remained on the Bowling Green until i78g.
Here, in I794r occurred a riotous public meeting to protest against
the Jay Treaty, About 1797 the Green assumed its present oval form.
Sec the bronze statue of Abraham de Peyster, Mti.>jt^\ \^ ^^fciqiv-^^ ^ukj^
holder of many colonial offices vtS^V^T^^^ ^V n*^^ ^-i^^s.^^ "^h ^^

'alts de Fcyster, George E. BvsscW, scv\\^Vot,

( 91, ».i

.>Y

Bowling Green MANHATTAN i Route

5. Custom House, site of Fort Amsterdam. A traders' fort,
the original log blockhouse of 1615, probably occupied this site. Fort
Amsterdam was begun in 1626, by Minuit, and was completed in
1633-5 by a structure of earth and stone with four bastions, the main
Sate opening on the Bowling Green. The fort contained the Director-
General's house and the Church of St. Nicholas, or the Church in the
Fort, erected in 1642, and mother of the Collegiate Dutch churches.
To honor the rulers of the Colony the name of the fort was changed

' successively to James, William Hendrick, William, Anne and George.
After the demolition of the fort in 1790 the Government House
Was erected here as a presidential mansion, but was occupied by
Governors Clinton and Jay. Later it was used as a custom house and
was burned in 1815, when the land was sold and private residences
erected thereon, which afterwards became known as Steamship Rozv.
In 1902-7 the present Custom House was erected, Cass Gilbert,
architect. See in the Collector's Office an inscription over the fire-
place stating the history of the site. The statuary on the building
is by D. C. French and represents the continents and the great
trading nations of ancient and modern times.

In Battery Park, opposite the west side of the Custom House,
see the

6. Fort George Monument, erected in 1818 by the City Cor-
' poration to mark the site of the southwest bastion of Fort George.

This stone was unearthed during the excavation for the subway and
was reinstated in 1907 through the action of the American Scenic
and Historic Preservation Society and the New York Historical So-
ciety.

Go doivn State Street to Whitehall Street, passing

7. Tablet at 10 Pearl Street, near State Street, erected by the
Holland Dames of New Netherlands, incorrectly placed here to mark
the site of the first city hall (see ZZ)-

8. 7 State Street, now a home for immigrant girls, one of
the mansions of a century ago, on what was in 1800 one of the
most fashionable residential streets.

9 State Street is the site of the home oi 3o\\u 'W.otVow, Wx^ *^ ^^^^ \..^.vi*R."^-

Route I HISTORICAL GUIDE Bowling

9. Tablet, at 51 Whitehall Street, erected in 1904 by the
Mary Washington Colonial Chapter of the Daughters of the Ameri-
can Revolution, marks the site of Whitehall Ferry, where Washing-
ton made his departure from New York in 1783.

Schreyers* Hoek or Cdpske was the name given to the extreme end of the
island, in commemoration of the Schreyers' Hoek in Amsterdam from which
ships set sail for America. Capske Rocks lay just south, beyond the original
shore line. They were uncovered during the recent excavation for the
South Ferry subway station.

Go north on Whitehall Street,

Whitehall Street was named for

10. Governor Stuyvesant's House, erected in 1658, later called the
White Hall which stood on what is now the southwest corner of
Pearl and Whitehall Streets. In Dutch times it was called the
Marckveldt, later Beurs or Exchange Street.

Perel Street in Dutch days extended east only as far as Whitehall
Street, and was probably so called because of the " pearly shells "
found near it on the beach. It was laid out in 1633 and some of the
first Dutch houses were built along it, under the guns of the fort.
Pearl Street east of Whitehall Street was here called the Strand,
The site of the

11. First (wooden) Dutch Church is at 39 Pearl Street, not at 33, as is
often stated.

12. Tablet, at 23 Whitehall Street, erected in 1902 by the
Knickerbocker Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution, to
mark the site of the house of Dominie Bogardus, whose wife, Anneke
Jans, owned the farm which became the property of Trinity Church.

Go east on Stone Street.

Stone Street was first known as Brouwer Street, because on it was the
Company's brewery (at No. lo); it was called Stone Street from the fact that
it was the first New York street to be paved (with cobblestones in 1657).
Adam Roelandsen taught the first school of New Amsterdam in his house on
this street (about No. 7).

The West India Company's five stone shops were on the site of the Merchants'
BuiJding.

through the Stone Street entrance of the Produce Exchange,

Green MANHATTAN i Route

13. Tablet (on the rear wall of the Produce Exchange, facing
the court), erected by the Huguenot Society of America to mark
the site of the first Huguenot Church, built in 1688.

The WhUg Horst Inn was at the northeast corner of Stone and Whitehall
Strccta.

14. Marketfield Street is the little street facing the court of
the Produce Exchange and in Dutch days was known as Marckveldt
Steegie (lane) when it connected with the Marckveldt proper. In
English days it was called Petticoat Lane, possibly because it was a
favorite shopping district for the ladies.

Go north on New Street.

New Street was so called because opened later than other
streets in the vicinity (1679).

Go west on Exchange Place and down Broadway.

Note the hill," a trace of Verlettenhergh (Vcrlett's Hill), corrupted
to Flatten Barrack by the English; once a favorite coasting place.

15. Tablet, at 50 Broadway, erected by the Society of Archi-
tecture and Ironmasters of New York, on the Tower Building to
mark it as the earliest example of a skeleton-frame steel structure,
originated and designed in 1888-9 by Bradford Lee Gilbert.

16. Tablet, 41 Broadway, erected by the Holland Society, to
mark the site of the first white men's houses in Manhattan. They
were built in 1613 by Adrian Block who, when his ship, the Tiger,
was burned, built the Unrest near this spot.

NoTC. — So says- Booth's "History of New York.'* Innes locates this at the
foot of Roosevelt Street, East River. The brook running to the foot of Roose-
velt Street was long known as the Old Wreck Brook, and the cove at this part
of the East River shore might well have furnished shelter to a small craft
during winter storms.

39 Broadway is the site of the McComb Mansion, where Washington lived
in 1790. Note the irregular frontage of buildings nor^h, authorized by the city
government.

17. Revolutionary cannon, 55 Broadway, forming part of the
exterior railing.

Sec the statues, by J. Massey Rhind, oi C\\vvVoxv,^0^\^^'^N.\i?i>^^'^-3>2o8v.
r.nd Hudson on Exchange Court, 52-sC> 'Bto;iC^>n^^.

Route I HISTORICAL GUIDE Bowling Green

Go down

Exchange Alley, by some supposed to be the old Tin Pot Alley
(Tuyn Paat or Garden Lane), marked by a )erra cotta tablet at the
corner of Broadway.

Valentine refers the name to

i8. Edgar Street, connecting Trinity Place and Greenwich
Street, one of the shortest streets in the city. See old residences and
the Hotel Gruetli on the west side of Trinity Place.

Edgar Street led to the Edgar Mansion on Greenwich Street, where April
8, 1834, Daniel Webster made an address to the people on the inauguration
of Cornelius W. Lawrence, first elected Mayor of New York.

The West India Company's Orchard and Garden occupied the land north of
Exchange alley and west of Broadway.

Trinity MANHATTAN 9 Route

ROUTE 2.

SECTION II.— TRINITY CHURCH AND WALL STREET.

19. Trinity Church. Original building 1696-7; burned in the
great fire of 1776; rebuilt 1788-90; present building 1839-46, Richard
Upjohn, architect. (See "The Church Farm" in Excursion II).
The bronze doors designed by St. Gaudens (the gift of W. W. As-
tor) representing Biblical and local historic scenes, and the Astor
Reredos (the gift of J. J. and Wm. Astor). In a passageway at
the north of the Chancel are the effigy of Bishop Onderdonck, me-
morial windows to other bishops and some stones from the old
building. In the sacristy at the south side are several pictures and
memorial tablets including one to a party of Scotchmen who were
shipwrecked off the coast of Sandy Hook in 1783.

Among the Trinity tombs not indexed are those of Francis and
Morgan Lewis, the English governors Sir Henry Moore, Osborne
and Delancey and the wife of Governor Clarke. Note the elevation
of the yard above Trinity Place, a trace of the original bluffs
along the Hudson River shore at this point.

The Lutheran Church (1671-1776) stood at the corner of Rector Street and
Broadway, this spot afterwards being the location of Grace Episcopal Church.
1808-46.

HISTORICAL GUIDE

TRINITY CHURCHYARD.
Index to Monuments in Trinity Churchyard.

v-x

>»

^ /""s

j2 •§

Phil,
tt's Toi

!§

■sS

•s

Livini
ton

Genei
the

X ><

■= 1 I & I I

» MH ^ "*

-s

*c3

1-4

o
« S "»

S :S ^ •§ « .

y-« ^ ,-, rt ►-• /-N

i .1 5 .§ =^ ^ S e « I I ^ S

I. J a ^*

■»-» 2 SS o

4) -to 4-» g "^

2 . . o s ^

«3

psi

.2 "H

^ U <

« u ci f4 u; o xc.

ail S-gg^.S

E 5 >. g" b

Route 2 HISTORICAL GUIDE Wall

Go east on

Wall Street, so called from the palisade built in 1653 by Stuy-
vesant to defend New Amsterdam, and removed in 1699 when some
of the rriaterial was worked into the new City Hall. The Land
Poort, or gate, was at Broadway and the Water Poort at Pearl Street
where a Half Moon Battery was located. Bastions stood on the sites
of the rear of Trinity Churchyard, 4 Wall Street, the Sub-Treasury,
44 Wall Street and the head of Hanover Street. In 1673 the western
line of the palisade was turned south to the shore at Rector Street,
the wall was surveyed and Wall Street officially established in 1685
by Governor Dongan.

20. Site of the First Presbyterian Church, just east of the head
of New Street. Here Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield
preached. The building was used as a hospital by the British during
the Revolution. (Excursion II, 17, and Excursion V, Section 1:10.)

Note the jog in the sidewalk at the northwest corner of Nassau
Street (old Picwoman's Lane or Kip Street) over which Federal
Hall projected.

2T. The Sub-Treasury, on the site of the Colonial City Hall
(1699-1812). The old building contained the Court Rooms, Common
Council Chamber, jail, a debtors* prison, accommodations for the
fire department and a library, the predecessor of the New York So-
ciety Library. In front, at the head of Broad Street, stood the cage,
pillory, stocks and whipping post. Here was won the Zcnger Case
securing the freedom of the press, and here, in 1765, the Stamp Act
Congress met. In 1785 it was used as the State Capitol and here the
Continental Congress met. In 1788 the building was reconstructed
by Major Pierre Charles I'Enfant (who later planned the City of
Washington) and was known as Federal Hall, ll was used by the
first Congress under the Constitution. Here Washington took the
oath of office on April 30, 1789. When the cai)ilal was removed to
Philadelphia, this building became the State Capitol and so remained
until 1797.

Here, in 1804, the New York Historical Society was founded. In
1812 the building was torn down and the present building erected
as the Custom House which in 1862 was remodeled for a Sub-
Treasury. Note the statue of Washington by J. Q. A. Ward, erected
w j88j by public subscription under the auspices of the Chamber

MANHATTAN

2 Route

Route a HISTORICAL GUIDE Wal

of Commerce. At the foot of this statue their was formerly a grea
slab of brown stone on which Washington stood while taking th<_
oath of office. It has been enclosed in a bronze frame, covered witl^
glass and placed upon the south wall of the interior of the buildings
Part of the railing of the balcoHy from which Washington deliveredl
his first inaugural address is in the building of the New York His-
torical Society and a second part is in front of Bellevue Hospital. The
tablet on the west front of the Sub-Treasury was erected in 1905 by
the Ohio Company of Associates to commemorate the passage by the
Congress here assembled in 1787 of the Ordinance of 1787, and the
purchase by the Ohio Company of Associates of lands in the North-
west Territory on which, in 1788, they made their first settlement at
Marietta.

The tablet on the east front represents Washington in prayer at
Valley Forge (presented by John T. Clancy; J. E. Kelley, sculptor),
erected February 22, 1907, by Lafayette Post, No. 140, G. A. R.

22. The U. S. Assay Office, 32 Wall Street, built in 1823 on
the site of the Verplanck mansion, formerly used as the United States
Bank and Treasury, is the oldest federal building now standing in
Manhattan. Alexander Hamilton's law office stood at 33 (formerly
57) Wall Street, on the site of the Mechanics* National Bank.

23. Bank of the Manhattan Company, 40 Wall Street, the
second oldest bank of New York, founded by the Manhattan Com-
pany in 1799 which, by the aid of Aaron Burr, was chartered ostensibly
to supply New York with drinking water. Within the bank is a piece
of the old wooden water pipe; the Manhattan water tank still stands
on Centre Street, near Duane (Excursion HI 123) .

The Merchants' Bank, 42 Wall Street, is the third oldest bank,

organized in 1803.

24. The comer stone of the Bank of New York is at the

northeast corner of Wall and William Streets and bears the following
inscription : " This comer-stone of the Bank of New York was laid
June 22, 1797, by Gulian Verplanck, Esq., the President, Geo. Doolett,
Architect." This is the oldest New York bank and one of the oldest
three in the United States. It was founded by Alexander Hamilton
and others in 1784, at the Merchants' CoflFee House.

On the corner of Wall and William Streets (near Governor Tryon's
house) stood the marble statue of William Pitt, erected there in
jy^^o to honor his defence of the rights of the colonists. It was

Street MANHATTAN 2 Route

mutilated by British soldiers and may now be seen in the building of
the New York Historical Society.

At 52 Wall Street, in the Directors' Room of the New York Life
Insurance and Trust Company, is the corner stone of the United
States Branch Bank, which formerly occupied this site. The stone
is dated June 13, 1797.

25. Tablet, .56 Wall Street, erected by the Canadian Society
of New York, in 1903, to commemorate Morris Robinson, first
president of the Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York, who
here established the business of modern life insurance on the American
Continent.

26. The old U. S. Custom House (now remodeled and the
property of the National City Bank) occupies the site of the Mer-
chants* Exchange (burnt in the fire of 1835) ; became the Custom
House in 1862.

27. Tontine Building, Wall Street, between Pearl and Water
Streets, is on the site of the Tontine Coffee House (1793) where the
Chamber of Commerce and many other organizations met.

The Merchants* Coffee House was erected in 1740 on the southeast
comer, and the region was known as Coffee House Slip. Here were
held several important demonstrations by the patriots before the
Revolution.

28. Site of the Meal Market, also used as a city slave market, in
the middle of Wall, near Water Street. Washington landed at Mur-
ray's Wharf near by, April 23, 1789, when he came to be inaugurated.

Home 3 HISTORICAL GUIDE Pearl Street

ROUTE 3

SECTION III.— PEARL AND BROAD STREETS.

This part of Pearl Street was in early days known as the Road to
the iFerry.

Go south on Pearl Street.

29. At 119-iai . Pearl Street lived Gen. Jean Victor Moreau,
who tried to assassinate Napoleon Bonaparte. Captain Kidd lived on
the same site about 1691.

Hanover Square, named for George I of Hanover, was the
fashionable center, and " Printing House Square " of English New
York.

30. Tablet on Cotton Exchange, erected by the New York
Historical Society, to mark the site of the first New York newspaper
office, Bradford's New York Gazette, 1725. Other papers were pub-
lished near by.

William Street (named for William of Orange, later William
III), between Stone and Pearl Streets, was Burger^s Path. North of
Stone Street it was Smee or Smith Street, opened 1656-7.

31. Marble tablet, 90 Pearl Street, commemorates the great
fire of 1835, which destroyed $20,000,000 worth of property, between
Wall Street (the old Merchants* Exchange) and Coenties Slip, and
led to the more rapid completion of the Croton Aqueduct.

32. Tablet, 81 Pearl Street, erected by the New York Historical
Society, marks the site of Bradford's first printing press (1693).

33. Tablet, 73 Pearl Street, erected by the Holland Society, to
mark the site of Kieft's Stadt Herbergh or Tavern (1641-2), which
l)ccamc the Stadt Huys, or first City Hall of New York (1653-4).

Coenties Alley, or Stadt Huys Lane, is the original street from
the shore to Hoogh (Stone) Street. The Stadt Huys was used as
a jail, debtors* prison, court house, city hall and public storehouse.
Governor Lovelace had a tavern next door. A well, pillory and stocks
were located on the river shore in front of the Stadt Huys.

34. Coenties Slip is named for Conraet (" Coenties ") Ten
Eyck, who lived here. The '* Slip *' was not filled in until about 1835,
and the site is occupied by Jeannette Park, named for the Herald
Arctic Expedition ship. Part of the Erie Canal fleet lies here.

35. Fraunces Tavern, 52 Pearl Street, corner of Broad Street
»e Excursion VI).

tAe middle of Broad Street, just below Fraunces Tavern, was the first
hMntM* Exchange,

Broad Street MANHATTAN 3 Route

Opposite Fraunces Tavern, to the west, see the Bush Terminal
Company's building; style, eleventh century Gothic, with gargoyles
of old mariners* heads (as the ujper floor is occupied .by the "Jolly
Mariners" dining club).

Pearl Street was the original shore line from the east side of Whitehall
Street north. At the foot of Broad (near Pearl) Street the Great Dock was
located in Governor Dongan's time. Gradually the shore line was extended to
Water, Front and South Streets, but the work was not completed until after
die Revolution.

Go up Broad Street.

" Blommaert's Vly '* was a swampy region, extending along Broad Street from
Exchange Place to South William Street, originally imperfectly drained by a
creek running through the present Broad Street, which the l)utch converted
into a ditch m 1647 and the Heere Gracht or canal in 1657. A street was laid
ont on either side of the canal, and it became a favorite residence district.
After becoming a public nuisance, it was filled in in 1676. Traces of the swamp
are found during the construction of tall buildings, it being necessary to ex-
cavate many feet to secure solid foundations. At Bridge Street a small bridge
crossed the canal. Stone Street, east of Broad Street, was the Dutch Hoogh
or High Street, in English days Duke Street, connecting with Pearl Street at
Hanover Square, as part of the old Road to the Ferry.

Beaver Street, called Bever Gracht, led to the swamp in Broad Street, and
was drained by a small canal or ditch.

Go east on South William Street.

36. Site of the Horse Mill or Bark Mill, 32-34 South William Street.
This was one of the first mills built by the West India Company (1626). In
its upper story were held the first regular religious services (1628-33) of the
Dutch Church. Here, August 29, 1664, " by eight of the clock in the morning,
at the Old Mill," took place the final exchange of the documents marking the
surrender of New Amsterdam to the English (Innes). It was later used by the
Jews until they erected their first synagogue on the opposite side of the street.
For a time the building or a part of it was occupied by the negro slaves of
the West India Company.

37. Mill Stones in the rear of 18 South William Street (or of
40 Beaver Street) supposed to have been used in this mill. Two of
these stones have been placed in the foundation of the Temple

I Shearith Israel at 99 Central Park West, in commemoration of this
first synagogue.

Note. — So say some writers, but Innes states that the Tews never occupied
Bark Mill and that their svna^ogue was on the north sicle of the street and
several doors east of the old mill. He also believes that the present mill stones
came from a later mill in this vicinity (see article on " The Bark Mill " in
the ** Quarterly Federation of Churches," Vol. Ill, No. 5, 1905).

38. **Mill Lane," also known as Ellets" or Elliotts' Alley (con-
necting South William with Stone Street), was opened in 1656-7 to
connect Slyck Steegh with Hoogh Street. At 13 South Williata
Street see house built in imitatiotv oi VVv^ OA ^\i\.^ '" ^^^-^-^\r^''^
style.

Route 3 HISTORICAL GUtDfi Broad Street

Go west on Beaver Street

39. Ancient marble columns (brought from Pompeii) at the en-
trance of the Delmonico Building, Sbuth William and Beaver Streets.

40. Marinus Willett- Tablet, northwest corner of Broad and
Beaver Streets, erected in 1892 by the Sons of the Revolution to
mark the site of the seizure of arms by the Sons of Liberty from
British soldiers, June 6, 1775. See representation on the tablet of old
Broad Street and Federal Hall and the medallion head of Willett.

Go north on Broad Street, passing

41. Site of the New or South Dutch Church on Tuyen or Garden
Street (now Exchange Place) between Broad and William Streets,
built in 1691-3, adjoining the land of the widow of Dominie Drisius.
The land just below Wall Street, between Broadway and Pearl Street,
was used by the Dutch as the first common or Schaap Waytie,

42. New York Stock Exchange, organized in 1792 by a group
of brokers who met first under a buttonwood tree in front of 70
Wall Street, and held daily meetings a few months later at the
Tontine Coffee House (see 27).

After meeting in various places the present site, 10-12 Broad Street,
was purchased in 1863. Traces of the old swamp made the con-
struction of the present building (opened 1903) a difficult engineer-
ing feat.

The architect of the present building was George B. Post and the
sculptor of the pediment (typifying the movement of American com-
merce) was J. Q. A. Ward.

ANHATfS

ROUTE 4-

SECTION TV— THE BATTERY AND GOVERNOR'S
ISLAND,

Take Ehvated R. R. to Battery Place or Suhway to Bowling Green
and walk west

The original Battery was a line of cannon extending from the
foot of Greenwich Street Co the mtersection of WhiU-hall and Water
Streets. The work was bcgitn by Governor Fletcher (1693) and
strengthened about 175a The land beyond this line was under water
until after 1800.

43. The Aquarium, built about 1807-11 as the South West Bat-
tery, to defend New York. Land under water was ceded to the
Congress by the city for this purpose* The fort, about 300 feet from
shore, latet called ** Castle Clinton," was built oti a mole and con-
nected with the city by a bridge. The embrasures for the 30 heavy
guns may still be seen. In 1822 it was ceded to the State and in
1823 leased to the city and in 1824 was leased as a public amuse-
ment hall^ known as Castle GardftL It was roofed over* and was the
scene of Lafayeltts reception in 1824. In 1S47 it became an opera
house. Here Jenny Lind sang C1850) and Kossuth (1851) was re*
ceived. In 1855 it became the Immigration Bureau (until iSqt), and
soon afterward the remainder of the Battery Park was filled in.
In i8y6 the building was optned as an Aquarium, and was transferred
in 1902 to the care of the New York Zoological Society, It is open
free daily including Sundays (except Monday forenoons), from 10
A* M* until 4 p. M. in winter and from 9 a* m. until 5 P, M. in summer.

See within tablets, pictures of the ongnal Interior, bombproof s,
the old fireplace' in the cellar and the original casemates, LTp stairs sec
a blue platter presented by the Misses Karle, showing the fort in
1815. Note the great doors and sentry's exit.

44. Statue of John Ericsson (by Hartley, and presented by him
to ihe city in 1903), the inventor of the Monitor, which defeated the
Confederate ironclad Virginia (or Mcrrtmac), at Hampton Roads on
Mnroh 9, 1861. and thereby saved New York from bombardia\e,^\^
ihe commemorative tablets on the svdes, t*i^i:t'5>twV\\\'^ "^^^ ^^^
veuttons of Erics son.

Route 4

HISTORICAL GUIDE

Governor's

MAP OF
G0y£MWM3 ISLAND
5e€tm 4 fuifrjm W/ /

Plate VII. Governor's Island.

C. K.

45. Flagstaff, a little south of the site where Van Arsdale tore
down the British flag from the greased pole and raised the American
Flag on Evacuation Day, November 25, 1783. During the tunnel
excavation there have been found remains of the pier and plank
road connecting with the original shore, built by Commodore Vander-
bilt for his steam ferry to Staten Island.

46. Governor's Island. (Secure pass several days in advance
from Commandant, Fort Jay.)

Indian name of the island (about 65 acres, exclusive of the recently

land") was Pagganck. and the Dutch Nooten, or Nut Island: it was

■• 1637 from the Indians by Wouter Van Twiller. Here he built a

"d pastured goats. In 1698 it was set aside by the Assembly for

of the royal governors, hence its present name. It was temporarily

e statiDn for German Protestants or Palatines in 17 10. In 1730 it

; of New York City and in 1788 of the County of New York. In

^m. PepperelVs regiment en route for Canada was quartered here.

, '776, Colonel Prescott's Bunker Hill regitnent oi CoTvV\Yvexv\.^\ \.\oov%

— the island and threw up fortifications wVvkVi vViev Vve\d uwWX ^iv^x W\^

rANHAI

cout

Baltic of Long Island, wlien all retreated In safety to Manbattatu The llrilish
belfJ k froiu 1^76 t^j 1783. Little reuiuins of tbe old works except tUe weul on
the ea-Stern siile. In 1790 C'l.i'lumbiia Cullt^g;^ wa^ given pos^es&Ioi) of tlie iiilstiiid
for a lime whh the right to lease it for a term of Iwcnty-one years. Tilt
present fortJileatiyns were be^un about 1794 and completeel in 18 j^^ Fort
CoTiunjbub replaced part of tUe o)d works m iSotj ami Cautle Winiani was com-
pleted in 1811. In iliou tbe island was ceded by the State to the Federal jjov-^
ernmentt and in igai it beeiint a miiiiary headt]uarteT&» In iSj^ it was tb
chief depot of the United States Recruiting Service and military prisoners wen
confined here durinig the Civil War. In 187S the island becan>e the head--"
quartt:rs of the Uepartmenl of the East*

Take Governor's Island Ftrry^ n^ar the Barge OfEce,

After landing, take cattra! pafh, passing on the left the department
offices and on the right piles of old ordnance. Tlie Military Museum
coniains many relics of former wars.

Fort Jay (old Fort Columbus) lias a well preserved moat, draw-
bridge, parapet and guns. The barracks here are still in use.

Castle William is used as a military prison.

Note the Saluting Battery on the south shore. Much land has
been reclaimed from the bay* The South East Battery is a small
work well preserved.

The Chapel of St, Cornelius contains several trophies and com-
memorative banners. The house of the Commander of the De-
partment of the East is on the old Parade Ground, flanked by two
cannon.

Intere.sting water trips may also be made from the Battery to the
Statue of Liberty (boats hourly, ^35 cents), on Bedloe's or
Liberty Island. This island was patented to Isaac Bedloe by Govenior
Nicoll when it was known as Oyster Island (called for a short time
Love Island). Captain Kennedy became the proprietor after the
death of Bcdloe> In 1758 the island was purchased by the city for a
small-pox hospital. About iSoo It was ceded to the United Slates.
Fort Wood was built here as a defence for the city. Within the
star-shaped fort is the Statue of Liberty, by Bartholdi, completed in
18S3 and presented by France. The pedestal was erected by popular
subscription in the United States; the statue was unveiled in 1886.
Note the view from the head of the statue over the Bay, Staten
Islandt Long Island, Manhattan and New Jersey.

Ellis Island (pass secured from the Commissioner of Immigration;
Itoals frequently from Pier I, North River).

In Dutch days this was a favorite resort for oyster feasts, hence
tailed Oyster Island. Later it was known as Gibbet Island from
the fact that a pirate by the name of G\bb^ ^-aSi Vvlxvi, ^Csx^exist, X^
^old by the State to the Nationa,\ Gcv>)c;mYS^txv\ "vix \'*s^ ^^^^ ^Y^
vcatpkd by a magazine. In iftgi \\ be^c-ame^ i^t\ Kwni^'??'^^'^ ^saiix^^
ftrc in iSgj, tile present bu\\du\m^ '^^^^ ettt\.e.^*

NOTES

EXCURSION NO. VI.— FRAUNCES TAVERN.

By Frank Bergen Kelley.

Corrected with the aid of Edward Hagaman Hall, Secretary of the

American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society and

Henry Russell Drowne, Secretary of the

Sons of the Revolution.

Jh-o iiA n hy J^^wit r*7 JT^ya rfit rtfl Jfi?*f // JS^S

Plate VI I L Map of the City of New York Below Wall Street,
Showin{I Artificial Growth of the Watek- front.

MANHATTAN 3 Route

FRAUNCES TAVERN SITE.

The site on which Fraunces Tavern stands was originally on or nearly on
the edge of the shore line of the East River, subscciiuntly extended two or
more blocks by the filling-in process. In or before 16^1 it came into the i>os-
iession of Col. Stephen Van Cortlandt, son of OloiTe Stevenson Van Cortlandt,
a soldier of the Dutch West India Company, who arrived at New Amsterdam
in 1637 and was appointed Commissary or Superintendent of Cargoes at the
Port of New Amsterdam. In 1642 he married Anneke Loockerman, sister of
the leadinjs merchant of New Amsterdam and an Indian trader. He estab-
lished a brewery on " Brouwer (brewery) Straat " now Stone Street, about
1648, was Burgomaster 1655-65 and one of the Commissioners to arrange for
the surrender of New Amsterdam. His descendants were lords of \'an Cort-
landt Manor. Col. Stephen Van Cortlandt built a cottage on the corner of
Broad and Dock (later Queen), now Pearl Street, in 1671 and brought his
voung wife, (jertrude Van Rensselaer, here to live. The " (iracht " or Canal
lay in front of the house until it was filled up in 1678. In 1700 he deeded his
property to his son-in-law, Etienne (or Stephen) DeLancey, a Huguenot noble-
man and an active merchant in the city.

INDEX TO PLATE VIII,

4. I Broadway, site of the Kennedy House.

5. Site of gilded equestrian statue of George III.

6. Site of Governor Stuyvesant's house, erected 1658, later called
the** White Hair

7. Head of Whitehall Ferry slip, as shown on Ratzcr's map, 1767.

8. Head of Whitehall Ferry slip, as shown on Hill's map, 1782;
place where Washington embarked after his farewell in Fraunces
Tavern, 1783.

9. Fraunces Tavern.

10. 73 Pearl Street, site of Stadt Huys.

11. 81 Pearl Street, site of first printing press in the Colony of
New York.

12. Scene of capture of British arms by Marinus Willct, June 6,

1775.

13. Site of publication of first newspaper in New York.

Koute 3

HISTORICAL GUIDE

Frauncesi

FoksiEK Appeaiunce of Fraunces TAVEHisr.
Copied from Vale mi lie's Mauuiil of tht Corppfation of Ncrw York of 1854*

Fraunces Tavern is one of the oldest bulldiTigs in New York City
and was ibe scene of many stirring events during the Revolutionary
Fenod. It divides honors with St. Paul's Chapel, Washington's
Headquarters, and the Van Cortlandt Mansion in its connection
with memorjes of Washington in New York. Tlie building has
rci:L*Plly been restored to its original proportions and is now open
daily to the public.

Location: Southeast comer of Broad and Pearl Streets, en-?
trainee on Pearl Street. Take the Subway or surface doum Broadway
hi ihe Bowling Green t walk cast to Broad Street a?id south to the
Tavern: ^** ioke ttcst-side Elevated lines to Battery Place and zi^aik
^ast to Broad Street.

See tablet on the Broad Street aide, a memorial to Frederick

Samuel Tallmadge^ through whose beneficence the purchase by the

Sa^ii of the J?evoJution was made po&sMe,

Tavern MANHATTAN 3 Route

CHRONOLOGY.

1719. — Built by Etienne DeLancey as a residence. It descended to his
son, Judge and Governor James DeLancey, and to his son,
Oliver DeLancey. At some time before 1757, it became the
residence of Col. Joseph Robinson, partner of Oliver DeLancey,
James DeLancey having moved to his mansion on site of
present No. 113 Broadway. (Excursion I, 25.)

1757. — It became the store and warehouse of DeLancey, Robinson &
Co., who announced in Gaines' Mercury, May 28, 1757, that
they had *' moved into Col. Robinson's late dwelling next to
the Royal Exchange, and should there continue to sell all sorts
European and East Indian goods — shoes, shirts, white and
checked, for the army, with a variety of other goods."

1762. — ^January 15. — Purchased by Samuel Fraunces, called ** Black
Sam," from his swarthy appearance, he being a West India
Creole. Fraunces had been made a " freeman " of New York
while an innkeeper in 1755. He opened here the Queen's Head
or Queen Charlotte Tavern, named in honor of the young con-
sort of George III.

1765. — Leased to John Jones as a tavern, while Fraunces for a time
took charge of Vauxhall Gardens. (Excursion I, 21.)

1766. — ^Leased by Bolton & Sigell (Sigel).

1768. — April 8. — The Chamber of Commerce, composed of twenty-
four importers and merchants, organized, with John Crugcr as
President, in the Long Room, so called in imitation of the long
Indian lodges used for tribal meetings. Monthly meetings of
the Chamber were held for some time " at Bolton & Sigel's,
precisely at the usual hour, six-thirty."

1769. — Richard Bolton alone in charge. One or more meetings were
held to consider the passage of a second Non-Tmportation Agree-
ment. (Wilson's Memorial History, II, 391-7.)

1770. — Fraunces again in possession of the Queen's Head Tavern,
" refitted in the most genteel and convenient manner for the
reception and entertainment of those gentlemen, ladies and others
who used to favor him with their company," dinners and suppers
being served " not only to IcKlgc'rs but to those who Ivsql -a^- -^
convenient distance." The LoiAg Roovw v^^'$» -cX^^ w^^^ ^«^ "^
series of lectures.

AT.

Route 3 HISTORICAL GU1D£ Fraunces

1774. — May 14. — A meeting of merchants was held here to organize
the " Committee of Correspondence," to whose firm and con-
sistent adherence to the idea of union, the Continental Congress
owed its origin. (Wilson, II, p. 434.) It was also the head-
quarters of the Social Club, among whose members were John
Jay, Gouvemeur Morris, R. R. Livingston and Morgan Lewis.

1775. — The Massachusetts delegates to the Second Continental Con-
gress stopped here on their way to Philadelphia.

1775. — August 23. — The building was struck by a shot from the man-
of-war Asia, giving rise to the oft-quoted lines of Philip Freneau :

" Scarce a broadside was "ended till 'nother began again,
By Jove! It was nothing but fire away, Flanagan!
Some thought him saluting his Sallys and Nancys,
Till he drove a round shot through the roof of Sam Francis." *

• Ed. of 1786 reads:

'* At first we supposed it was only a sham.

Tin he drove a round ball through the root of black Sam.**

1776. — Fraunces* daughter Phoebe revealed the plot to assassinate
Washington, leading to the execution of her lover, Hickey, who
was a British deserter and had become one of Washington's
bodyguard. At the time Phoebe was acting as housekeeper
for the Commander at his headquarters in the Richmond Hill
Mansion (Excursion II). Fraunces joined the American army,
and it is supposed that he had to give up the Tavern during the
British occupancy of New York, but he assumed ownership im-
mediately after the war and continued in possession for some
years. In 1789 he became Washington's steward.

1783. — November 25. — Governor George Clinton gave a banquet on
Evacuation Day to General Washington, the French ambassador,
Chevalier de la Luzerne, and many Revolutionary officers and
civilians. Thirteen toasts were given, beginning with "The
United States of America " and ending with " May This Day
Be a Lesson for Princes." Fireworks followed on the Bowling
Green.

1783, December 4. — Washington's Farewell to 44 officers, includ-
ing Generals Greene, Knox, Wayne, Steuben, Carroll, Lincoln,
Kosciusko, Moultrie, and Hamilton, Governor Clinton, Col. Tall-
madge and others. Says Col. Tallmadge :

Tavern MANHATTAN

*' We bad bcpfi ^semblcd but a few minutes wben Hi* ExtcUency entered the
ro^ifi* His tftUDticin^ tOD struriff to be t:un{:ealed» seemed to be reciprpcated by
cvtry officer preient. Afier partaking^ of a slight refresbtnent amid almost
brealbleaa silepct^ the General filled his glass y\fiih wine and turning to hi§
officers eatd: * With a heart fuU of love and gratitude I must now take my
leave of yoji, I most devdutly wtsb that your latter dajs may be aa pros-
perous and happy as your former ones have been glorious aod honorable.*
After the o^ers h^^d taken a glass of wine, (he General added: *I cannot
come to each of you to take my leave, but shall be obliged to you if each will
come and take me by the hand.^ General Knox, being nearest to him* turned
to the Commander'in'Chieft who, sulTused in tears, was incapable of utterance^
but grasped his hand^ when they embraced each other in silence. In (he same
a^ectionate manu'er every officer in the room marched up to, kissed and parted
with his General-in-Chief. Such a scene of sorrow and weeping I had never
before witnessed, and hope 1 may never he called upon to witness again. Not
a word was uttered to break the solemn silence that prevailed, or to interrupt
the tertdernesa of the occasion/'

Thence Waslimgftcsn proceeded to the Whileliall Ferry (Excursion
Vn ig) and took his departure from the city.

^7^5- — The Tavenx was sold by Fraiinces and came into various
hands. After ihe Revolution the St. Andrew's Society, the
Governors of the New York Hospital, the New York Society
and the Society for Promoting Arts and Agriculture, all met
here. Balls were also held in the Loug Room»

1832. — Interior partly hnmt out and a flat roof added,

1837, — Leased by John Gardner, a hotel prbprtetot who had been burnt
out in the great fire of 1835.

1852, June 15* — While called the Broad Street House and itept by E.
Beaumeyer, the Tavern was visited by a very disastrous ftre.
after which two stories w^ere added» making it five stories high.
Further aUerations were made about i8qo, wiien the taproom
was lowtred to the level of the street and the ground fioor win-
dows modernized*

1SS3, December 4. — On the looth anniversary of Washington's
Farewell the Society of the Sons of the Revolution was formally
orgaoized in the Long Room and met here annually for many
years,

l8B9-i9C>3« — At the lime of the centennial celebration of Washington's
inauguration {'i88g), attention was directed to the IntereiUusi^
historical associations of the bmVd\t\^, -i^^ ^^vtvcv^ ^'^ I^'^^^^
thirteen years earnest efloTts yni^ m^i^ M ^'aX\>siC^^ Ssv^xNiveifa^it

Route 3 HISTORICAL GUIDE Fraunces

and societies, including the Sons of the Revokitlon, Sons of the
American Revohition, Daughters of the American Revolution, the
American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society and the
Women's Auxiliary to the Historic and Scenic Preservation So-
ciety, which resulted, in 1903, in the passage of an ordinance by
the Board of Estimate and Apportionment to buy the Tavern
and half of the block on which it stands for a Revolutionary
museum and park. After various vicissitudes the ordinance was
rescinded, because it was learned that through the bequest of
their late President, Frederick S. Tallmadge, the property could
be acquired by the Sons of the Revolution.

1904, April II. — A committee was appointed and the purchase of the
building for the Society was effected in May, the transfer being
recorded in the Register's Office on July 30.

1906-7. — Restoration of the building.

1907, May I. — Office of the Sons of the Revolution opened here.

1907, December 4. — Formal occupation and dedication by the Sons
of the Revolution.

THE BUILDING AND ITS RESTORATION.

There is nq known view of Fraunces Tavern before 1854. Fraunces'
own description when he offered the building for sale in 1776 reads as
follows : " The Queen's Head Tavern is three stories high, with a
tile and lead roof, has fourteen fireplaces, a most excellent large kitchen,
fine dry cellars, with good convenient offices, etc."

The view of New York from Brooklyn Heights, in 1798, shows its
top as gambrel-roofed and hipped. See Hollyer's print of its proposed
restoration in Mrs. Pierce's " Landmark of Fraunces Tavern." Also
see views in the Magazine of American History, Vol. VIII, p. 144,
and in Bryant and Gay's " Popular History of the U. S.," showing
alterations in the first story.

The architect of the restored building was William H. Mersereau
and the contractor S. A. McGuire, Mr. Mersereau has endeavored
to restore the building so far as possible to its original form. When
the added stories were taken down he studied and followed the old
roo£-]ines and rafters. The modern bricks and stone were removed

THE NEW vorj: I

PUBLIC :' • -\^^Y I

ASTOH. . ■-::-!

TIL© EN ^ ••■.^■'NS

Tavern MANHATTAN 3 Route

and yellow bricks to match the originals were imported from Hol-
land for the Broad Street side, and on the Pearl Street side the
old style red bricks were matched with bricks from old dwellings in
the vicinity of Baltimore, Md. The first floor was raised to its former
level, the windows changed to conform with the original ones and the
Long Room restored to its old dimensions. All the original timbers
were retained above and below the Long Room and every brick and
piece of lumber, so far as possible, of the original building was left
in place. The present appearance of the building is believed to be
practically the same as during the Revolutionary period.

The first floor is still used as a restaurant.

On the second floor is the celebrated Long Room; note the
portraits of Frederick Samuel Tallmadge and John Austin Stevens,
the table made from old timbers of the building and the tablets.

In the Museum on the third floor are cases holding Revolution-
ary relics, — flags, china, coins, medals, military commissions, letters,
deeds and other old documents.

HISTORICAL GUIDE

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HISTORICAL GUIDE

X .

m _ _
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THE NEW YOPJK:
PUBLIC LI3PARY

ASTOR. :,-■-■ AND

TILDEN ?■'■': :..v "IONS

F L

EXCURSION NO. I.— CITY HALL TO WALL STREET.

By Frank Bergen Kelley .

Corrected with the aid of Albert Ulmann and Edward Hagaman

Hall.

5 Route

Bibliography

Works by Janvier, Ulmann, Hemstreet, Wilson and Hill mentioned

in Excursion VI L
"Historic New York;" papers on "King's College." ^* Old Wells/'

"Old Prisons and Old Taverns."
"Reports of the American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society:

articles on *' The Centenary o£ City Hall," and ** The Old

Martyrs' Prison."
"Works of Art Belonging to the City of New York/' compiled by

the Municipal Art Commission.
" St. PauKs ChapeV' by Charles F. Winffate, and " The Montgomerie

Siege/* by T. U. Harper (pub. by A. B. King & Co-),

Ttiii pftti of New York was not settled until long aft«r the Dutch flcig
ceued to wave over New Amstprdam. Citv Hall Park was the old Dulch
Vlact (Flat) or pasture, later called the Commons, granted to the city cor-
poration in i6S6 hy the Dongan {fhartet^ Durir^t the later English period
»iid the days of the Revolution it was a pUiee for public demonstrations, mass
meetfn^St etc. It Vk^as fenced in about 17B5, and an iron rail f^nce waa pro-
'vided m iSiii, with sates on the south, west and ea?it stdes»

The main the) ran gh fare was lower Broadway, Chatham Street (now Park
Row) and the Bowery. The shore line has been extended two or three hlncks
on either aide The King's Farm, which lay west of Broadway, between Wall
and Warren Streets, oTiginally belonf^ed to the West India Company and was
later granted, together with the Jans or Bogardus Farm north of Warren
Street < Excursion 11) to Trinitj Church* Many of the street names have »
direct connectbn with early residents.

INDEX TO HOLLAND MAP

G Meat Market

H Fly Marl^et.

I Peck's Market

K Oswego Market

O St* Paurs.

P Trinity.

Q St. George's Cliapel.

S New Dutch Church*

T Lutheran Church

V Calvinist Church.
W French Protestant Church.
X Quaker Meeting.

Y Presbyterian Meeting.
Z Baptist Meeting.
a Moravian Meeting.
b New Lutheran Meeting,

HISTORICAL GUIDE

ROUTE 5.

SECTION I.— CITY HALL PARK AND VICINITY.

(Figures refer to Plates X and XL, see also IX and XII).

Take Subway to Brooklyn Bridge or City Hall.

MALL®

CMAMBER.5 ST

•S

gM>*^y-

^>>

DiA^MAM OF

AND vmmrr

Plate X. Route 5.

C. K.

ANHATTAJ

T. City Hall, a fine example of the Italian Renaissance, John
McComb, Jr., architect* The foundation stone was laid on the site
of the olcl almshouse by Mayor Edward Livingston, September 20,
180,^, The front and j^ides are of Stockbridgt- (Mass.) marble, the
rear built of brownstonc from motives of economy; the common
assertion that it was due to the idea that the city would not extend
north of the building being untrue, as the city had already advanced
beyond Chatham Square, The building was first occupied by the city
government on July 4, 1810, althongh it was not completed until 1812,
in the mayoralty of DeWitt Clinton, Among the important events
celebrated here were the aooib anniversary of the discovery of Man*
hat tan by Henry Httd&on, Captain Hull's victory over the British
ship Guerriere, the %^sit of Lafayette in 1824, the opening of the Erie
Caual, November 4, 1825; the Croton Water opening, October 14,
1842; the laying of the Atlantic Cable, 1858 (at which time the
bnilding caught tire and was badly injured) ; the funeral of General
Worth, 1S57: the visit of Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, i860, and
the 250th anniversary of the City Charterj 1903. The builditxg is open
from 10 to 4; Sattirday 10 to 12.

Ascend the spiral staircase to the Governors* Room; see por-
traits of Washington and General James Clinton by Trnmbnll, Peter
Stuyvesant, Alexander Hamilton and governors from 1777; busts of
DeWitt Clinton and Henry Clay, a portrait of Washington woven in
silk; a section of Stuyvesant*s pear tree; punch bowl used at the Erie
Canal celebration ; battle flags of the Fir^t New York Regiment \
two desks of Washington and the furniture used in the former City
Hall by the Federal Congress (Excursion YH, 21 ). A good view
of the park and its surroundings may be obtained from the balcony.

The Aldermanic Chamber contains some portraits and a paint-
ing s3rmbolic of New York City^s commercial greatness* In the ad-
joining Committee Room are portraits of Harry Howard in the uni-
form of a Volunteer Fireman and of General McClellan. The old
Council Chatnber* now used by the Board of Estimate and Apportion-
ment, contains portraits of national celebrities.

On the ground floor are the Mayor's Reception Room contain-
ing portraits of Lafayette and of former mayors, and on the ceiling
plaster reproductions of seals of the United Slates, of New YqcWl
Slate and City from early days; the City LiTtor'a.Tii^^^QT^'^^'^'^^^'*^"^^^^^*^
volumes, some of great value, aud l\wi Bu'st^>x ^V '^'ax^^-a-'i?' Xj^t.vaxc^'*^ \

Route 5 HISTORICAL GUIDE City HaU

In the corridor see a marble tablet, erected in 1903, between and
descriptive of two tablets (originally on the roof) containing the
names of the architect, sculptor and of the building committee.
On the opposite wall note the Dutch and Federal standard yard
measure.

In the basement are the Marriage Room, Bureau of Licenses and
some rooms once used as prison cells when the Police Headquarters
were here.

Outside, beneath the Mayor's Window, see the tablet commemorat-
ing the reading of the Declaration of Independence to the army here,
in Washington's presence, July 9, 1776. (See painting of this event
in the New Amsterdam Theater, 214 West Forty-second Street).

A tablet in the sidewalk in front of the building marks the first
excavation for the Rapid Transit Tunnel in 1900; another tablet
in the City Hall Subway Station commemorates the opening of the
Tunnel in 1904. A portion of the tunnel of the once proposed Pneu-
matic Rapid Transit Railway, constructed in 1868, still remains un-
der Broadway along the Park.

The Bridewell or common jail, built in 1775, and used by the
British as a prison, stood between Broadway and the site of City
Hall. It was torn down in 1838, the stones being used to build the
old Tombs Prison. Its great lock and key are in the building of the
New York Historical Society.

2. The Statue of Nathan Hale, by Mac Monnie:s, near Broad-
way, opposite Murray Street, was erected by the Sons of the
Revolution. (Excursion V, Section 7.)

3. New York Post Office, the third building used in the city for
the purpose, built in 1875 oi^ P^rt of City Hall Park ceded in 1867
by the City to the National Government. Within the corridor, near
the western entrance, is a tablet erected in 1897 by the Mary Wash-
ington Colonial Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolu-
tion to commemorate the erection of the Liberty Pole and the Battle
of Golden Hill (see 33 and 38). One Liberty Pole stood on the City
Common about the middle of Mail Street and another stood near
Broadway at Warren Street

In the southeast corridor is a bust and memorial tablet in
"onor of Postmaster Pierson for his services in reforming the
t3} system,

Park

MANHATTAN

5 Boute

.4. Foiintainr erected about 1873 just north of the &ite of the

riginai fountain of 1842 which celebrated the opening of the

Croton Aqueduct,

Go north through the Park to

_ S The County Court House, on the site of the American In-

stitute^ in the upper stoxy of which was Scudder's Museum,

Chambers Street marks the Unc of the fortifications and British barracka
during the EEvolutlon^ a ncjfrd burying ground occupied the site of the SteWiirC
and Dutin Buildings on the east side of Broad way »

6, The brown stone building east of the Court House, now the
City Court, occupies the site of the Rotunda once tised for the city
post office, before 1845, and later an art gallery.

7. The new Hall of Records at Centre and Chambers Streets.
See the statues of Duane, Col den, Hone, Heathcotej Stuyvesant, De
Vries and Clinton by Philip Martiny; allegorical statues by Martiny
and Bush- Brown ■ groups representing the recording of the purchase
of Manhattan in 1626 and the consolidation of Greater New York,
1898, by Albert Weinert. The interior of the building is well worth a
visit. The Register will allow visitors to inspect the old city records
and maps dating back to Dutch days-

8* Site of the first Free School building of New York City in Ot-
tendorfer Square. It was erected in 1809 on what was then called
Tryon Row, corner of Chatham Street, near the new terminal of the
Brooklyn Bridge,

Go south along the edge of the Park to the
9. Tablet, erected in 1907 by the Mary Washington Colotiial
apLer of the Daughters of the American Revolution, on a granite
monument in the Park, nearly opposite the Brooklyn Bridge terminal,
marking the site of the old Register's Office which was built In I7SS
as a debtors* prison. It became the Provost or British military prison
during the Revolution and was the scene of great brutality to prison-
ers on the part of Provost-Marshall Cunningham. On the second
floor (called derisively "Congress Hall") were confined prisoners of
note, among them Ethan Allen. Beneath the building were four
gloomy dungeons. The building was torn down in 1903 to make way
for the Subwa3'» During its demolition coins, buttons and human
bones were found in the excavation.

Go doum Park Row
the line of the early road to Stuyvii^^TvV?^ '^onsct^ ^0^^^^^%v=s^ ^
Section 2}^ and later forming a portion ol ^X^e. ^^^N^ ^«3^^.

^T^

Park Kow

MANHATTAN

5 Route

10.* The Sun Building, orig^inally the first permanent building of
Tammany Hall (erected 1811), which had been organized at Borden's
Tavern in lower Broadway in 1789 and moved to '' Martling^s " (cor-
ner of Spruce and Nassau Streets) in 1798. In Tammany Hall the
political term '" Loco foco " originated in 1834,

Frankfort Street, *' Newspaper Alley," was named for the birth-
place of Jacob l.eisler who was executed for treason in 1691 on
his ow^n farm near by*

A fine view of all lower Manhattan and the Bay may be obtained
from the top of the tower in the World Building.

IT* Statue of Beniamin Franklin, designed by Plassman, and
presented in 1867 by Captain Albert de Groot to the printers and
press of New York.

12. Statue of Horace Greeley, founder of the "New York Tri-
bune *' (designed by Ward and presented to the city in i8go) near
the Tribune Building.

13. Statues of Franklin and Gutenberg on tHe front of the
fStaats Zeitung'' Building, Spruce and William Streets.

JjL The Vineyard Lot oecupied tbe block between Park Rowt Naasau and
Bcckmaii Streets, and the btoek bt-lovf ivas called the Goi/erm/r's Ctjrden be-
er ^u^ie^ puTcha<tCti by (lovumor l>orii^an in iti^s^

Tbe oM Times and Polter Bin! clings art cut the site of tbe Brick Fnrsby-
igrian Church, byilt lu t^fiS; used during tbe Revolution ^s a. British priiion
and moved about 1854 to Thirty-seventh Street and Fiflb Avenue. (ELxcuiiiiot]
V, Sectiun 4:2 >.

On tbe block directly sputh is the site o{ the first Ctititon Halt (i83o}» an
early bottie of the Mercantitcr Library^ (Excursion llt^ Section ij.

IS* Dolan*s Restaurant, 33 Park Row, contains a model of the
buildings on this block as they stood about 1800, including the
present structures at 33^ ^4^ ^S Park Row, the comer being then
known as Love Joy's Hotel. It also shows the Park Theatre jnst be-
low, the site now covered by the B^tk How Building, 13- 1? Park
Row. The theatre was erected in 1708* burned in 1820, rebuilt in
1821 and again burned in 1848. In 1842 a ball was given here fa
honor of Charles Dicktns.

16. Theatre Alley, joining Beekman and Ann Streets, was the
^age passagtf to the Park Theatre* The restaurant kitchen here was
laundry of Lovejoy's Hotel

I?, Site nf Barnum*s Museum, built m 1842 anrl burnt down in j86s, was
where novif stands ihe Natiorm! Park Rank at Brtjadway and i\tu\ ^\s'<cK!yfe^ '^^tSi
Lo^w Bridge was tret'ted across Broadway bX Y^Xvwtv *ii:j\tttV \vi ^"^^^i ^^ <^
|tedKtrian4f but was taken down the titxl yc^t ^y tiaMTt '^^^^'> -J^^^^sT^xV-
iit i&j l^uUon Street cpntaiua a tiurabcr ot latt ^t\inVa ^ ^^ 1^^^ ^^

Route 6

HISTORICAL GUIDE

ROUTE 6.

SECTION II.— ST. PAUUS TO WALL STREET.

i8. St. Paul's Chapel, corner of Vesey Street, the oldest church
structure in Manhattan, built by McBean, 1764-66 (the steeple not
until 1794). The interior was modeled after that of St. Martins-in-
the-Fields, London. Note on the pediment the statue of St. Paul.

See within the church the pews of Washington and Governor
George Clinton, the original sounding board over the pulpit and
several tablets. In the Trinity Corporation Building at the foot of
the yard may be seen a number of interesting historical relics and
pictures.

A.
B.
C
D.
E.

Plate XII. C, K.

Index to Monuments, St. Paul's Churchyard
General Richard Montgomery.
Dr. Wm. James McNeven (cenotaph).
Cooke, the actor.

Sieur de Roche Fontaine (aide to Rochambeau).
Francis Dring (earliest inscription, 1767).
Thomas Addis Emmett (see west face of cenotaph, latitude
•md longitude of New York).

HTashington's pew.

hveroor George Clinton's pew.

cge MANHATTAN 6 Route

19. Astor House, north of St. Paul's, one of the oldest New
York bote Is, built 1834- jS ;ind the temporary home of many famous
men. The building stands on the site of tbe old Spring Garden and
Drove/s Inn or Bull's Head Tavent and was once the property of
J. J. Astor, J. C Coster and David Lydig. It is still in the Astor
estate.

The first substantial sidewalks of New York were laid on the
west side of Broadway between Vesey and Murray Streets about 1787.

Go west on Barclay Street to

2.Q. St Peter's Church, southeast corner of Church Street, the
oldest Roman Catholic Church build mg in Manhattan* established in
1786; rebuilt 1838-9 and recently remodeled. Note the Latin inscrip-
tion under the cornice and the statue of St, Peter.

Co up Church and west on Murray Street to

21. Tablet at the southeast corner of Murray Street and West
Broadway, marking the site of King's College tract which extended
west of Broadway, between Murray and Barclay Street and sloped
down to the river which then came up to Greenwich Street. The
college grounds proper covered much less territory (Plate IX). This
large open space aided in stopping the progress of the great fire of
1776. King's College w^as chartered in i75A, sessions beginning July
of that year in the school-house of Trinity Church, Dr. Samuel
Johnson, the President^ being at first thcj sole instructor. The cor-
ner stone of the building was laid in 1756 and tlie college was first
occupied in 1760. During the Revolution the building was dismantled
and used by both armies as barracks and a hospital In 1784 it was
reopened as Columbia College, DeWitt Clinton, nephew of the Gov-
ernor, entering as the first student.

Dr, Afithon*s Grammar School, . founded in 1764 as the preparatorjr depart-
ment, after the Revi^lutlon occupied ihc Murray Street side and the main
entrance was frqin Roll in son Slrrct (Park Place) which was cut thronj^h the
grounds in 1S56, the year before the College mQ,ved up town. (Excursion V*
Scclion 4i7}»

Greenwich Street wa* the shore Jine until about 1760 and & road ran north
frtim it lo Greenwich Village, passing Vauxhatt, a favorite public garden of
the ^nglUh period* lying between \Varren and Chambers Streets^ The first
elevated railroad in the world was built on this street in 1866-7, running from
the Battery to Thirtietii Street The experimental power was a cable.

Go south on West Broadway to Vesey Street.

West Bboadwav, College Place or Clu^^el Street was widened awl qkA.

thfougb to Ves<*y Street in iSgs and lower Church SUetV -«a.^ mjVwcx*,^ -a^s^^
called NifVf Chmrch about 1875. The Hne ot \.Vit ioxirev^t ^"^^^^^v.^^
determined by the Elevated R. R, piUars otv vW ^ti^\ ^^"^'^v.T^^
formerly r»ti uiu/cr the houses bctwttu BaT:Q\ai Sktv'i H^v^^ -^vtv^xa-

Route 6 HISTORICAL GUIDE W. of Broadway

22. Washington Market, successor to the Bear Market, corner
of Vesey and Washington Streets, West Washington Market, formerly
on the river front, is now part of Gansevoort Market. The high
lands nearby were leveled and the shore line filled in about 1787 to
1790. See old houses on Vesey Street opposite the market.

Go south on Greenwich to Thames Street.

On Cortlandt Street and Broadway was a Dutch windmill in early days,
hence its old name of Windmill Lane; and at the foot of Cortlandt Street was
the slip of Fulton's first steam ferry (1812) to Paulus Hook.

See old buildings near Albany and Carlisle Streets.

Go east on Thames Street and north on Trinity Place to Cedar

Street, passing

old house at 17 Thames Street and

22. An old city well on Trinity Place, corner of Thames Street.

24. Old Tom's Chop House, 118 Cedar Street, successor to the
original Old Tom's of Thames and Temple Streets, established about
1790. The old pewter, steins and china are still in use and English
customs are observed.

Return to Thames Street and go east to Broadway, passing

25. Tablet, Thames Street side of 113 Broadway, site of the
de Lancey House, built in 1700, later the Province Arms, or Burns'
Coffee House, and replaced by the City Hotel in 1806. This is said to
have been the scene of the signing of the Non-Importation Agree-
ment, October 31, 1765, but there is authority for believing that this
took place at 9 Broadway. (Excursion VII :i).

Thames Street was the carriage way to the de Lancey stables.

MANHATTAN 7 Route

ROUTE 7.

SECTION III-WALL STREET TO FRANKLIN SQUARE.
Take Subway to Wall Street. Go east on Cedar Street, passing

26. The site of the Scotch Presbyterian Church, built about 1760, nearly
opposite the Clearings House, between Broadway and Nassau Street^. The
latter street was first at Teunis de Kay's cartway from Wall Street, passing
around Federal Hall; it was opened in 1696, and the upper end was called
Kip Street for Jacob Kip. Note copies of the City, State and National Seals
on the Clearing House.

•27. The tablet on the Mutual Life Building, northeast corner
of Nassau and Cedar Streets, marks the site of the Middle Dutch
Church, built 1727-32; this was used by the British as a riding acad-
emy and prison and served as a post office from 1845 to 1875. The
old bell, made in Amsterdam and given by de Peyster, is now at the
Collegiate Church, at Fifth Avenue and Forty-eighth Street. (Ex-
cursion V, Section IV :5). It is said that Franklin tried some of his
kite experiments from the belfry of the old building. Just behind,
at 34 Liberty Street, stood the Livingston Sugar House, another
Revolutionary prison.

28. Site of the French Church du St. Esprit (Excursion VTT, 13 and Ex-
cursion V, Section 11:39), erected 1703-4 at 18-20-22 Pine Street and also
used as a military prison.

Go north on Nassau and west on Liberty Street

29. The Chamber of Commerce, 65 Liberty Street (admission
only through a member's card), contains a fine collection of portraits
of old New York merchants, a Stuart portrait of Washington and
many interesting relics and curios. Note in front the statues of
Alexander Hamilton, John Jay and De Witt Clinton. On this site
once stood the Friends' Meeting House.

Go up Liberty Place, formerly called Little Green Street, to Nassau
Street, then descend the hill to Maiden Lane and walk east
to Pearl Street.
Aaron Burr's law office was at 73 Nassau Street.

Maiden Lane, Maagde Paatje, was one of the three oldest streets north
of the Wall, being the route between Road to the Ferry and Broadway. The
streets between it and Broadway were laid out about 1690. A brook ran
along the line of this street from the vicinity of Broadway, as may still be
seen by the hollow marking the neighborhood and by the old arches in base-
ments near Nassau Street, built over a drain to carry off the water. Some
say the banks of this brook were a favorite bleaching ground of the Dutch
maidens, others that Maiden Lane was an old lover's path. At the ed5«!^ ^^
the East River, near Pearl Street, in Dutch days was iVv^^ ?.vcC\'Ccv:«5 <2»''^ ^«a^vv'e^>aa»
Cloppcrs, giving the name Smit's Vly (vaWev") Xo \.Vv\?> \owvV\\.^ . "^^"^^ ,S^ J^^ V
house with a crowstep roof at 57 Maiden V.aLWt, otv V\vt ^^^-^ '^^ vw'=>'wv
fcrson's New York lioiiie.

Route 7 HISTORICAL GUIDE East of

30. The Fly Market once occupied the block east of Pearl Street, and after
the filling-in process was complete two other markets occupied the additioiial*
blocks to the east. All were torn down about 1821. Its successor is th«
modern Fulton Market.

Go down Pearl Street

Pearl Street, de Perel Straat, the Strand or the Road to the Ferry (some*
times called Dock and Queen Street) marks the former shore line on the East
River and was the road from the Fort to the Brooklyn Ferry, near Fulton
Street.

31. Revolutionary cannon, northeast corner of Pearl and Pine
Streets. Aaron Burr once lived at 10 Cedar Street. The old De
Peyster house, at 168 Pearl Street, was the residence of Governor
George Clinton in 1789.

Return to Liberty and north on Gold Street, climbing old Rutgers

Hill and passing some quaint old buildings. Go east on

Piatt Street to see an old house at 208 Pearl Street

Return on Piatt Street to William Street, passing

32. The Jack-Knife, northwest corner of Piatt and Gold
Streets, an old house once used as a tavern which was so changed
in shape by the cutting through of Piatt Street (by Jacob S. Piatt in
1834) as to merit its name. It is best seen from near the William
Street corner.

Go up William Street to

ZZ. Golden Hill Inn, 122-4 William Street, built over 150 years

ago of brick from Holland. It was the favorite meeting place of the

Sons of Liberty (see 38). Washington Irving lived at the site of

126 (or 131) William Street, and Lafayette at 90 William Street

Go west on John Street to

34. John Street M. E. Church, the oldest Methodist Church
in New York. The original building occupied the same site and was
erected in 1768; rebuilt in 1817 and 1841. The church was organized
in a sail loft at 120 William Street by Barbara Heck, Philip Embury
and Captain Webb. Within may be seen a number of interesting
relics, including a clock given by Charles Wesley and tablets to
Captain Webb, S. H. Hadley and others. The tablet outside gives
the dates of the several structures.

35. The site of the John Street Theatre (called the " Royal " in the
Revolution and the " National " afterward) was at 15-21 John Street.
It was built between 1750 and 1760 and here Major Andre performed

rtual plays during the Revolution. " Hail Columbia " was. first
here, in the presence of Washington by Fyles, its composer,
this theatre Joseph Jefferson made his first appearance. See
aule at // John Street, once an et\Uat\c^ to the theatre.

Broadway MANHATTAK 7 Route

Co north on Nassau to Fulton Street; then west to

36. Tablet, 136 Fulton Street, erected in 1883 by veterans of
the Seventh Regiment to commemorate the Shakespeare Tatfern, built
before the Revolution, a favorite headquarters for actors and the
scene of the organization of the Seventh Regiment, August 25, 1S24.

Go east on Fulton Street.

37* Fulton Street Prayer Meeting (No. 113) site of the

North Dutch Church, built in 1769 and used as a British prison. The

bell once hanging in the North Church tower now stands in the

churchyard at Twenty-ninth Street and Fifth Avenue, (Excursion V.,

Section 2: 41).

The first Firemen's Hall, built in ijfSS, was east of the church, at the cor*
ncr oi WUliam Street.

Go up WiUiam to Atm Street.

3S. Tablet, northeast corner of Ann and William Streets^
marks the site of the street fight of Golden Hill (so called from a.
wheat field here) between the Sons of Liberty and British soldiers,
in defence of the Liberty Pole, January 17, 1770, — the first bloodshed
of the Revolution (see 3 and ^^), Note the old building opposite
and the court and old style rear buildings at 59 Ann Street.

Return to Fulton Street and go east.

39, Ryder*s Alley, connecting Fulton and Gold Streets, is a
relic of the old days. The old United States Hotel (" Holt*s Folly'*),
corner of Fulton and Pear! Streets, on the site of the United States
Arcade, has been recently demolished. Several old houses may be seen
near Uie ferry^ at the foot of Fulton Street

Go north on CUif Street to

45. The St. George Building on the northwest corner of Beek-
man Street, on the site of the first St. George's Church (1748- 1 852),
now* on East Sixteenth Street. The original desk, pulpit and chancel
rails are now in the church at Manhasset, L* 1.

The old £hi>t tc-wer, erected i8g8, was taken dowti in 1907.

41, Tablet at Clifif and Ferry Streets, (Schieren Building)
erected Oct. 27, 1906, under the auspices of the Hide and Leather
Association of New York to commemorate the old Swam^, tew t^s^-
cavating for the building old tan -vats wtte lo\i^i Vtv tv %qcA ^\-^v^ ^^
preservatJoih

Route 7 HISTORICAL GUIDE £ast ol

John Haberding (or Harpendinck) with some fellow tanners
bought in 1695, "The Shoemaker's Pasture," a district covering
several blocks between Maiden Lane and Ann Street, east of Broad-
way. Here they carried their tanneries from the old tan pits near
Beaver Street ; later Haberding, having given his share of the Pasture
to the Middle Church, they removed to the ** Leather Swamp " above
Beekman Street, near Gold Street, which district still retains the name
of " The Swamp." The Vandercliff Farm lay northeast of Shoe-
maker's Pasture and gave the name to Cliff Street.

Go east on Ferry Street to Peck Slip.

42. Tablet at 8-10 Peck Slip, erected by General Society of
Mayflower Descendants in 1904 to commemorate the warehouse of
Isaac Allerton, a Mayflower Pilgrim who was Governor Bradford's
assistant at Plymouth.

43. Revolutionary cannon at southwest corner of Water Street
and Peck Slip.

Go north on Pearl Street to

44. Site of the Walton House, 324-^26 Pearl Street (built 1754, torn down
188 1 ), the magnificence of which is said to have led to the enactment of tHe
Stamp Act.

45. Tablet, on Brooklyn Bridge pier at the east side of Frank-
lin Square, erected in 1899 by the Mary Washington Colonial Chap-
ter, Daughters of the American Revolution, to mark the Franklin
House, home of Walter Franklin, a merchant, at i Cherry Street,
built 1770, and occupied as the first presidential mansion by Wash-
ington. Another prominent resident was Samuel Osgood, first Post-
master General, who had married Franklin's widow. The house was
torn down in 1856.

Franklin Square was named in 1817 by the Board of Aldermen for
Benjamin Franklin.

This district was formerly called Cherry Hill, named for the cherry orchard
of Mayor Thos. Dclancey, 1666-71, or for the Cherry Garden, established about
1664 by Richard Sackett as a rival to the Dutch gardcMi at Chatham Square*
At 5 Cherry Street John Hancock once lived, and here \Vm. Tweed carried on
the trade of a cigar-maker.

At 7 Cherry Street stood the house of Samuel T.e.cRott, president of the
New York Gaslight ^Company, where gas was first used in tne city in 1835.
At 17 Cherry Street lived Samuel C. JRcid, who designed the present American
flag. Gotham Court (19 Cherry) and Blindman's Alley (26 Cherry) were in
/h}s neij^hhorhood, which is one of the most crowded and poorly housed districts
■w tAe city.

Broadway MANHATTAN 7 Route

Go up Cherry to Koosevelt Street.

Through Roosevelt Street once ran Old Wreck Brook, thought by
Innes to have been named for the wreck of Adrian Block's ship, the
Tiger. (Excursion VII :i6.) This brook led from the Collect Pond
(vicinity of the Tombs) and helped drain Beekman's Swamp. The
bridge crossing this brook at Park Row was one of three " Kissing
Bridges." See old houses at 98-96 and 88-86 Roosevelt Street.

Pass under the Elevated Railroad to New Chambers Street and south
on Rose Street.

46. Tablet and barred window on the Rhinelander Building,
the latter once in the old Cuyler, later Rhinelander Sugar House
which was built in 1763 and torn down 1892. Some of the original
blocks of stone surround the doorway. It is claimed that the old
building was used as a Revolutionary prison.

Go west on Duane Street to Park Row and back to City Hall.

Chatham Garden once fronted on Park Row (old Chatham Street) and ex-
tended north from New Chambers Street. The high ground in the vicinity
was once called Catimut's Windmill or Fresh Water Hill. There was a wind-
mill here in 1662, north of Duane Street.

NOTES

<57

Greenwich

MANHATTAN^

Route

GREENWICH VILLAGE AND LISPENARD^S MEADOWS.

Bibliograi>hy,
Works by Ulmann^ Hemslreet and Wilson mentioned in Excursion

vir.

*^ Historic New York/' (papers on " Annetjc Jans' Farm," '* Old
Wells," and "Old Greenwich/')

** In Old New York," (chapters on ** Greenwich Village,'' and
" Lispenard's Meadows '^) hy Janvier.

*' When Old New York was Young/* (chapters on " Greenwich
Village/* "The Inland Road to Greenwich," and "The Mouse Trap/')
by Hemstreet

ROUTE a

SECTION L— GREENWICH VILLAGE.

West Fourteenth Street to Spring Street.

(Figures refer to Plates XIV, XVI; see also Plate XIII),

GftEEHWiCH Village ia the site of the oldest settlement of white tncti on Man-^
hattiin after that formed around Tort Amsterdjim, Its boundaries are, roughly,
ihc North River, West Fourteentb Street and tbe^ line of the old Minctta
Brook, tbc east branch of wbifb rose in Madison Sguare. crossed Washington
SquHTCi ran throogh Uic line of Mitietta tind Downing Streets, and flowed tnto
the North River jusst north of Charlton Street tsee Plate XXI>*

Tbe ori|rinal Greenwich was of muc:h smaller cotm^ass. eori:Ustiiig of a few
tiouaeji located between the old Indian village of Sapf>okiinirtin (east of the
present Ganse%'oort Market) and the present Christopher Street, and was built
up chiefly around the foot of the Jailer street.

Sappok^nican was ealled the Bo^seti B&uwfriie (Farm in the Woods) in
1633, when Governor Van TwjJler estahlished a tobacco jilantation often called
by itj$ old Indian nanie^ It i$ mentioned in the Journal of Dankers and
Smyter in 1679* Because of its health fulness and ferlility, it was a popular
filace of settknient. It received the name of trreenwich in the early piirt of
the eighteenth century. Among the early residenla uf prominence were Cap-
tain* later Admiral, Sir Pettr Warren, Oliver He Lancey (Warren's brother-
in-law)* Commia.sary Mortier, William Bayard, James Jauncey and George
Clinton. ^ ^ . ,

During the early part of the nineteenth century this section ot the city
became a refuge from the plagues of yellow fever and cholera, and was rapidly
buiit up, * , , 4. c

The dovetailing of the new city plan of 1B07-11 on the old line of streets
In Greenwich Village f^avc rise to some curious complications^ such as the
crossing of Tenth and Eleventh Streets by Fourth Street, etc. This new niau,
tOMether with changes about Washington Square, brought Greenwich into closer
umon wiili the rest of the citVt atthongh its individuality is &tdl very marked.
It 19 <>ftcn tailed the Old Nmth or ihe American Word. ■ ^ ^.^ ^^^

The ufiginal short lin^' of this acclion w^^ \^isX ^t^X ia\ i^xcA.v\^vei\ ™^^^
which y.J a Bhore foad to Grwowkh Vm^^t, i^aftJ&vVv^ »iK*^w:4A.t.i. wx ^^-^

THE NEW YOEX
PUBLIC LIBRARY

AS'iOH, I.k-NOX AND

fILBhtN K*>UNDa:!'"'NS

P L

;rrcenwicii

<oute

Start at West Fourteenth Street and Tenth Avenue; 7va!k soutk

1, Gansevoort Market, just %vest of the site of Sappokanican
(** carrying place''), the Indian village where Hudson is supposed]
to have stopped to trade in 1609.

The market oceupiF5» filled-in groumi^^ the Qrig^inifil shore-line makiirtg a sharp
turn to the fast at Bank Street, forming a. bay into which pruject{:d a pmnt
of land oti which Fort Ganjev^iort was located- Tbe fort^ which was named in
honor of Central Peter Gansevoort, an officer in Washltiglon's army, was built
in this vicinity tn protett the river front during the Vv'ar of i8i:a and was
torn down in 1S5].

See the Sign of the Goose facing Gansevoort ("goose") Mar-
ket at 819 Washington Street,

West Washington Market was tiioved here from Vesey Street.

2, The old Oyster Market lies just west along the river front,
which is usually lined at this point with antiquated river craft.

Go up Horatio Street to Jackson Square.

Pass old houses at $s, 19-U and 7 Horatio Street and 345 West
Fourth Street.

3, 126 Greenwich Avenue, opposite Jackson Square; see C. H.
Britting*s large and unique collection of theatre posters, pro-
grams, etc., dating back to 1805.

Go down Eighth Avenue to Abingdon Square,

33 Jane Street is tlse aiCe of WUliam Bayard^s konst in whicli Alexander
Hamilton died.

Abingdon Square waa named for the Countess of Ahintfdon, Admiral War-
ren's daughter.

J, The ii'arren Estate embraced much of the land in this vicinity. The site
of th«r H'tirren JIONse (home of Admiral Sir Peter Warren, who aided in the
capture of Louisbourg in 1745) was on the block bounded by West Fourth,
Charles, Uleecker and Perry Streets^ Thi^ property was purehasied by Mr. Van

remains on what is called Vanncst Place (Charles from Bleecker to West
Fourth StrcctJ»

Christopher Street waa called Skinner Road for one of Sir Peter Warren*i
sons'in-law.

100 yards east of EiEbth Avenue was the original FUsray Road, named for
another son-in-law. Lord Fitzroy, created Baron Somhampton in 1780. ^ ("lanse-
voort Street was once called SauthamptQn or Great KUt Raad^ (Plate XXI and
Route 16.)

4. The BarrackSp a building at the southeast corner of Bank

and Bleecker Streets, the upper part b^ing the original prison for

sailors taken frotn the captured British man-of-war Peacock during

the War of j8i2 (for brief account see framed clippings in the

buildmg).

Go west on Bank to West Street

B»nk Street was so tailed from the hanks which removed from dowutoHntv

aud locared here during the yellow fever e^tidemw o? \i«i^. ^><i>t^twi^ ^::a'3p^5».

Clinton lived at the site of no Bank Sireti, l\ie i,tt>uuAA iScittv ^V>vivt»% ^a ^cc«&

HISTORICAL GUIDE

lANHATtl

?oute

6. Tablet on west side of West Street in front of Piers 49-50,
marking the widening and general improvement of West Street
in 1S97*

Go dawn IVejt to Tcnih Sireei.

7. Site of the ^rst New York State Frisan (near foot of West Tenth Streel),
built in 1796; remowcd to Sing Sinj^ iSj9J the foundation srones are incor-
porated in the walla of the brewery now occupjyitig the site (jtiit Inside and
east of the Tenth Street driveway)* In 181 1 Green^fii-h HQtei wan on Green-
wich Street near the prison; stages went from this point to the City Hall on
Wall Street five times a day.

Log rafts were formerly anchored off shore, and a market was lo-
cated here in 1804. On November 4* 1825, the procession of vessels
brought through the Erie Canal stopped at the dock near the Prison
where it was met by the city officials and proceeded to the navy yard,
where national officials were taken on board and the fleet continued
to the Lower Bay, where was performed the ceremony of wedding the
lakes to the sea.

S. Old houses on Weehawken Street possibly built before 1767
and plotted on the Ratzer Map of 1766-7 (Plate XVI L) One of
the houses w^as once the station of the N. Y. C and IL R, R, R.
Go east on IVest Tenth Street, passing

Old houses at 24S {rear alley) and 246 West Tenth Street.
Co back to Hudson Street and soiHh to Groz^e Street.

9. St- Luke's (a chapel of Trinity) w^as built here 1821-4 (see
tablet); the building next door to the old chapel was a Home
for Aged Couples^ now at West One Hundred and Twelfth
Street,

TO. The old Grove Street School (P. S. No. 3) is the third
oldest public school in New York. It was destroyed by fire in
1905. The new building is marked by a tablet (the gift of C. R.
Lamb> one of the old '^ boys ") to commemorate Lafayette's visit
in 1824 to the original school, which had been ^' selected as the best
example of the public school system as established by the Free
School Society of the City of New York." Grove street (called
successively Co^ne, Columbia and Burrows Street) was widened and
partly straightened in 1836.
Go east on Barrow and through Commeree Streets to Bedford Street.

II. The Broderick House is at the southw^est corner of Bar-
row? and Commerce Streets.

Washington lrving*s sister lived at 15 Couwu^xtt 'bN.it^^.
G0 down Bedford to Mortou Street.

Route 8 HISTORICAL GUIDE Greenwich

12. The old Bedford Street Methodist Church, corner of Mor-
ton Street, was founded in a carpenter's shop near by in 1805; the
original church was built in 1810 and rebuilt on the same site in
1840. Bishop Asbury and Freeborn Garretson preached in this
church. Note several old buildings near by on Bedford and
Morton Streets.

Go west on Morton to Washington Street.

13- 95 Morton Street is the former country house of General
Morton, opposite which was " Mr. Williamson's garden ** mentioned
in Washington's diary. See other old houses in the vicinity.

Go hack to Hudson Street and south to

14. Hudson Park, occupying the site of St. John's Cemetery,
which was converted into a park (formerly called St. John's) in
1898. See the Firemen's Monument and tablets; the pool and
fountain are in the French-Italian style of the 17th Century.

Cross the Park to Carmine Street.

It is a neighborhood tradition that during the Draft Riots negroes were
hanged from the lamp-post on Clarkson, near Carmine Street.

15. See old-time houses at 54, 59 and 61 Downing Street.

Return to Varick Street and go south.

Many old-fashioned houses remain on Varick Street, between
Charlton and Carmine Streets, on Charlton, Van Dam and Spring
Streets, and on Hudson at Watts Street.

The Zandtberg or Richmond Hill originally occupied this region (see Plate
XIII). The Indians called this Ishpatanau or Bad Hill.

16. The site of Richmond Hill Mansion is on the block bounded by King,
Varick, Charlton and McDougal Streets, but the house was finally removed to
34-38 Charlton Street. It was built by Abraham Mortier, Commissary of the
British Army in 1760 and occupied by Lord Amherst, Sir William Carleton,
Cicneral Washington (1776), Vice-President Adams (1789) and Aaron Burr;
later it was used as a theatre and then became a roadhouse.

17. The Spring Street Church, at Spring and Varick Streets,
was erected in 1835, its predecessor of 181 1 having been built of
material from the old First Church in Wall Street (Excursion
VTI:2o). Spring Street (formerly Brannon Street) was so called
from the natural well which was the scene of an early tragedy.

18. In 1755 Brannon Garden occupied the corner at Spring and Hudson
Streets, the neighborhood being known as Lower Greenwich, ,

^^^ ras/ on Sprinf^ Street and return by Sixih Avenue Elevated R. R.
/ro//i Cratid Street, or continue on E.xcv\ts\ou, io\\o^\\\% ^ovAs. ^

(Redrawn) C K,

Plate XV» Jans or Bogakdus Fakm ; Later the Cwcrch Fabm
^^'rom ** In Old New York.*' By ponnisaicm. Copyright, 1S54, by
^B Harper & Grns.

H ROUTE g.

H SECTION IL LISPENARD'S MEADOWS.

^H Broaditmy and Canal Street to the North River.

^» (Figures refer to Plate XVT; see aho XV).

Tfic Annwfje Jans Farmt grunted in ifijs to Rdelof Janssen, consisted of 62
Durrei lyftigf lietw*?cn the uresem Warren and Catial Strcefs, west of Brnadway.
Rut^ltifft widow. Aniictje. married! poniJnit* Tloj^atdws, whence the later name
—the Boisrardus Farm ht the ll^minie'R Bowwerie, It was sold to Governor
jnvclact in 1670, ccinliscated hy tht^ Unke of York in 1674, a^nd called sue-'
ce*Aivcly the r>ul<***i Farm, the King's Farm atid the Queen s Farnit ^antil, in
17«*$. Oticrn Anne granted it in perpetuity to Trinity Church, when It vmha
c-^nrd tTie Chnrch Farm. Most of it b stiti Trinity mcvv^nN ^T.t.^ii\ ^>^t v^^^^
crd''d hv the cnrjioration to the city for strt:t\* &t\ft S\. '^miVtC^ S^^'^^i ?*S

recrivfd ofhtT ^*^r.inf5 north to ChristDpHcr Strttl^ "wtUv^vww. \^^t O)? lf\%.7

^ ~ Ce/fitf, nnrfh of C^atiaT Street. )\x^\ Wvoivd *a^ ^-^vt ZonAVbcTi V*^
:^i-'ngtiih d^ys as Richmond Hiil* t\6 a\jQN^>>

Route 9 HISTORICAL GUIDE Lispenard'i

The Kalch Hoek was a promontory projecting into a swampy region jusi
east and northeast of the Farm," which was finally drained in 1730 by Anthon]
Rutgers. His daughter married Leonard Lispenard, wHence the names Lis
penard's (Lepner's) Meadows, Lispenard and Leonard Streets.

The Rutgers Mansion was at Thomas Street and Broadway, and about th<
iniddle of the i8th Century became the center of Ranelagh Garden, The Ncti
York Hospital, completed 1775, occupied about the same site.

A canal, constructed through these meadows, on the line of Canal Street,
after the City Plan of 1807 was adopted, drained the Collect Pond, which wa«
at Centre Street (see Route 12). A sewer now carries the drainage of th<
original springs in the middle of the island. A stone bridge crossed the canal
at Broadway.

The small park at West and Canal Streets was once called Suicide Slip.

Go east on Canal Street to West Broadway and north to

19. St. Alphonsus' Church, near Grand Street, 312 West Broad-
way (formerly Laurens Street), on the site of the Lafayette Amphi-
theatre, built in 1826 and named in honor of Lafayette after his sec-
ond visit to America. In the Amphitheatre was held the celebration
ball of the Erie Canal opening.

Continue west on Canal to Laight Street, thence west on Laight to

Varick Street.
See old houses on the triangular block bounded by Canal,
Laight and Varick Streets.

20. St. John's Chapel, 46 Varick Street, built in 1803-7, called
St. John's in the Fields was once the center of a fashionable neigh-
borhood. St. John's is the third oldest church edifice yet standing on
Manhattan, being antedated by St. Paul's Chapel (1764-6) and St.
Mark's Church (1795-9). The key of the chapel may be obtained from
the sexton at the house on the south. The galleries, columns and
pulpit are original. The bell, clock and iron fence were brought
from London. On Saturday morning may be seen the Leake Dole of
Bread, established in 1800.

It faces the site of St. John's Park, laid out as a private park in 182 1, but
sold to the N. Y. and Hudson River R. R. Co., for a freight station in 1865.
Around the Park lived a number of well-known citizens, including Alexander
Hamilton and General Schuyler.

See quaint old St. John's Lane and York Street behind the

church.

Go down Varick and west on Beach Street.

21. The small triangular Park at Beach Street and West
Broadway is a reminder of the Annetje Jans Farm.

22. Home of John Ericsson, 36 Beach Street. On the roof
may be seen a small house in which he carried out experiments.

Go up Hudson Street, passing
veral old houses with high stoops, iron railings and newel posts.

IAnhati

coite

2;^, Commemorative pediment m tlie Hudson Street front of
the N» Y, C. & H. R. R, R, freight statiorii to honor the railway
achievements of Vanderbilt.

Ga west on Huberi to West Street,

34. Thc' North Fort, erected during the War o£ 1S12, was located at the foot
of Hubert Street.

The site of IVashimgt&H's taHditig in 1775 wa* on West Street, south of
Laigbt Slret^L, furmcriy marked by a bronze tablet

Plate XVL Routes 8, g.

C. K.

HISTORICAL GUIDE Washington

ROUTE 10.

SECTION III —WASHINGTON SQUARE AND VICINITY;
(Figures refer to Plate XIV).

Take Fifth Avenue bus to Washington Square; or Eighth Street car

west from Astor Place Subway Station to Fifth Avenue

and walk south to

25. Washington Square (9 acres); the Potter's Field, 1789-
1823; made a park in 1827 and improved 1870-1. Art Street (Astor
Place) and Monument Lane (named for an obelisk to the memory
of General Wolfe, hero of Quebec, 1759, erected at a point near
Fifteenth Street and Eighth Avenue), now Greenwich AVenue, met
just north of Washington Square. These streets are the only remain-
ing parts of the Inland Road to Greenwich, connecting with the Bow-
ery. The Greenwich Avenue portion was the line of retreat of Sulli-
van's Brigade and Knox's Artillery, September 15, 1776, Aaron Burr
being their guide (Route 19, Battle of Harlem Heights.) Note on
map difference in the method of laying out and designating the
streets north, south and west of Washington Square (see introduc-
tion to Route 8).

The Washington Memorial Arch replaced a temporary arch
built in 1889 at the time of the centennial of Washington's inau-
guration. The present arch, designed by Stanford White, was erected
1890-5 by popular subscription at a cost of $128,000.

The heroic Statue of Garibaldi, by Giovanni Turini, was pre-
sented in 1888 by Italian residents in New York. The colossal
bust of Alexander L. HoUey, inventor of Bessemer steel, by J. Q.
A. Ward, was erected in 1890 at the expense of Engineers of
Europe and America.

The New York University Building, facing the Square at the

east, stands on the site of the original Gothic structure built

1832-5 and torn down 1894-5 to make way for the present building

which is used by the Schools of Law, Pedagogy, Commerce, etc.

the old building Morse painted and experimented with his tele-

lic apparatus. Draper wrote and perfected his invention of

aguerreotype and Colt invented the revolver named for him.

Go down West Broadway to West Third Street.

3ee old buildings at 60-58 West Third Street and the sign of
^The Black Cat" (formerly designating a popular French res-
^urant) at 351 West Broadway.

Square

lANHATf?

Go Wffsi on West Third Street.

toite

West Third Street, originally Amity Street, was an old-time
fashionable thoroughfare, among the residents on which were
Governor Lucius Robinson and Judge Grosbeck^ See several old
residences with ornamental doorways, iron railings and newel posts,
now Italian and negro tenements*

26. St, Clement's Churchy loS West Third Street, contains an
organ built for St. John's Chapel In 1^14. It was captured by the
British and ransomed for $2,000. In 1851 it was rebuilt and placed
bere. The only vault in St, Clement's is that in which are the
remains of John Pintard, the founder of the New York Historical
Society, and those of all his kinsmen removed by him from the
old French graveyard on Pine Street.

Go down McDougal Street one block, east on Minetta Lane and down '
Minetta Street.

27. Through Minetta Street once ran Minetta Water, or Brook,
called by the Dutch Bestavaar's Killetje, ** Grandfather's little creek "
(see Plate XXI* Route 14). Note the curious old houses and angles
here and on Minetta Place.

Go west on Bleecket to Christo^hef Stfeet

Bleecker Street was originally called Herring Street for the oldj
farm of the Herring family. Pass several rows of old dwellings oill
Bleecker and Carmine Streets.

28. Home of Tom Paine, at 309 (some say 393) Bleecker Street,
where he lived with Mme, Bonneville. He died at the site of 59
Grove Street Barrow Street was called Reason Street (later
Raism Street) for Paine's *^ Age of Reason '* by the Commission-
ers who designed the City Plan of 1807.

The Comnussianer's OMce was at the northeast corner of

29.

Christopher and Bleecker Streets.
tered, still remains.

The original building, slightly al*

Go east on Christopher Street to West Fourth Street.

30, St John*9 Lutheran Church, 81 Christopher Street, was
built in 1821 as the Eighth Presbyterian Church, |

The site of the Spencer Mansion is at tKt cail s\dt ol N^e^t. ¥«>vit^. ^w "^^^ |
ruth Birrct; it was used in iBj!2 as a city post offesit ^ytXTOii Viw. '^leXt^'** v'^^

Tenth

Route 10 HISTORICAL GUIDE JefiFerson Market

Go east on West Fourth Street to Sheridan Sqtiare,

West Fourth Street was .called Asylum Street, as the New York Orphan
Asylum was established here.

31. Old house, 135 West Washington Place, facing on Sheri-
dan Square.

Return and continue east on Christopher Street.

32. Christopher Street Square; the meeting point of eight
streets, in the center of what Hemstreet calls " The Mouse Trap."
See at the end of Square the Northern Dispensary instituted in
1827, present building erected in 1831; note the tablet.

Return and continue east on Christopher Street.

S3. The houses at 11 Christopher Street, opposite Gay Street,
were occupied a century ago by Scotch weavers. The gardens
extended down to Greenwich Avenue.

34. Jefferson Market (New Greenwich Market) : market, court,
prison, the site originally a pond. The building is the home of
the Exempt Firemen's Organization (entrance at No. 10 on the
Greenwich Avenue side), in whose rooms may be seen an in-
teresting exhibit of old fire apparatus, pictures, etc. (visitors wel-
come.)

See the old houses at 129-131 West loth Street, covered with
wistaria vines.

NOTES

«3

NOTES

EXCURSION NO. ni.— THE BOWERY AND EAST SIDE.
By Frank Bergen Kelley.

NOTES

EXCURSION NO. ni.— THE BOWERY AND EAST SIDE.
By Frank Bergen Kelley.

HISTORICAL GUIDE

Plate XVII, Redrawn from the Ratzer Map.

THE BOWERY AND EAST SIDE
Bibliography.

Works by Ulmann, Hemstreet, R. R. Wilson, Innes and Janvier
mentioned in Excursion VII.

" When Old New York was Young '* (chapters on " The Story of
Chatham Square," ** Old Time Theatres,'* " Bouwerie Village," and
** Around the Collect Pond") by Hemstreet.

" Historic New York " (papers on *' The 14 Miles Round," " The
Bowery," and "Old Wells and Water Courses").

" Charlotte Temple," by Mrs. Rowson ; with an historical and bio-
graphical introduction by Francis W. Halsey.

" The Evolution of Stuyvesant Village," by A. A. Rikeman (pub-
lished by G. C. Peck).

"Annals of New York Methodism," by Seaman.

"Memoirs of St. Mark's Church" (published by the Vestry).

The East Side is to-day chiefly interesting for the great field it
offers to the sociologist and the philanthropist. Attempts are now
being made to solve many difficult problems in the city administra-
tion such as the public provision of parks, baths, playgrounds and
recreation piers. The diversified characteristics of the people, many
of whom talk, dress and live after the manners of the Fatherland,
make the East Side particularly attractive to the casual visitor.

N. B. " Social Settlements," by Henderson and " The Better New
York," by Tolman and Hemstreet, are recommended as special works
of reference.

THE BO

*-*-yLLJWJC iTE^TS

K««sq WU.!.^ EhVU***

Plate XVHL Bowery VrixAcij£,
88

MANHATTAN

ROUTE II-

SECTION I— BOWERY VILLAGE
Between Secottd and Sixteenth Streets.
(Figures refer to Plate XIX; see also XVH, XVIII).

Peter Stuyvesani purchased from the West India Company the Great Bounterie
(faruj) for a coumry fi*at, and here he came lo live after the surrender of
New Amsterdani. Bt^uwcrie Lattf connected his farm with the Cily and with
Harlejn, and formed part of the Oid Post Road,

The oldest $ettlc(i portion of this part nf Manhattan was in the vicinity of
Stuyvesant'js Bowery Houss, around which a little hapi]''* wrtw tip. Tjje old
street plan of Bowerie Village may he seen in Plate XVII L hut the oriRijial
streets and names have ail disappeared, with the exception of the Bowery and
Srayy^esant Street. In 1807 was inaugurated ihe new City Plan of numbered
fltrcets and avcimcs arranged at right angles to each other, but there could be
no regiiJanty yntil Thirteenth Street was reached, ahuve which the "checker-
board plan * has prevailed.

Since the early days the shore line has hcen extended^ largely by the redemt>'
tion of great salt meadowSp including Tompkins Square.

Mimhattan Island (to he distinguislied from the Inland of Manhattan) was
a, height coverin^^ the blocks between Houdton, Lewis and Third Streets and the
East Rive;r. ThJS was formerly surrounded by swamps and became an island
at high tide. The region was onee known as Dry Hock i*ilfage>.

The Third Street Recreation Pier was built here' in 1S97 to provide fresh air
and good mu&ic for the crowded neighborhood*

From As tor Place Subway Station or the Ninth Street Station of fhe
Third Avenue elevated R. R. go east on Stuyt^esant Street,

1. Former home of Nicholas Stusrvesant, 21 Stuyvesant Street,
where Haniikon Fish was born. See old-fashioned houses on
south side of the street.

2. SL M ark* s-in-the -Bowery, Second Avenue and Eleventh
Street^ the second oldert church edifice (on the oldest church
site still occupied by a church) in Manhattan, erected 1795-99 o^
the site of the early chapel built by Peter Stuyvcsant. Judith
Stt^yvesant left the chapel to the Dutch Reformed Church on
condition that the family vault be preserved. Peter, the great-
grandson of Governor Stuyvesant, gave the land, chapel and $2,-
000, lo which Trinity added $t2,500| and the present church was
built, the steeple being added in 1829 and the porch in 1858.

StU7vesant*s Tomb is beneath the tablet erected to his memory
under the southeast end of the church. In the same vault are the
remains of Governor Slottghter (died i6gt). and across the walk,
in the Minthorne vault, Governor D. T, Tompkins Is buried.

in the churchyard may also be seen the graves of A. T* Stewart
(whose body was stolen about 187S), Mayor Philip Rcsw^^ ^^ _
Harris, first rector of the church at^d ex-pTes\tittvX t\V C-«aV^v«^u>-v^

d TJws. Addis Emmet t (in ChanceWoT ^oi^(t^' v^u\\^^. "<H^^^^^^

HISTORICAL GUIDE

■
I

PuATE XIX* Route ii.

a K.

Bowery Village

MANHATTAN

xi Roiite

the church may be seen some of the original furniture (the com-
munion cloth of lygg and the communion plate of 1S45) and a
number of memorial tablets to prominent New YorkerSn See also
Sttiyvesant Memorial Windows, erected by the Daug^hters of Hol-
land Dames.

The uld Boteery Village graveyard was in the bto^k bounded by Eleventh and
Twelfth Streets and First and Second Avenues.

Stuyvesani's B&awerie Hovse was just northwest and is snid to have been

je place where the terms of surrender to the English were signed in 1664.

The house was burned m the early part of the Revolution. Pefers^etd,

another home of the StuyvesantsH was on the East River shore between Fifteenth
and SLxteeiUh Streets. ^ Nicholas Wm* Stuyvesant's house was between First
and Second Avennegi, Eighth and Ninth Streets, ivith an approach frona Sixth
Street and "Bowery t^ne (see Plate XVITI).

The former home of the New York Histortcdl Sftctety (now at Central Park
West and Seventy-sixth Street) stands at 170 Second Avtnue, facing the
church,

Co north on SerOiid Avenue, passing

3. An old Stuyvesant residence remodeled as an apartment
house at 175 Second Aventie and^ at 180 Second Avenne, a former
home of President Buchanan*

Go ivest on Thirteenth Street to Third Avenue.

4. Tablet (northeast corner Thirteenth Street and Third Av-
enue) marks the site of Peter Stuyvesant's pear tree, brought
about 1647 or 1665 to his Bouwerie, where it bore frviit for over
two centuries. A picture of the tree and a branch of it may be
iieen in the Governors Room in City Hall. A cross-section is in
the New York Historical Society building.

Go up Third Avenuw.

5. Second Mile Stone, Third Avcntiep between Sixteenth and
Seventeenth Slreet-^, marks the distance from the present City
Jlall, originally placed near the site of Cooper Union.

Go east on Sixteenth Street to

6. Stuyvesant Square, part of the Stuyvesant estate, once a
private park.

St. George*s Church, built 1845-S (successor to St. George's
Chapel, on Becktnan Street), and the Friends* Meeting House
and School (successor to the Meeting House on Pearl and Rose
Streets), face it on the west.

Take car south on Second Avenue ta

7. The Middle Dutch Church (Second Avenue and Seventh
Street), succc^sijf to the Church of St. Nicholas in Fort Amsterdani
anfl to the Middle Church at Nassau an^\ CtdB.ic S\tii'£\.'5>. *^^^ ^xO

_^blet on the Second Avenue side. \N\\X\Vti ^^e\\ua,v^.^fe ^x ^^ ^^^

§1

Route II HISTORICAL GUIDE Bowery Village

Seventh Street) may be seen pictures of the old buildings and four
memorial tablets in memory, of (i) Peter Minuit, first Director-
General and elder of the original church; (2) Sebastian Jansen Krol
and Jan Huyck, kranken besoekers (visitors of the sick) ; (3) Rev.
Jonas Michaelius, the first minister and (4) J. C. Lamphier, founder
of the Fulton Street prayer meeting.

See also tablet to victims of the Slocum disaster, 1904, and the
coat of arms of John Harpendinck (Excursion I:4i).

A monument in the southwest corner of Tompkins Square
also commemorates the burning of the Slocum in the East River,
the victims being chiefly children living in this neighborhood.

8. The Seventh Street M. E. Church, 24 Seventh Street, erected
in 1836-7, succeeded the Bowery Village Church which was built in
1795 at the Two-Mile stone on the site of Cooper Union (see 14).

9. New York Marble Cemetery (gate at 4Ji Second Avenue),
established in 1830, now almost forgotten, although there are over
150 vaults here of the Judson, Lorillard, Grosvenor, Oates, Hol-
land, Wyckoff and Bloodgood families, and 1,500 burials are re-
corded. According to a scarcely decipherable inscription on the
wall it was intended as a "place of interment for gentlemen." It
is hoped that this old cemetery may be converted into a play-
ground.

10. New York City Marble Cemetery, Second Street, east of
Second Avenue, incorporated in 1832. Here are buried James
Lenox and two of the Dutch dominies, and here for a time were
the remains of John Ericsson, President Monroe, and Mrs. Paran
Stevens.

The playground of the school on Second Street, between Av-
enue A and First Avenue, occupies the graveyard of the Second
Street M. E. Church, which was built in 1830, at 276 Second Street
(see tablet).

Hamilton Fish Park, between Pitt and Sheriff Streets, south of-
Houston Street, opened in 1896-8, two blocks of foul tenements,
which included the notorious Bone Alley, being razed. See the open
air gymnasium, playground, public baths and rest house.

Go west on Second and north on Lafayette Street.

""he names of Elm Street, New Elm Street, including part of
' Street, and Lafayette Place were changed in 1905 to Lafayette
er the various divisions had been widened and improved.

Cooper Union

II, Colonnade Row^ partly demolifihed, now at 428-434 La-
fayette Street, formerly called La Grange Terrace, in honor of Gen-
eral Lafayette's homci was bnilt in 1827, and was for a time the
home of Washington Irving' and John Jacob Astor. From one
of the liouses in the row President Tyler was married to Julia
Gardiner, of Gardiner*s Island,

I2» Astor Library, built by John Jacob Astor, incorporated
1849, opened 1854, and now part of the New York Public Library ♦
contains many rare and very valuable hooks and prints.

On this site, in the latter part of the Eighteenth centyry, Sperrr, a Swiss,
kept a itml and flower garden, selling it in 1803 to As lor, who le^c^ed it to
Delacroix. The Initer here established his new VnuxhnU Garden, which was a
fashionable rctiorl ntitil 1S55* Lafayette T\jA^e, was opened through the Gar-
den in 1826^ Madame Canda'a famoua private jKihool for ygmng ladies was
located here^

T3, CHnton HaU on Astor Place (home of the Mercantile Li*
brary), successor of the original Clmtoii Hall on Beekman and Nas^
sau Streets, was named for Dew it t Clinton, who in iSi^o helped es-
tablish the ISlercantile Library, On this ?;ite was the Astor Place
Opera II onset the scene of the Forrest and Macready riots in 1849.

Astor Place* orig^inally called Art Street, connected the Bowery WJtH Green^
wich Avenue, forming part of the hihnd Rotid to Gnen^ich, opened 1^68
(E^ctirsion II, Roitlc ]o)h,

See the statue of Samuel Sullivan Cost (^' Snnset Cok"). the
" Letter Carriers* Friend/' in the public square created in 1836,

Charlotte Temple is snpposcd to have lived for a time near the southwest
corner of Aslor I'Jacc (Art Street) and Fourth Avenue (Bowery),

14. Cooper Union, devoted to *' Science and Art/' by Peter
Cooper, in 1854, on the site of the '* Two-Mile Stone*' (see 8),
where was held one of the first New York Sunday-Schools, Peter
Cooper acting as Superintendent. See the free reading-rdom, li-
brary, Cooper Union Museum for the Arts of Decoration.

In the triangular place south, is the statue of Cooper (by St.
Gaud ens, t896), on the site of which was a great hay -stand con-
nected with Tompkins Market. The Seventh Regiment marched
from this point in 1861.

MANHATTAN

ROUTE 12,

SECTION IL— THE BOWERY. CHATHAM SQUARE AND
COLLECT POND.

(Figttres refer to Plate XX ; see also XVIT).

The Bowery Lane begine at Chalhain Square and originallv continued up
Fourth Avenue to Madison Squ^ire (^e Excurskm \\ Section i), Jn EDglisEi
clays It was Kilted Bo-w^ry Road, shortened iti 1S07 to The Bi^ns^ry. Chatham *
Street (now Park How) and the Bowery formed the chief and. in fact, the
only im|K)rt:irit thoroug^hfare northward until long after the Revolution,

The Bayard Fdrrii, owned by a nephew of Peter Stuyveaaut, lay on the west
Bide of the Bowery, between Bleecker and Can&l Streets, extending west to
McDougal Street. Hester Street was narod for Hester Bayard. North of iliis
l]^y the Bleecker farm^

On Grand Street was a line of British earthworks in the Revolution:
Bunker 11 Hi or Bayard's Mtfunt was at Crand Street, between the Bowery and
Broadway, The Bayard Mansion stood on the site of the hhick bounded hy
errand, Broome, Crosby and Lafayette Streets, and was approached by Bayara
Lane* on the Hne of Broome Street.

Delancey Street was originally a lane from; the houie of Jamea Delancey,
Chief Justice. 1733, at the corner of Chryslie Street, about the site of the
Mills Hotel No, 2. It has recently been widened and 15 to he parked as an
ap|>rnach to the Williamsburg Bridge, The Delanceir Farm stretched along
the Bowery to Division Street and east to the river^ The estate was sold under
forfeiture after the Revolution, the De Lanfeys being loyalists. Division Street
wafl so called because it marked the divisinn between the above and the Rutgers
farm. Great or Dehncey Sq-uore^ as planned in the Rather Map ^of 1767, would
have been bounded by liroomc and TfesteT, Eldrldge and E-ssex Streets* Oliver
and James Streets are named for members of the family (see Plate XVII).

The Collect or Frt*sh Water Pond, 60 feet deep, once covered 70 acres
bounded by Lafayette, White, Mulberry and Leonard Streets. In J626 the
murder of an Indian here led to a massacre in Governor Kieft*s day. The
execution of criminals took place here in early Colonial days and the supply
of gunpowder was stored in a house at the hack of the Pond. This was a
favorile resort for fishermen and skaters, and here Fitz-Greene FIalleck*s father
H said to^ have saved Prince William C later William IV of fc^njBrland) from
*irowning in 1781. In 1774 Christoj^her Colles built a pumping station at Pearl
Street and Broadway and a reservoir at Broadwav and White Street, in order
to suppty the city with water from the pond. The Lillif CoUe^t was tjetween
Lafayette^ Worth, r>uane and Park Streets and joined with the Collect. lit
J796 Johtt Pitch experimented with his steamboat on the Collect Pond whicli
later becaine a menace to the health of the community and was filled in about
igjt, its water being drained off by a cut made to the North River througn
Qinal Street which then received its present name.

Note: The usual explanation of the word Collccl is that it comes from the
Dutch " Kalch Hock " or " Lime Shell Point," sunpose^l to be derived from
tlie Indian shell heaps discovered here, but >fr, Edward Ilagnman Hall found
tliat *' Kolk '* is a coromoii term used in Holland to designate aa enclosed
|9ortion of a canal.

The Bowery

MANHATTAN

12 Koute

Take Third Avenue car down the Bowery to Chatham Square, passing

15. First Mile Stone, Bowery, opposite Rivington Street, and
One Mile House, across the way.

16. The Thalia Theatre (so called in 1879), just south of Canal
Street, originally Boijuery Theatre, and the fifth of that name and on
the same site. The old Bowery Theatre (bnilt 1826) was the first
theatre in New York lighted by gas, and here Charlotte Cushman
played to fashionable audiences. On the same site, in 1760, stood the
Bull's Head Tavern ^ where drovers traded and where Washington
rested on his entrance to the city in 1 783*

Forsyth Street Methodist Church, 8 Forsyth Street, near Canal
Street, recently sold and turned into a Jewish playhouse* The orig-
inal church was erected in 17S9 and rebuilt 1833; remodeled in 1872-4.

17. Ch^thau SouAttc, dallcd hy the Indians U-ar{njfs or Smail HtU, s dear-
jng ill ibe woods fenced off for cattle in 1647^ and granted to twelve old
freedmeri of the West India Ctntiiiany. Wolfert Weber s Tavern was located
here. Actordin^ to traditiong Charlotte Temple died in a house at the corner
of Pell Street and Chatham Stiuare. Chat ham Sqiuare, Chatham and Pitt
StreetH were named for Wtn, Pitti Earl of Chatham.

iS. "The Jews' Burial Ground" (Oliver Street and New Bow-
cry), as it is called on old city maps, granted in 1656 and deeded
to the Jews m 17JQ-30, is the oldest Jewish cen^etery in New
York, Tn IQ02 it was marked by a tablet erected under the aus-
pices of The American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society
and The Jewish Historical Society, It was a fortified hill during
the Revolution,

The Tm Water Pump, one o£ the chief sotirces of the flupply of drinking
water in early daya, was ldc4^ted at i6€ Chatham Street (Park Row), just south
of Chatham Square, Diagonally across the sirect was The Chatham or Purdy's
h'tititynist Theatre io whicE Vnch Tom'i Cabin was first produced in iSsJ,

The 6rst Kimng Bridge crossed Old Wreck Bfook at Roosevelt Street (Ex-
curaion 1146). This is the center of a Greek settlement.

Go east on Henry Street.

19, Mariners' Temple, Oliver and Henry Streets, now used as
an Italian Church, was built in 1843 on the site of the old Oliver
Street Baptist Chureh; see tablet.

P, S, No. I, opposite ig. is the successor to the first
Free Schifol of Ne7V York. (Excursion 1:8).

20. Church of the Sea and Land, built in 1817. stands on ,
Henry Street, southeast corner of Market Street; see tablet
Return on Henry Street to Chatham Square and e.o norVH o^ ^ott

Street

Route 12 HISTORICAL GUIDE Five Points

2T. Roman Catholic Church of the Transfiguration, corner of
Mott and Park Streets, is successor to Zion Lutheran, later an
Episcopal Church, built in 1801, rebuilt in 1818. This is the cen-
ter of Chinatown.

Go west on Park Street, crossing

Mulberry Bend Park, made by the demolition of crowded blocks
of tenement houses, giving light, air and recreation to the neigh-
borhood.

22. The Five Points, once a most dangerous part of the slums,
now the site of Paradise Park, which is faced by the Five Points
Mission, incorporated in 1850 (on the site of the notorious Old Brew-
ery), and the Five Points House of Industry. In 1740 fourteen
negroes were burned here during the Negro Insurrection. Here the
"Dead Rabbits" had their headquarters and fought the "Bowery
Hfjys." The Seventh Regiment, en route to escort ex-President Mon-
roe's body to Virginia, were used to quell a riot here.

Continue west on Park Street to Centre Street.

23. The Manhattan Water Tank (consisting of iron plates fas-
tened by metal pins), northwest comer of Reade and Centre
Streets, now enclosed but visible through the windows. This tank
was bnilt by the Manhattan Water Company which was headed
by Aaron liurr, whose real aim was to get a charter in 1799 for
the Manhattan Bank, now at 40 Wall Street. (Excursion VII :23).
The source of the water supply is the same springs which orig-
inally filled the Collect Pond. Wooden pipes, made by boring
lo^s, were laid through the streets. It is known to the nearby
residents as ** the old well." Good specimens of the pipes may be
SiMii in the Manhattan Bank and in the New York Historical
Society building.

24. Cobwell Hall at 80 Duane Street, an old road-house, the
franurwr)rk of the building dating back to about 1780. See within
the cobwebs and old pictures.

Go up Centre Street, passing
An old house dated 183 1, at 54 Centre Street.

25. The Tombs and the Criminal Court Building, joined by the
Bridge of Si fills. The original Tombs was erected in 1838 of stone
bron^'^ht from the Bridcivcll in City Hall Square. The site is near the

rrntrc of the Colicct Pond.

ROUTE 13.

SECTION III— CORLAER^S HOOK PARK, AND GRAND

STREET TO BROADWAY.

(Figures refer to Plate XX).

Take Cmial Street car east to Scammel Street, passing

tlirough the Ghetto^ so called from the large Jewish population.

26. Wm. H. Seward Park and open-air playground made by the
removal of several blocks of tenements.

Go south an Scammel Street.

27. All Saints' Church (built 182S), southeast corner of Henry
and Scamincl Streets.

Go south on Scammel and east on Cherry Street to

28. Corlaer's Hook Park which ^ with the adjacent territory, was
part of Jacob Corla€r*s lands in early Colonial days. The Indians
named this Naig-ia-nae or Sand Lattds, and here they had a village
from which a trail ran on the line of Grand Street across the island
and up to Sappokanican. Here, in 1643, a number of defenceless
Indians were slaughtered by order of Governor Kieft.

Go north to Grand Street and take car uvst on Grand Street to La-
fayette Street, passing

sg. The statue of Gutenberg, inventor of movable type (by
Ralph Goddard), on the Hoe Building, Grand and Sheriff Streets.
An interesting old press may be seen within. Willett and Sheriff
Streets were named for Colonel Mariuns Willett of Revolution-
ary fame. Sheriff and Mayor of New York about one hundred
years ago.

Mount Pitt was an eminence at Grand and Fitt Streets^

30. St Mary's Roman Catholic Church, at Grand and Ridge
Streets, contains the oldest bell in a Catholic Church in Man-
hattan.

31. Old Essex Market (built i8t8) and Police Court (1856),
Essex and Grand Street.^. Ludlow Street Jail, north of Essex
Market, is the jail of New York County. It was used as a prison
for debtors and, until recently, for Federal prisoners in New
York City. It w^as built in 1S59-60, succeeding the Eldridgc
Street Prison; see tablet*

32. First building of the Board of Educatiort, northwest corner
of Lafayette Street^ now used as a Hi^h ScUoq\ ^wt^^^. ^^^

5^^

Route 13 HISTORICAL GUIDE St Patrick's

Go north on Lafayette to Prince Street.

S3. Monroe House, 63 Prince Street, home of Samuel Gouver-
neur when his father-in-law, ex-President Monroe, died there in
183 1. See the tablet erected in 1905 by the Woman's Auxiliary
to the American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society.

Go east on Prince Street to

34. St. Patrick's Roman Catholic Church, between Mott and
Elizabeth Streets, once the cathedral, built 1809-15. Vicar-Gen-
eral Starr, the first resident Bishop Connelly and " Boss " John
Kelly are buried here.

Go west to Broadway.

Site of Nibh's Garden and Theatre, northeast corner of Broadway and Prince
Street, opposite which lived Tames Fenimore Cooper.
The Garden later contained the famous Metropolitan Hotel (1852-94).

Go north on Broadway.

36. Hotel Raleigh, known once as the Tremont House, oppo-
site Bond Street, consists in part of the first houses constructed
with marble fronts in the city, built in 1825.

624 Broadway, site of Laura Keene's Theatre, later the Olympic.
677 Broadway, site of Tripler Hall and the first Metropolitan Opera House
where Patti first sang in New York.

100

NOTES

XOX

NOTES

102

EXCURSION V— THE NINETEENTH CENTURY CITY.
TENTH TO ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-FIFTH STREET.

By Frank Bergen Kelley.

Corrected (1909) with the aid of Hopper Striker Mott.

HISTORICAL GUIDE

DmQHDsnaDnaminnpi

ffl

Dli

Plate XXI. Routes 14, 15, 16.

C. K.

104

THE NINETENTH CENTURY CITY.

Bibliography,

Works by Ulmann, Janvier ("Down Love Lane"), R. R. Wilson,
Hemstreet (particularly in "When Old New York was Young")
mentioned in Excursion VIL

"Felix 01dboy*s Tour Around Old New York," by Colonel Mines.

"Old New York," by Greatorcx.

Valentine's Manual of the Common Council of New York.

" The New York of Yesterday— Bloomingdale," by Mott.

Battle of Harlem Heights.
•* Battle of Harlem Heights," by Shepard in " Historic New York,"

Vol. n.

"The Battle of Harlem Heights," by Johnston.

" The Campaign of 1776," by Johnston.

"Field Book of the Revolution," Vol. H., p. 816, by Lossing.

" History of Attacks on New York," by Stedman.

"Memorial History of New York," Vol. H, by Wilson.

" History of New York," Chap. VII, by Stone.

"Transactions of the Long Island Historical Society," Vol. III.

HISTORICAL GUIDE

ROUTE 14.

SECTION I.— UNION SQUARE TO GRAMERCY PARK.

(For Sections I, II aiid III, figures refer to Plate XXI.)

General Viele's Map in Wilson's Memorial History, Vol. IV, and
the Commissioners Map of 1807 are useful in showing early houses,
lanes and roads.

Take Subway to Fourteenth Street.

I. Union Square, designated as Union PJace by the Commissioners of the
City Plan, who in 1807-11 laid out Manhattan on the "checker-board system."
Because of the intersection of the Bowery and Broadway, this was left an
open square, but not formally laid out until 1832, when Samuel B. Ruggles
was instrumental in planning the park of three and one-half acres. Lower
Broadway was made to bend at Tenth Street to avoid the demolition of the
Brevoort homestead and it connected with the Road to Bloomingdale, which
ran diagonally across the Square from Bowery, or New York Lane.

Hendrick Brevoort's farm was bounded as follows: the southwest corner
began at the middle of Fifth Avenue, between Eighth and Ninth Streets, ran
north along Minetta Water, which was the westerly boundary, to a point about
fifty feet north of Twelfth Street; thence east in a straight line to the west
side of Fourth Avenue in Fourteenth Street, thence south along the west side
of Fourth Avenue to a point about sevcntyjfive feet north of Tenth Street,
and thence west in a straight line to the point of beginning. Because of the
opposition of Brevoort, who wished to save a favorite tree, Eleventh Street
was not cut through oetween Broadway and Fourth Avenue.

The Minto Estate, once owned by Lieutenant-Governor Elliott, then by
Baron Poelnitz, and later part of the Randall Farm, lay south. The ground
rents from this property to-day support the Sailors' Snug Harbor on Staten
Island.

The Spingler Estate, bought from EHas Brevoort in 1788, adjoined the
Brevoort Farm on the north and was bounded as follows: the west line was
Minetta Water, the east line Fourth Avenue and a prolongation of Blooming-
dale Road, the north line ran from a point now in Union Square at a point
about equidistant between Fifteenth and Sixteenth Streets in a straight line
to a point about fifty feet north of the north side of Fourteenth Street and
two hundred feet east of the easterly side of Sixth Avenue, and the south line
bordered on the Brevoort Farm.

The large fountain in the center of Union Square dates from
1842 when Croton water was introduced into the city. The small
fountain facing Broadway at Sixteenth Street was donated to the
city by D. Willis James and erected in 1881. It was designed by
Adolf Donndorf of Stuttgart and founded in bronze in Brunswick,
Germany.

The bronze equestrian statue of Washington, copied from Hou-
don, was erected by city merchants at the spot where Washington
was received by the citizens on Evacuation Day, November 25,
1783, and was dedicated July 4, 1856. This is the oldest public
statue in the city which stands in its original place, and was the
ivorA' of Henry K. Brown.

106 .

Union Square

MANHATTAN

14 Route

Near the statue there was held in 1861 a great war meeting in
response ta Lmcoln*s call for troops. Facing it h the statue of
Lafayette, modelled by Bartholdi and presented m 1S76 to the
city by French residents as a token of gratitude for American
sympathy in the Franco-Prussian War.

At the southwest corner of the Square see the bronze statue of
Lincoln^ by H, K. Brown* erected by popular subscription under
the auspices of the Union Leagne Cinb about 1866,
Co wesi on SLiteenth Sinri

2. Home of William Cullen Bryant, ^4 West Sixteenth Street.

'ass the Church and College (opened in 1847) of St. Francis

avier.

3* Paisley Place or Weavers* Row, a double row of rear
wooden houses entered by alleys at 115-117 West Sixteenth Street
and 112-114 West Seventeenth Street. They were built about ifes
to accommodate Scotch weavers from Paisley who fled to this part
of the city to escape yellow fever.

Co dinim Sij^th Avenue mid west on fourteenth Street.

4. Cruger Mansion^ 1:26-130 West Fourteenth Street, between
Sixth and Seventh Avennes, once the home of the Metropolitan
Museum of Art. In the Metropolitan Temple at Fourteenth
Street and Seventh avenue are Memorial windows to ex-Presi-
dents McKinley and Roosevelt.

Co east on Fourteenth Street.

$. The Van Beuren House, 21 West Fourteenth Street (built
about 1S55), one of the last private residences on this block and the
second homestead of the Spingler Estate. This family is distinct
from that to which President Van Buren belonged,

Go down Fifth Avenue and west on Thirteenth Street.

At 36 West Thirteenth Street (Steeple Building) and 43-45 West
Twelfth Street, see m the oblique walls of the buildings traces of the
old Umon Road which originally connected Skinner Road (the con-
tinuation of Chri.stopber Street) with the Southampton Road at
Fifteenth Street and Seventh Avenue (Section JIT, A), Note the
lines of these roads and of Minetta Brook on Plate XXL

6. 60 West Thirteenth Street (occupied iSgj-igos by the De-
Witt Clinton High School), famous as the *' old 1 hirteenth Street
School/' once nndtir the principal ship of Dr. Hunter t. founder c^l ^J^^^il
Normal College) whose gradtiates have lotm^i \\u N^VkO^Tas.'^ Vi.NSw^Kt

ssociMtmL ^^^^

^^" 107

Route 14 HISTORICAL GUIDE Union

Go down to Sixth Avenue,

7. Milligan Place (old Milligan's Lane), west side of Sixth
Avenue, between Tenth and Eleventh Streets, once connected Amos
(West Tenth) Street with the Union Road. Note the slant of the
building on the north side marking the original direction of the
Lane.

Go west on Eleventh Street.

8. The " Grapevine " (Sixth Avenue and West Eleventh Street)
was once a popular roadhouse on the old Union Road.

9. The second "Beth Haim" (House of Rest), a Jewish Ceme-
tery, was established here 1804-5 (the early cemetery being still
visible at Oliver Street and New Bowery. (Excursion III: 18.) It
was used as a burial place for strangers, but became the regular
cemetery of the congregation in 1882. In 1829, Eleventh Street east
of Sixth Avenue was opened by the City Commissioners, encroaching
largely on the cemetery, whereupon a third site was purchased in
1830 at the southwest corner of Sixth Avenue and Twenty-first
Street (Section II:3i).

At 33 West Eleventh Street, note the building in the rear (cistern
and chimney), which was near the line of the Union Road.

Go north on Fifth Avenue,

10. The Old First Presbyterian Church, Fifth Avenue, between
Eleventh and Twelfth Streets, successor to the early church on
Wall Street founded in 1719. See tablet (Excursion VII :2o).

Opposite, on Fifth Avenue, are the two Lenox Houses.

Go east on Thirteenth Street to University Place, then east on West
Twelfth Street.

11. Tablet, southeast corner of Thirteenth Street and Univer-
sity Place, erected in 1908 by the officers and veterans of the Ninth
Regiment, National Guard, State of New York, organized in 1799,
acting as the Eighty-third New York Volunteers in the Civil War.
From their headquarters, site marked by the tablet, " they marched
away 850 strong, May 27, 1861. They returned home June 11, 1864,
with 17 officers and 78 enlisted men after having gone through 24
battles."

lANHATTAN

14 Route

12. New York Society Library at log University Place, the
oldest public library in America, established m 1700 in the English
City Hall by Governor Bellomont^ incorporated in 1754 as the City
Library and chartered by George III in 1772 as the New York
Society Library. The present building was erected in 1856. Sec within
inany rare prints of old New York; complete files of local uews^
papers, all the well-known histories, guide books^ directories, etc., of
New York.

13. Old Twelfth Street School, once under the principalship of
Lydia Wadleigh who did so much to promote free education for
girls.

Co down Broadway to

14. Grace Churchyard. See the sun dial, doliola and marble
seat. The doliola^ made to hold grain, was found while digging for
the foundation of St. Paurs on the Via Nationale in Rome, and was
presenttd by the late Dr. Nevin of that church. Two like it Te^
main in St Paul's Church garden. Grace Church originally stood
al Broadway and Rector Street. (Excursion VILig). The present
building was erected in 1845,

Go east on Tenth Street to Fourth Avenue^ north to Fourteenth

and then east,

15. The Academy of Music, comer of Irving Place, the first
building erected in 1854, rebuilt 186S, the home of opera in New
York imtil 188 j.

16. Tammany Hall, fourth building of the Tammany Society,
Columbian Order, established in 1786. See on the front " Tammany
Society, 1789- 1867 " and the figure of St. Tammany, the Indian
Chief. Within the building may be seen some valuable historical
paintings and prints. The ** Wigwam " on the top floor contains the
emblems of the Society.

Co north on Irz^tng Place.

17. Hou^c of Washington Irving, southwest corner of Seven-
teenth Street, opposite the new Washington Irving High School.

Go east on Eighteenth Street.

18. Bayard Taylor's Home, *'the Stuyvesant" 14a East Eigh-
teemh Street, one of the oldest apartment houses in New York;
built in lS6g on the French model by RulVvetlQid ^\ws>3^^^tvV ^^ftKy'bt
family still owns it

Route 14 HISTORICAL GUIDE Gramercy Park

Go north on In'ing Place to

19. Gramercy Park. Innes says that the name was derived
from " Krom mcrssche " or " Krom moerasje " (crooked little swamp),
formed by the shape of Cedar Creek which flowed from Madison
Square and emptied into the East River at Eighteenth Street. In
1780 Gramercy Seat was the 20-acre farm of James Duane (Mayor
1783-88), and later became the property of Samuel B. Ruggles, who
in December, 183 1, set apart to trustees 42 lots for the creation of
Gramercy Park. According to the deed, they were to surround the
plot with an iron railing with ornamental gates, and by January i,
1834, to lay out the grounds and plant trees. The tenants occupying
the 60 lots bounding it were to have the right of access thereto as
a place of common resort and recreation, providing each contributed
ten dollars per year for its maintenance. The work was completed
in 1840. See tablet set in the sidewalk near the west gate.

20. The Samuel J. Tilden House (now the National Arts Club)
is at 14-15 Gramercy Park South. It is noted for its sculptured
front. See the medallion heads of Shakespeare, Milton, Dante,
Goethe and Franklin.

Go west on Txventieth Street, passing the

21. Home of the Carey Sisters at 53 East Twentieth Street and

22. The birthplace of Theodore Roosevelt, 28 East Twentieth
Street.

23. Horace Greeley lived at 35 East Nineteenth Street.

Return to Union Square.

MANHATTAN
ROUTE 15.

SECTION II.— MADISON SQUARE AND VICINITY.

24. Madison Square (6.84 acres) was originally planned and used as a
** Parade Ground to extend from Twenty-third to Thirty-fourth Streets and
from Third to Seventh Avenues. The territory it covered was bounded on the
west by the Bloomingdale- Road and was crossed by the Old Post Road. The
double ROW op trees seen from the fountain, looking north to Madison Avenue,
denotes the bed of the Old Post Road which was closed April 27, 1844, by
resolution of the Common Council. (See Appendix — ** The City Milestones and
the Old Post Road.") To Mayor Harjier (1844) must be given the credit for
the improvement of the Square. The triangle south of the Post Road, a part of
the Common Lands, belonged to the city; that part thereof to Twenty-sixth
Street was purchased in 18^5, largely from General Theodorus Bailey, the City
Postmaster. Such part as tne city owned was legally opened as a nark on May
10, 1844. Proceedings to acquire title to that part not purchasccl of General
Bailfey were confirmed May 3, 1847, at a total cost of $65,952. Fifth Avenue,
from Twenty-third to Twenty-eighth Streets, was ordered filled in and regu-
lated in March, 1845. The park was ordered lighted by gas in 1852 and was
limited to its present dimensions b;^ Chapter 177 of the Laws of 1837.

The Potter's Field was in Madison Square between 1794-7.

See the statues of Wm. H. Seward, by Rogers, 1876 ; Roscoe Conk-
lin, by J. Q. A. Ward, 1893; Admiral Farragiit, by St. Gaudens,
erected in 1881 by the Farragut Memorial Association, and Chester A.
Arthur, by Bissell, 1899. The small drinking fountain was given by
Miss Catherine Wolfe and the large one by Mrs. O. E. P. Stokes.

25. The Worth Monument (of Quincy granite, 51 feet high)
by James C. Batterson, erected in 1857 at the junction of Fifth
Avenue, Broadway and Twenty-fifth Street by the corporation of the
city, to honor Major-General Worth, who distinguished himself in
the Mexican War. His body rests beneath the monument. See the
equestrian figure of Worth in high relief on the south face of the
monument.

The United States Arsenal stood near the site of the Worth Monument from
1808 to 1824. The deed of the City authorities to the general government of
land for the site of the arsenal, or magazine (as the old maps have it), was

dated November 17, 1807. The possibility of the War of 181 2 caused its con-
struction as a defensive measure. The United States conveyed the building and
its rights to the site to the Society for the Reformation of Juvenile Delinquents,

July 21, 1824, for $6,000. Two wings were added by the Society, one for each
sex and the remodeled edifice opened January i, 1825. After its destruction by
fire in 1839, a new building was erected at Rellevue in October of the following
vear, and the inmates, on its abandonment in 1854, were removed to Randall's
tsland.

Go east through the Square to

26. Madison Square Garden, opened in 1890, on the site of the
old Harlem R. R. Station and later the site of a Hippodrome opened
by Barnum in 1873. It was first called by its present name on May

31, 1879.

27. The Appellate Court House, Twenty-fifth Street and Madi-
son Avenue, James Brown Lord, architect. The symbolic mural
paintings in the main entrance and the Court Room ^\^ Vyj >^€^->kw3vk^
American artists and of special interest.

Route 15 HISTORICAL GUIDE Madison

Cross Madison Square to Twenty-Third Street and Fifth Avenue.

28. She of the Fifth Avenue Hotel. The farm on which this famous hostelry
stood belonged to John Horn, whose homestead was in the center of Fifth Av-
enue, ju»t south of Twenty-third Street. This " House of John Horn " was
designated in the Law of 1703 as the starting point of the Bloomingdale Road. It
was occupied by Christopher Mildeberger (who married Horn's daughter) when
Fifth Avenue was opened in 1837. On petition, the Common Council granted
that it should remain on its site until November, 1839. After its removal to the
site of the Fifth Avenue Hotel in that year, it was a tavern kept by Thompson,
known as the "Madison Cottage." Here it stood until 1853 (14 years) when it
was torn down to make way for Franconi's Hippodrome which was opened
in 1853 and occupied the entire block front. The hotel, which was razed in
1908, succeeded this building. In this hotel was erected in 1859 the first pas-
senger elevator.

Go down Fifth Avenue to West Twenty-first Street, passing

29. Tablet at 5 West Twenty-second Street, marking the site
of the home of S. F. B. Morse.

The Buckhorn Tavern was on the southeast corner of Broadway and Twenty-
second Street.

The Union House stood at the corner of Love Lane (Twenty-first Street)
and Bloomingdale Road. On its second floor the Civil District Court was held
for many years. This building was the residence of Jacob, son of John Horn,
and was built by him.

Go west on Twenty-first Street, the line of Abingdon Road.

30. The Home of Chester A. Arthur, 34 West Twenty-first
Street, at the time of his accession to the presidency.

31. Beth Haim, the third Jewish Cemetery, best seen from
the staircase at the rear of CNeill's store, at the corner of Twenty-
first Street and Sixth Avenue. A cemetery was established here in
1830 (Section 1:9).

Go north on Sixth Avenue to Twenty-third Street.

32. Bust and tablet of Edwin Booth at 70 West Twenty-third
Street, marking the site of Booth's Theatre.

33. Schermerhom Mansion, 49 West Twenty-third Street, the
last private residence on the block. When erected, the population
of New York was 700,000; stages ran on Broadway; horse cars
were in common use; Harlem trains ran to White and Center Streets
and Hudson River trains to Varick and Beach Streets.

Take Twenty-third Street Cross Town car east, passing

j34. College of the City of New York, established at the corner of Twenty-
third Street and Lexington Avenue in 1848-9. It was then known as the Free
Academy, but in 1866 received its charter as a college. The new buildings on
West One-hundred and Thirty-eighth Street were formally opened in 1908.

35. Site of Bull's Head Tavern, northwest corner of Third Avenue and
Twenty-fourth Street, the third of the name (See Excursion I: 19 and III: 16).
built about 1826 by Thomas Swift and owned for years by ** Uncle Dan'l
Drew of steamboat fame. It was the headquarters of the drovers and butchers
of New York until 1848 when the cattle market was moved to Forty-second
Street. The region between Twenty-third and Twenty-seventh Streets, Second

d Fourth Avenues was known as the Bull's Head Village and was part of
oJd /^i?si' ///// Farm,

112

MANHATTAN 15 Houte

jC. Gate and wall of tbt- old House of Refuge at the entrance
to a storage yard on the north side of Twenty-third Street, between
First Avenue and Avenne A, to which site the uistitution was re-
moved in 1839.

Go north an Avenue A and ihrongh the grounds of ihe Department
of Charities to Twenty-sixth Street

37. Belle vue Hospital, on what was the Belle Vne Farm,
The City hospital was moved here in iSio from the neighbor-
hood of City Hall Park, together with the penitentiary and alms-
honse, the last two being later removed to Blackwell's Island.
The first ambulance service in the world was inangnrated in i860
by this hospital. See on the portico at the entrance to the main
building a bit of peculiarly wrought iron railingi beneath which is
a tablet stating that this formed part of the balcony of Federal
Hall where Washington delivered his first Inaugural Address.
Another portion of the railing is in the New York Tli^itorical
Society Building. (Excursion VII :2r). The matn or gray stone
building was the original Bellevue Hospital, the corner stone of
which was laid in iSr2.

IVatk west on Tzucftfy-set'cnth Street

.^S. The Petfr Cooper House, mov^d in tSao from the ^^iie of the Bible
House ta Twenty-eighth Street and Fourth Avemie, remained here until igag*

39. The Church da St Esprit (45 East Twenty-seventh Street),
the successor to the original Huguenot Church, built in 16BB in
Petticoat Lane. (Excursion Vn:!3 and I -.28). See tablet in the
vestibule, erected in 1902 by the Huguenot Society of America.

Go north on Fifth Avenue to Twenty-ninth Street,

40. Chtirch of the Transfiguration {5 East Twenty-ninth
Street), often called ''The Little Church Around the Corner,"
from the remark of the curate of a near by church who, on being
asked to officiate at tfie funeral of Stoddard, the actor^ refused,
adding^ that '* perhaps the rector of the Httle church around the
corner might be willing to serve*** The church was opened in
1856. From it have been buried Wallack^ Booth and Boiictcault.
See the Lich Gate and mcniorial window to Edwin Booth,

RouU i« HISTORICAL GUIDE

41. M«rl)U CoUfiUtt Rtfonned Church, Twenty-ninth Street
ami I'iflli Avenue, U<?tlleateil in 1854* See tablet commemorating
iu fciiii libbinii tn thtJ "Church in the Fort** and, in the yard, the
bell wliirh oritflnHlly huuff in the North Church. (Section IV:
5 aiMl lixfiirbiim \\^7)^

litt ujn^t on Tw^nty-nhklh Slri^H to Sixth Avenue and south to

4 J. Mouquin'fi RMtHuriint, located on the old Varian Farm, the
JiuiniblLUil (if which family utood on the west side of Bloomingdale
Knini, iitar tilts corntT of Twenty-sixth Street (just north of it).
Ill I lie hninebtead were horn, 1793, Isaac Leggett Varian, Mayor
iH.v> 40, and hia hrother William. The latter inherited the portion
of \Uti farm on which the building on Si.xth Avenue is located,, and
lie Ijiiilt and lived in the house. It was known for years as the
•' Kniikerbijcker Cottage/* the Varians being a Knickerbocker family.

IIA

MANHATTAN

ROUTE i6.

SECTION III— LOVE LANE AND CHELSEA VILLAGE.

Fotirteenth to Twenty-fourth Streets; Sixth to Tenth Avennes-

A. LOVE LANE AND TRACES OF THE OLD ROADS.

The Ahingd&n Road (named for the Earl of Abingdon^ son-in-law of Sir
Peter Warren), or ^* Love Lcjb^" originally followed the line of West Twenty-
first Street from the Bloomiugdalt- Kood to a point east of Eiglith Avenue
where H turned slightly northwest to Chelsea (traces at 318 and 34-2-346 West
Twenly-first Street and tht sonthwcst corner of Eighth Avenue antf T went jr- first
Street), It was met just east of Sixth Avenue by the Southampton Road
(traces at Paisley Place^ Section I^j); east of Seventh Avenue by the ^Var-
re» Boad (traces at 148 West Nineteenth Street and iS4 West Seventeentb
Street); east nf Eighth Avenue it crossed the FUsroy Road (rtinninA from
Fifteenth to Forty second Streets j traces remaining at 354 West Twentieth
Streeti, 256 West Eighteenth Street and ^46-^ 50-^52 West Seventeenth Street) ;
and east of Ninth Avenue by a Fourih r^sd (traces at 3^9 West Twenty-first
Street, 346 and 368-370 West Eighteenth Street^ 352-356 West Seventeenth
Street, 353-354 West Sixteenth Street, 36^ West I'ifteenth Street and Jta
Ninth Avenue),

Tbe&e four roads connected^ Love T^ne with the Great Kilt Road which foU
lowed the line of (;;ans«\'oort Streetj extended to Sixteenth Street east o€ Seventh
Avenue {traces in obliriuc wall of St, Joseph's Home, northwest corner of
Fifteenth Street and Seventh Avenue).

Quaint houses^ some with oriel windows and newel posts, manv^ of them
reached through allevways> survive on Twenlteth Street between Eighth and
Ninth Avenues^ on Ei[thteentb Street between Eighth and Ninth Avenues and
Sixteenth and Seventeenth Streets between Seventh and Eifa;bth Avenues; also
^long Seventh and Eighth Avennes between Fifteenth and Twenty-tbird Streets*

B. CHELSEA.

Chelsea is the name ^ipplied to that part of the city between Eighth Av*
«nue. the Hudson, Nineteenth and Twenty-fourth Streets, and was SiO called for
the homestead of ^ Claptain Clarke, a veteran of the French and Indian Wars^
Hia house, (43 in map) named for the Soldiers' Home near London, was
built in 1750, ahem t 200 feet west of the present Ninth ^ Avenue between
Twenty-'aecond and Twenty-third Streeta, the grounds running down To the
river which then came nearly to Tenth Avenue. It was rebuilt by "Mistresa
Molly Clarke/' who lived here until ^ 1802. Her daughter married Bishop
Moore^ whose son, Clenient C, Moore, lived here until 1850. Here, in 1822, he
wrote the familiiar poem " A Visit from St. Nicholas,"

* 'Twaa the night before Christmas/' etc.
Through hii agency streets were opened through this property in 1823. The
old house was torn dawn in 1852-3 when the bluffs along the river shore were
leveled and the shore line extended west.

The whole shore line is being improved, entire blocks of buildings having been
demolished to make way for modern warehoused and the new street^ which are
being constructed along the river front.

Tabkt Oil an isle-o£-safety at Twenty-second Street and Twelfth
Avenue marks the ** Chelsea Improvement/' a great system of new
docks not yet completed and meant to accommodate the largest
merchant vessels afloat.

Take Ninth Avenue Elevated R. R. to Twenty-third Street or Twenty-
third Street ear to Ninth Avenue, 1

43. Site of Chetsea, original bomcatead ot C»&tam. OaxVft. ^^a^ ^IJiK^^^vit ^
Moore (sec mb^ve}.

Route i6 HISTORICAL GUIDE Chelsea

44. London Terrace, the familiar row of tall pilastered houses
with deep front yards on Twenty-third Street between Ninth and
Tenth Avenues, erected in 1845 by Wm. Torrey when this was a
fasliifmable residence quarter.

At 436 West Twenty-second Street is the old mansion once the
home of I^'dwin Forrest and little altered since his time.

45. Chelsea Cottages, a row of small houses with little front
yards on West Twenty-fourth Street between Ninth and Tenth
Avenues, built 1845.

Go down Ninth Avenue to

46. Chelsea Square, the block between Twentieth and Twenty-
first Streets and Ninth and Tenth Avenues, on which are the
buildings of the General Theological Seminary. The land was
given by C. C. Moore and the West Building (still standing) was
erected in 1S35. The Square with its green lawns, quadrangles
and ivy covered buildings, the library, chapel and refectory, is
well worth a visit.

47. St. Peter's Church, on Twentieth Street, east of Ninth
Avenue, was built in 1836-8 on land given by C. C. Moore. See
within tablets to Moore and Dr. Hugh Smith. The rectory, just
west, was the original St. Peter's Chapel.

48. 114 Ninth Avenue, between Seventeenth and Eighteenth
Streets, an old house with outside stairs and gambrel window
reached through a rear alley which originally faced a road used as a
short cut from Greenwich Village to Chelsea. See also the old
house at 112 Ninth Avenue.

4Q. Old House at 346 West Sixteenth Street, with gambrel
roof and outside stairs.

Many otlier old houses may be seen between Ninth and Seventh
Avenues along Twentieth to Fifteenth Streets (see A above).

tANHATTAW

ROUTE 17.

SECTION IV.— MURRAY HILL TO CENTRAL PARK.

(Figures refer to Plate XX I L)

rake Subway or Madison Avenue i^ar tu Thirty' third Street; go up

the steps to Thirty-fourfh Street.

MySRAV ITrLL is the height between Thirty-fourth and Forty-second Streets,
Third Avenue and Broadway, and was named for Robert Murray^ a. Tory whose]
wife, Mary Liddley, by a clever f^trataf^^ni delayed Howe f September 15^ 1776)
in his pufstiit of Washington. The cornfield wbcre Washington tried to rally
ihe American Lroons was nn the Murray farm* somewtiere between the sites of
the Grand Central Station and Bryant Park. Tlic Mnrniy eatate was called
Inclchcrg, and extended between Tbirty-third and Tbirly-seventh Streets, from
the l!ostun to the Bloomingrtalc Roarl.

The Park Avesue Tl'nnel was huilt under Murray HiH in 183^^ to accom^
mrMlate the first _ horsccar line in the world, running from HarTem_ to Chambers
Street loiter it was vised by the Hartcm Railroad, the terminal being at
White and Centre Streets.

Go Up Park Avenue to
r. Tablet, erected by the Knickerbocker Chapter of the Daugh-
ters of the American Revolution, to mark the site of the Mur-
ray House, ou a boulder in a park space at Thirty-seventh Street
and Park Avenue, where the house stood until 1834.
I Go west on Thirty-seventh Street to

I 2. Brick Presbyterian Church, at the corner of Fifth Avenue,
Organized in 1767. the original bnikling in Park Row (Excursion I :
14). See in the lecture roorn (open all day) interesting collection of
historical portraits and relics of the old church.

Go up Fifth Avenue to Fortieth Street and then west, passing

3. New York Public Library, erected 1902-10 on the Astor-
Lenox-TTlden foundation,

4, Bryant Park (so called in 1884, but originally known as
iRescrvoir Square) was bought by the city in 1S22 and used as a
Potter's Field until, in 1842, it became the site of the first dis-
tributing reservoir of the Croton Aqueduct, now torn down to make
rivay for the Library. See portions of the reservoir walls. In the
Vesteni part of the Park stood the Crystal Palace, where the first
World's Fair in America was held in 1853. In 1S5S an ovation was
given here to Cyrus W. Field, on the completion of the Atlantic Cable
and soon after the building was destroyed by fire.

. Go through the Park to Forty-second Street, passing

I The colos,sal bust of Washington Irving (\mveilcd t866) op-

mosite the Fortieth Street entrance and the statue of Dr. J. Marion

EfiimSf on the north side of the Park.

I Go north on Fifth Aticnue.

Murray Hill MANHATTAN 17 Route

5. The Collegiate Dutch Reformed Church, at Forty-eighth
Street. Note the tablet to commemorate its connection with the
" Church in the Fort." Within may be seen a tablet erected by
the Daughters of the Revolution, State of New York, to honor
the soldiers and sailors of the Revolution. In the lecture room is
an interesting collection of historical pictures and books, includ-
ing the portraits in oil of its ministers since 1699. The bell
which hangs in the steeple was cast in Amsterdam in 1728. It
was bequeathed by Abraham De Peyster, whilom mayor of the
city, a son of Johannes, the founder of the family in America,
to the Middle Dutch Church on Nassau Street, between Cedar
and Liberty Streets. (Excursion 1:27). When the edifice was
used as a City Post Office, the bell was removed to the church
at Ninth Street near Broadway, thence to the church on Lafayette
Place and later to its present location.

6. St. Patrick's Cathedral, projected by Archbishop Hughes in
1850 and costing $2,5cx>,ooo. See within the vestibule at the south
end a framed account of the title of the property, acquired by the
trustees of St. Patrick's in 1852 for $59,500.

Go east on Fiftieth Street.

7. Tablet on the east side of Madison Avenue, between Forty-
ninth and Fiftieth Streets, marking the site of Columbia College
which was moved here from College Place in 1857 (Excursion I,
21). The Elgin Botanical Garden, founded in 1801 by Dr. Hosack,
Professor of Botany in Columbia, occupied the blocks- between
Forty-seventh and Fifty-first Streets and west nearly to Sixth Avenue,
on land given Columbia by the State, to make good the claims of
the college to a New Hampshire township. Two English yews once
in the garden were transplanted to the new site at Morningside
Heights.

Return to Fifth Avenue and take electric bus to the Metropolitan
Museum of Art, passing the

8. Sherman Statue at the Plaza, designed by St. Gaudens and
erected in 1904. Three blocks west on Fifty-ninth Street is the

9. Columbus Column at the Circle, presented to the city by
Italian citizens at the celebration of the 400th anniversary of the
discovery of America.

Central Park was planned in 1851 and laid out by "the Com-
missioners of Central Park " in 1859, Frederick Law Olmstead
and Calvert Vaux executing the plans. The P^ltVl oLQwl-alvw^. \ssaxv>^
statues of famous men.

119

Route 17 HISTORICAL GUIDE Central Park

In the Metropolitan Museum of Art (near Eighty-first Street),
may be seen a fine collection of historical relics.

Cleopatra's Needle, near by, was presented in 1877 by the
Khedive of Egypt, the expense of its transportation from Alex-
andria to New York being paid by Commodore Vanderbilt.

In the American Museum of Natural History at Seventy-seventh
Street and Central Park west, is a large collection of Indian relics
excavated at Inwood, the Bronx and Staten Island.

N. B. For historic points in the northern part of Central Park
see Excursion IV. Section I.

ANHAT

ROUTE i8,

SECTION V— BLOOM INGDALE.
(Figures refer to Plate XXIU and letters to Plate XXII.)

Sometime after tJie sfittlemtnt of the Ifiland of Manhattan, the middle west
sccTion received th^ name Btoi'ttiendaei (vale of flowerE) from the Duli^h town
of that name. lo early tini(?s the only access to the region was by water and
by a few farm roads, Larer it w^ bisect td b;^ the R&ad to Bhomm^dali
which ran its length through the Bhomingdaie Uhlrict, the name given it by
the Law of 1703 tinder which tbe road was opened frotu Twenty- third Street
find Broadway to Onc-hundrfd and Fifteenth Street and the present Riverside
Drive. This mad in a Farjfe measure followed the line of present BroadwajT'
In 1 795 it was extended 10 One-hundred and Forty-aeventb Street, where it
was merged in the King^hridgc Rcjad< In the territory which it traversed were
a number of hamkls, one being at the Great Kili. the longest and deepest
stream which indented the west shore of tbe island, with an outlet at Forty-
second Street* Tlie settlement at this spot extended into the fifties, Harsenville
was located in tbe seventies. Striker's Bay in the nineties and Bloamingdah
Viiiage centered at One Hundredth Street. Each of these was a distinct lO'
canity and up to the opening of the Civil War had yet a semblance of vtll.iije
life. In Dutch timcs^ the entire territory from Fourteenth Street to Clareinutit
was known a?) BloDmingdale,-^-fireenwich. and Chelsea being names of later
Engliish derivation^ It was a favorite suburban section. Some few old man-
sions survive^ hut none of Revolutionary date-

Take Subway to Times (Longacre) Square.

In 1S72 LoNGACHE Square became the New York center of the carriage In-
dus.! ry begun by Rrewster and others and one of the trade j-uurn^Ss Ukenea it to
London's Lonjjacre Street in which the carriage trade was centred. The square
having, at the time, no name the city autbdnties gave it that of Longacre.

A* Tablet over doorway at 1493-1505 Broadway, between

Forty-third and Forty-fonrth Streets, erected in 1S93 by the Sons

of the Revolution to commemorate the meeting of Washington

and Pvutiam on September 15, 1776.

B. In the basement, of the Hotel Astor may be seen a valuable
collection of pictures of old New York. In the barroom is a
painling showitig the house of Medcef Eden, an Englishman who
owned the neighboring property originally, and died of yellow
fever in one of the early epidemics.

Take Forty^second SircehTcnih Avenue cars to Fifty-third Street

C. DeWUt Clinton Park, between Fifty-second and Fifty-
fourth StreetSj Eleventh and Twelfth Avenues; note the play-
grounds, pergola, children's farm gardens and the recreation pier
(foot of Fiftieth Street)* The site was part of a farm which had
remained in the Hopper family for 200 years.

In the center of Fifty-third Street, as laid out, stood the mansion
of General Garrit Hopper Striker (Section VI 14) which was built
in 1752 atid was one of the oldest landmarks in the city when torn
down in iSg6, The Mott Homestead stood at Fifty- fourth Street
on the river bank from 1796 luitil demolished in 1897. Both the^^e ,
residences, as well as Striker's and MoU's "L^tv^^.^ ^^i.-\^ t3*!^\\RX^j^t*i^
by the laying out of the Park.

xaij

Route 1 8

HISTORICAL GUIDE DcWitt Cliirtofll

13 Q -5ZIIC

□

'□

^aC3^[

^CZJCD^LZF^EEfffhEffi

m cmcj^

(Ql

^^un

Plate XX III. RnrtE iS.

C J^.

D, In the DcWitt Clinton High School at Fifty-ninth Sti
and Tenth Avemie are two large mural paintings illustrating scenes
m connection with the completion of the Erie Canal.
Take Tenth Avenue car to Eighty-ninlh Street; pass en route the

site of

f, Tbe S&mt*rindyke Houit, northeast tofrier ^of Severity' fifth Street and
BlOQmimgdate Road (Broadway). Here Louis PhiJippe Itved and taught school
duriiJK fijs eadJe* It was otrcupjed by He^ians d^iring tie Eerolution and Tazeil
m i36S.

2. The Collegiate School at 241-243 West Seventy-seventh

Strttrt, a direct descendant of the first Dutch school (1633) on Stone

Street (Excursion VII: 12; see II. W. Dunshee's history of the

BlooTningdtle MANHATTAN i8 Route

3. Van dtH H^euvei Mansion, torn dovtfn igo^t in the -block Jict we en TSroacJ-
way and West End Avenue* Seventy -eighth and Seventy-ninth Streets. It was
buitt about 1^92 by Cornelius Van den Heuvtl, the Governor of Defnarara^ and
^ftcr i3^0 Vi'^s used as a tsivern a,CLd kniiwn as Burnham's Mamiiun House.
Btirnhani s origina! tavern, a favorite resort for driving parties* waa at Seven*
tieth Street and the Road.

4, Pa£ Cottgee, Eighty-fourth Sircett on the east side of Blooriin^ate Road-
TTere Pot and his wife Virginia boarded with a family namsd Breivnan durina
the summers of 184^1 and jfi44. During this time he wrote " The Raven
which first appeared m print m the New York Mirror in January, 184I.

Walk Wi'sl on Eighty-ninth Street to
S- The Soldiers* and Sailors* Monument, erected in 1900-2 by
the city to honor the heroes of the Civil Wan Note view of
PalisadeSj Ft. Washington Point* etc.

Go north on Riverside Drive.

6, The site of Oak P*iUti, hetween Ninetieth and Ninety-first Streeta, west of
West End Avenue, the country seat of BrockhoSst Livingstonji grandson of
I'hilipj Bet!:ond Lord of the Manor in Columbia County^ New York, He waa a
Colonel of the Revolutionary Army. Judge of the Supreme Court and Assoc iate
Justice on the Federal Supreme Bench. Re died in jSjj and was buried in
the family vault in the yard of the Wall Street Presbyterian Church^ The
massive oaks standing in the Park at Ninety-first Street were on the, Living-
si on property and gave the name *' Oak Villa.'*

7, The site of the Apthorp Mansion, built in 1764 by Charles Ward Apthorp.
a meniher of His Majesty's Council, between Ninety-firal and Ninety-second
Streets, just west of Columbus Avenue, It was the headrjuarters of (ienerals
Howe, Clinton. Carleton and Cornwallis at succeiiiiive stages of the British
oecupation. A rieh Enj^lish merGhantj Wilkiam Jauncey. (after whom
Jauneey Court in Wall Street was named), bought the property in T/tjg and
the Cross Road to Harlern* afterward Apthorp Lane. IcadinH' tu the hou^c was
known by bis name for many years, and is ^o carried to this day on old maps,

S. Site of tht Sttiker's Bay Mansion, at Ninety-sixth Street, on hill eastt of
viaduet- An old elm on the property inspired George W. Morris in 183^ to
write " Woodman^ spare that tree." As a result, tbe tree was spared and
in 1S62 Morris testified that it was still standinji:. The mansion occupied the
west line of the Uritish^ outposts during the Battle of Harlem Heights.

Other well-known families who had pertnancni residences or country seats in
Bloomingdale were the Bayards, BEekman&, Buwnes, Leggetts, Danas^ Have-
me5?ers, Hkiwlnnds* Lawrences, Schuylers. van Nordens. Rikers, dc Peysters, De
Lanceys, McVickars, Strikers, ITopT>ers, Posts, Schiefteltns, Meiers^ Whitlcicka^
Weymans, Webbers, C^^ines, Dyckmans, llarsens, Cuttings* Rogers, Wilkes,
Wells, Clendinings^ Jumels and Motts.

g. St. MichaeFs Episcopal Church at Ninety- ninth Street and
Amsterdam Avenue stands on the site of the old wooden church,
erected in 1806. {" Annals of the Parish," by Dr. John P. Peters),

10. The Furaisa House, on Riverside Drive, between Ninety-
ninth and One Hundredth Streets, was erected by William P. Ftimiss
m 1843. Just north of it was the

1 r. Humpkre-v Jttnei Housf. on the river bluff, between One TTundred and
First and One Hundred and Second Streets* (See Johnston^s *' History of the
Battle of Harlem rieights" and Molt's "^^ The New York of Yesterday"). In
tj^A Hobert T, Ketiible bought the property and in 181 1 it was aci|uired by
WiUiam Rogers and was known for years as llic " Ana Rogers House/' It
was struck hy lightning and burned iti tSgg.

Go East on Nincty'nhtth Street and north on Broadway.
12. The Bloomingdale Dutch Reformed Church, recently com-
pleted at One Iltmdred and Sixth Street and Broadways oix iVsa,
&iie o£ Nicholas Jones* stone house ive^t N^^tvtV \i^%^xv -a,^^ ^^?^«s,^

ia3

"'1

Route i8 HISTORICAL GUIDE Weehawlm

the Rattle of Harlem Heights. The church, which celebrated its
looth anniversary in December, 1906, was incorporated as "The
Church at Harsenville," and was founded in the Dutch mansion
of Jacob Harsen, at Seventh Street and Amsterdam Avenue, near
which site it stood for a century. The open space in front of
its present location was named " Bloomingdale Square " in 1907.

SIDE TRIP TO THE HAMILTON-BURR DUELLING
GROUND.

By Edward Hagaman Halu

Take West Forty-second Street ferry to IVeehawken, Walk to

the steam railroad track and then south along the shore (5 or 10
minutes) to a little point of land projecting into the river and
marked by a scrubby tree. The duelling ground (now blasted away)
was on a level spot near the shore about on the line of the railroad
track at this point.

To see the bust of Hamilton take the trolley from the ferry
to the top of the bluff, or mount the stairs and walk south and
then east of the fence running along the cliff. See inclosurc con-
taining a pedestal and bust of Hamilton overlooking the scene of
the encounter.

An inscribed slab of the original monument (placed here in 1806
by the St. Andrew's Society and broken because it seemed to en-
courage duelling) is now in the New York Historical Society building.

124

lANHATTAN
ROUTE 19.

SECXrON VL— MORN l>^G SIDE HEIGHTS AND
MANHATTANVILLE.

ne Hundred and Tenth Street to One Hundred and Thirty-fifth

Street.

(Figures refer to Plate XXIV; see also XXVI and XXX.)

Take Brrrndtvay Suhtvay to Cttihedral Parkivny: see to the east the

partiafly completed Cathedral o£ St, John the Divine; .

Ziialk ti'esi io Rwerside Drive, then north to the

1, Carrigan House. The original Nicholas de Peyster House
stood at One Hnndred and Fourteenth Street and Riverside Drive
and was the terminus of the Bloomingdale Road as fixed by the
Law of 1703. It burned down in 1835^ The property was sold to
Andrew Carrigan, Prt-sident of the Emigrant Industrial Savings
Bank, who built the present house.

Go east on One hundred and Fourteenth Street and north on Broad-
way, passing
Buildings of the old Bloomingdale Asylum, one in the South Field
of Columbia University and another, now the Columbia Faculty
Build in j^, northeast comer of One Hundred and Sixteenth Street
and Broadway.

2, Tablet, erected by the Sons of the Revolution, on the En-
gineering Building (near One Hundred and Seventeenth Street),
Columbia University, marking part of a site of the Battle of
Harlem Heights, September 16, 1776. On the west side of Broad-
way, just south of Barnard College, was the wheat field where
the main action was fought.

See also memorial window for the battle placed in St, Luke's
Home for Aged Women at One Hundred and Fourteenth Stree
and Broadway by the New York State Society of the Daughtert
f the Revolution.

Go east on One Hundred and Sixfeenih Street.

3, Coltimbia Library, the gift of Seth Low, See inscription on
the pediment to commemorate the foundation of King's College,
which stood at College Place and Murray Street. Within may
be seen the iron crown formerly in King*s College and a collec-
tion of early diplomas with signatures of former presidents.

On tile opposite side of One Hundred and Sixteenth Street, in
the quadrangle formed by Hamilton Hall and the Hartley
mitory» see the statue of Hampton by Oid^ja-^* V^tSaA'^^,

i 1^3

n
'I

rs,

et, in 1

Route 19 HISTORICAL GUIDE Momingiide

Go north on Amsterdam Avenue.

4. Tablet on southeast corner of Fayerweather Hall of Col-
umbia University, on Amsterdam Avenue, facing One Hundred and
Seventeenth Street, erected by the Empire State Society Daughters
of 18 12 on February 22, 1900, to commemorate New York City
defences during the War of 1812. "Fort Haight " mentioned 'thereon
should read " Fort Laight," being so named in honor of Edward W.
Laight, Commander of the Regiment of City Infantry, 1814. General
Garrit Hopper Striker, whose name is inscribed on this memorial,
served as Captain of the 4th Company, 5th Regiment, 2nd Brigade,
which regiment was the last employed in erecting the defences on
Bloomingdale Heights. The original plan was to place the tablet
on Block House No. i in Central Park, near which defence Captain
Striker's command was stationed, but owing to the isolated position
of the tower, and the likelihood of the memorial being hidden from
view by foliage, the offer of the Trustees of Columbia to have it
affixed to Fayerweather Hall was accepted.

Note the squatter's cabin opposite, near One Hundred and Six-
teenth Street.

Pass on the left Teachers' College.

5. Block House No. 3, War of 1812, in Morningside Park, at
One Hundred and Twenty-third Street, marked in 1904 by a tablet
erected by the Women's Auxiliary to the American Scenic and His-
toric Preservation Society.

The little height just south formed part of Fort Horn, named
for Major Joseph Horn, under whose immediate direction the works
at McCozcn's Pass were erected (Excursion IV, Section I, 22, 25).

6. Point of Rfcks was the high ground at One Hundred and Twenty-sixth
Street and Convent Avenue, and the site of the most advanced southerly Amer-
ican military outworks on Washington Heights. Another redoubt stood on the
hill nr)w at One Hundred and Thirtv-fourth Street, between Broadway and River-
side Drive. From the Point of Rocks Washington directed and watched the
Battle of Harlem Heights. The rocks have been blasted away.

I)ii\'s Tiii'crn, where Washington stayed on his advance to the evacuation
of \ew York in 1783, was on One Hundred and Sixth Street, 200 feet west o£
Eighth Avenue.

Go iJL'cst on One Hundred and Tzventy-second Street, pnssing, on the
left, the nezv buildings of Union Theological Seminary.

7. Grant's Tomb; designed by John H. Duncan; corner-stone
laid ])>' President Harrison, 1892, completed 1897, at a cost of $600,000,
snl)scribcd chiefly by the people of New York City; within are the
sarcophagi of General U. S. Grant and his wife. The interior deco-

r<3iJoij i5 by J. Massey Rhind. See the battle flags of the Civil War

126

Heights

MANHATTAN

19 Route

and ntimeroLis mefiiorials. It is controlled by the Grant Monument
Association.

North of the tomb are trees planted by Li Hung Chang and 2.
tablet to commemorate his esteem for General Grant. Souvenir
History to be obtained from the custodian.

■ Go north along Rherjide Drive.

8. Tomb of "An Amiable Child" (St Claire Pollock, baptized
by Bishop Moorcj November n, 1792), buried here in J 797* It is
said that the child lost its life by falling over a cliff near this spot.
In 1796-8 George Pollock, probably the uncle of the child, bought this
property, then known as '* Strawberry HilP* or ^^Vandewater
Heights," from Nicholas de Peyster, and when he sold part of it to
Cornelia Verplanckj he reserved the burial plot which, on his return
to Ireland in iXoo, he deeded to her to pre?;erve.

g. The Claremont^ owned by the city and a ptiblic restaurant
since 1S72, was built shortly after the Revolution by Michael Hogan,
M one time British Consnl at Havana, and named after the royal
residence at Surrey of Prince William, Duke of Clarence, afterward
King William IV, with whom Hogan had served as fellow midship-
man in the Royal Navy and who visited him at his town house in
Greenwich Street in i?^- Lord Viscount Courtenay, afterward Earl
of Devon, occtipjed the house and from it in J807 viewed the tnal
trip of Fulton's steamship, the *' Clermont." In 1815 it became the
abode of Joseph Bonaparte. The Post family purchased the property
in 1821.

ro* View of the Palisades and Fort Washington Point from
the Viaduct which was built to connect Riverside Drive with Wash-
ington Heights, The ' valley between was known in Dutch days as
" The Clove of the Kill;* or " Matje David's I'iy" (the Widow
David*s Meadow). During the Revolution it w^as called the " Hol-
low Way," and the settlement in the valley between One Hundred]
and Twenty- fifth and One Hundred and Thirty-fifth Streets was]
known as Manhattanville. A rude ferry to Fort Lee was estab-i
lished before the Revokition.

Descend to Manhattan Street and go east to Subway.

MANHATTAN
BATTLE OF HARLEM HEIGHTS.

By Hopper Striker Mott.

This, the only contest of the Revolution within the limits of New York City
that resulted in a victory for the Americans, had a greater influence on the
result than is generally acknowledged. Washington's army had been disastrously
worsted on Long Island and was ni flight when this success clinched the dogged
determination which made possible the brilliant exploits at Trenton and
Princeton.

The Americans, on abandoning Long Island, had withdrawn up the Island of
Manhattan, time for the retreat being gained through the . instrumentality of
Mary Lindley Murray (Section IV :i and introductory note). During the de-
lay, Putnam and his command, in their straggling retreat along the Blooming-
dale Road, had passed in safety to within a mile of the Morns House where
Washington had his headquarters. When the British realized that the patriots
had joined the main army, they encamped that night along the New Cross
Road (Apthorp Lane), Sir Henry Clinton taking possession of the Apthorp
Mansion, and threw up fortifications just north, extending across the island
from Hoorn's Hoek to Striker's Bay. Earl Cornwallis was in command of the
Reserve, while other generals led the English, Scotch and Hessians.

The first line of works thrown up by the Americans was located about One
Hundred and Forty Seventh Street (Excursion IV, Section II: i) and the hill
as far south as " The Hollow Way," the valley through which Manhattan Street
now passes, was occupied by them. Generally, these were the positions of the
two forces on September i6, 1776. On that morning. Colonel Thomas Knowlton.
who had seen service at Lexington, Bunker Hill and Long Island, was directed
by Washington to make a reconnoissance of the enemy's position. Moving
southward with his Connecticut Rangers along the westerly side near the Hud-
son, they were screened from view by the woods covering Hooglandt's farm.
It was not until they reached Nicholas Jones' farmhouse about sunrise that
the British pickets, light infantrymen, were encountered. Evidently stationed
on the Bloomingdale Road at about One Hundred and Fourth Street, their
regiments were encamped a short distance to the south. During the brisk skir-
mish which now took place, the woods along the dividing line between the Jones
and Hooglandt farms echoed the sharp firing from both sides. The forces were
so disproportioned as to numbers, and the object of the movement had been so
far attained that Knowlton ordered a retreat, which was effected without con-
fusion. He had, however, ten killed in action. They fell back along the line
of the Road, closely pursued. The enemy halted at the elevation known as
" Claremont, from which point they could catch glimpses of General Greene's
troops on the opposite slopes.

Tnis was the third time within a month that the British had scattered or driven
Washington's men with ease, and it only remained on this occasion for their
bugler to sound the contemptuous notes of the hunt across the Hollow into the
American lines. To quote one of the latter's officers: "The enemy appeared
in open view and in the most insulting manner sounded their bugle horns as
is usual after a fox-chase; I never felt such a sensation before — it seemed to
crown our disgrace." Washington had gone down to the advanced position and
heard the firing. He was urged to reinforce the Rangers, but was not im-
mediately persuaded of the advisability of forcing the fighting. Eventually, he
determined on a strategical plan, viz: to make a feint in front of the hill and
induce the enemy to advance into the Hollow, and second, should this prove
effective, to send a strong detachment circuitously around their right flank to
the rear and hem them in. This plan succeeded in so far that the enemy, see-
ing the advance, promptly accepted battle, " ran down the hill and took posses-
sion of some fences and bushes," from which vantage a smart fire was begun,
but at too ffreat a distance to do much execution. The flanking ])arty, composed
of Knowlton's Rangers, now back at the lines, was reinforced with three
companies of riflemen from the Third Virginia Regiment uniler Major Andrew
Leitch. In some unlucky manner the attack was premature '* as it was rather
in flank than in rear." Both the brave leaders fell in this engagement. Knowl-
ton living but an hour. Leitch survived until October 2nd, when he died at a
little blacksmith's shop in the neighborhood of the present One Hundred and
Twenty-nintii Street. Nothing daunted by the loss of \.\\c\t covcwv?cv\\^\s, >\sr.
Rangers and Riflemen pressed on. The Brilvsh, "wVvo Yv;^^ Xi^^xv Vsxn^v^^^ v^^

129

HISTORICAL GUIDE

ffi^i M'lllow W«v, hurl In the mefntime been irat to flight by the me of artDlery,
Nri'l wttf fiiif«tir«l lia(k tiiwardfi their camp along the line of the Koad to a
hwkttU*^* firtd »fi tiMi of a high hill. Heretofore the manoeurring had taken
I'll'' Irittffly 'III ihr MfHiglaiMU farm; the main action was then transferred to
\mu tW Y/mlfi'n llrtghU.

'!»•«■ |fr fif-mt llmlf« tif thia "hot contest" were the high ground extending
ftf.itt ' 'fiiiffifiia nnivrr«ity around westward and northerly to Grant's Tomb
itff'l MMMffiohf, 'Ihr hgiifiiig grew into a pitched battle, lasting from noon
ifrifil filf/»iir two o'diHk. Nrarly 1800 Americans were engaged, ^ composed of
t t.ntttutttt]^ ttiin-^rui\uit Nrw Kngland, Maryland and Virginia, with volunteers
tt'nn Uttt SittU, Nrw Jrikry and Pennsylvania.

'Mr< *-fi#-rny fimtlly frtrrtitrd. followed in close pursuit, and the day was won.
'Ml'- r«>iif« «Mi«M-ff sri onliNid just north of One Hundred and Eleventh Street
4»id fMoiififtifil ill ilir vM iiiity of Jones' House, where Knowlton first found
MiMfi ]u flM ffttly ftioffilrig. It was considered prudent to withdraw, and late in
Mi« tMrfdrifio Mir fioofm trlutiird to camp, rejoicing in a success they had not
mit*u\\mUi\ \\ l« r*llniNtrd ttiat aliout 30 men were killed and not over 100
w"»fM«l«it nod ifilMiiiic. A folNl British loss of 171 was reported. This action
|.ifi o« «v f'ftiiNK*! Into ttiA |t*tiiotB and exerted a wide influence over subsequent

Mil- nUi^^ miiiunf of \\\tt battle follows that of Henry P. Johnston, Professor
of lh.)l'«(y IM lh*> ( ollrgr of the City of New York.

MNIlMARKi or THE BATTLE-FIELD.

Mi* Atflhnrii Mrtnnhn, where Washington waited until his little army of
4%«io oiiiM, iMiMi* of whom hud brrnkfaNtrd or slept, had passed in retreat from
lli*> iioMioiliiK riiriiiy, lii||owlii|r tlirin to the Roger Morns House (Jumel Man-
«iii«i) III fior lliiiidird mid Sixty-srcond Street, his headquarters until after the
ifiMJ^ (I'onifalifii IV. Section II). Whcfi Howe took possession of the Apthorp
MiiHMi It wttn whUiirird abotit that he was made welcome there, and when the
wrti wrtu ovri AplhoMt was inchidrd in the list of persons suspected of beinjK
'I Illy •viii|iuili|/ria. Allliotitth indictrd for treason, he was never tried for his

fill»|iid liliiir. I'loprrly wiilrli he owned in Massachusetts in connection with
I In liiniliri WMH eotiliM-Ated, liut his New York realty was left untouched.
<:;*•• Hull V.y).

TiiH tip W'ttltr tUijthix, owned by Herman van de Water, stretched between
Oiifi Iliiiidird itiid SiMth ami One Hundred and Twenty-fourth Streets, and in-
Huijrd H pMil of ptrNent Morniiitfside Tark. These Heights were a portion of
lli*t Up Krv linri and were bounded south by the land of Theunis Eideyse van
niiyar, ttiiil rit«l by llaifrni Coninions. Van de Water and Adriaen Hooglandt
iMiitliitard nttr liitif of the trart fioni tlcl Kev in 17*38.
'I he //••Mici (•/ Itumphrry Jont's. his son yicholiu Jongs and the Striker Man-

Mi*'H itin drailllirtl ill Sritiiin V :8, II, IJ.

MANHATTAN

SIDE TRIP TO FORT LEE.

By Edward Hagaman Hall.

Take Fort Lee Ferry from West One Hundred and Thirtieth Street,
and the trolley up the Palisades to Fort Lee Village.

The site of the fort is on the bluff bounded by Cedar and English
Streets and Parker Avenue. In the woods southwest of the pond
(now dry) and of the church, may be seen some remains of the
fireplaces or chimneys of the huts of the American troops, and west
of these the zig-zag line of breastworks can be traced.

Washington's Well is northeast of the church (east of Parker
Avenue), and still further east is a huge flat stone which was
utilized for the bottom of a soldier's bread oven. Traces of re-
doubts are visible on the crest of the Palisades east of the fort,
and another redoubt some distance north was used to protect the
sunken obstructions between Jeffreys Hook or Fort Washington Point
and the Jersey shore at this point of the river.

MANHATTAN

ROUTE 20.

SECTION Vir.— KIFS BAY TO HORN'S HOOK; THE EAST
RIVER ISLANDS.

Corrected with the aid of Frank Warren Crane.

(Figures refer to Plate XXY),

Thirt>'-fourth Street to One Hiindredtli Street east of Fifth Avenue.'

Kip's Bay indenlefl the eastern ^hore of Manhattiin at Thirtv- fourth Street
where tiow are the ffrry s1]p*. Near by, on the ea«lt siiic of Secmid Avenue
between Thirty-fifth imd Thirly-si^rth Streets stood until 1851 the Farm-
itQuAe flf Jacob Kip where, in 1655H he brought his young wife, Marie de 1^
Montagsit. Here also the British landed on September iS, J?7^r when they
Captured the Island of Marthattrtn^

Turtle Bay k a rocky cove at about Forty- fifth Str<!et on the shore of
which stood an old storehouse where the British kept miiitary supplies. These
were captured in 8773 by a band of I^.iberty lioys under John La^mb and Alari-
nus Wilktt. Fortifications occupied this spot d,urinE the two wars with Eng-
land.

Arfilhry Park was at Forty-fifth Street and First Avenue where Nathan
II ai* was executed.

Cannon Point was the name given to the projection into the East River of
East ssth Street. From this posnt niay be obtained a good view oi the
dangerous rocks and eddies of the East Kiver and of the south end of Black-
Vktll s Inland. _ ^ . "

The river shore is as bold and rocky as it was in the early days^ the swift
current of the East River making it dilbtiult to utilize this portion of Man-
baft an for docks.

The oidPosi R&ad after leaving Madison Square and crossing Third Avemte
between Forty-second and Forty-third StreetSp ran to Second Avenue, crossing
It at Fifty second Street (at Cato^s Road House) ^ and again at Sixty-third
Street. It crossed Third Avenue at Sixty-fifth and Seventy-seventh Streets and
Fourth Avenue at EiRbty-fifth Street, and thence ran through Central Park to
liarlem, its west branch joining _tbe BlooTuinE^^ale Road^

The 4TM MiLb-STOHE iti at Third Avenue and Fifty-seventh Street, and the
STJi Mtlestoivb just one mile north, at Scvcnty-stvcnth Street (see AppendLn;
Milestones and I^ost Roads).

Oilellviile was the name applied to a hamlet of sixty years ago lying in the
region of Third Avenue and Forty- ninth Streets Frorn it a long lane led to
the country house of Horace tlreclcy on the East River shore,

Yorkviili; was a viUage on the old Post Road between Eighty-third and Eighty-
ninth StreetSj Fourth and Second Avenues, by some So considered from hifly-
ntnth to Orse llundredib Street^ the old Hell Gate ferry being: then at tfie
foot of Eighty-sbcth Street. Seven ty-fourth Street was the south boundary of
the old *' Town of Harlem,"

Take Second Avenue Etn*ated R. R. to FifHcth Street and walk east
to First At'cnue.

T. Site of the Beak ma n^ House on Beekman Hill, between Fifty-fir&t and Fifty-
ftecond Streets west of First Avenue, where P, S- 135 now stands. The house
was built in 176,^ by W'm, Beekman and became ibe beadquartera of Flo we, Clin*
ton aod Carleton, In a greenhouse ott_ the grounds Hale was tried as a spy and
here Andr^ received his final instructions before going north to meet Arnold.
The house was torn down in j8^4i but one of its mantels and j^omfj of the Dutch
Scripture titles may be seen in the New York Historical Society Building*
Kute the steep incline leading up to Beifikman HilL

2, Beckman Place, hetweeti Forty-ninth and Fifty-first Street,
near the river, preserve the historic name. Note the; viftm ii\ >&iSi
East River here.

Route 20 HISTORICAL GUIDE Kip*s Bay to

Go north to Fifty-third Street and east to the

3. Shot Tower, built by Mr. Youle in 1821 (succeeding the old
tower of Revolutionary days) and used during the Civil War.
Nearby stood until recently the De Voor Farmhouse, built about 200
years ago, at the foot of East Fifty-third Street. The Spring Valley
Farm was granted in 1677 by Governor Andros to David DufFore
or De Voor. It was later called the Odell, Arden or Brevoort es-
tate. It was a good example of substantial Dutch architecture and
one of the oldest buildings in the city when destroyed. De Voor's
Mill Stream, the Saw Kill or Saw Mill Creek, ran from the high
ground of upper Central Park, being crossed at Seventy-seventh and
Fifty-second Streets by two "Kissing Bridges."

4. The Brevoort House at 415 East Fifty-fourth Street is of
Dutch architecture but much later than the De Voor House (af-
ter 1800). It was a country residence of the Brevoort family,
though not the original homestead.

Go north on Avenue A under the new Queenshoro Bridge,

5. Smith's* Folly, a quaint old house near the terminal of the
new Queensboro Bridge, 421 East Sixty-first Street. It was built
for a stable in 1799 (see date on rear wall) by Colonel Wm.
S. Smith, son-in-law of President John Adams. After Smith's
failure it was used as a tavern until 1830, wh<»n it was bought by
Jeremiah Towle, City Surveyor, and until 1906 was occupied by his
daughters. Across the street are two old residences, one occupied
by the Female Guardian Society Industrial School.

6. The Schermerhom Farmhouse, built 1747, at the foot of
East Sixty-fourth Street was a summer home of Governor George
Clinton. It is now used in connection with the new buildings of
the Rockefeller Institute of Medical Research, the erection of which
obliterated the Jones Chapel and an old graveyard where were buried
members of the Jones, Hardenbrook and Adams families.

Jones' Wood, north of Seventieth Street, was part of the 90-acre farm (from
Sixty-bixth to Seventy-fifth Streets) originally owned by the Provoost family.
Samuel Provoost became the first Bishop of New York and was President of
Columbia College. His cousin, David Provoost, was a Revolutionary soldier
who became a smuggler (" Ready Money Provoost ") and hid his ill-gotten

fains in the " Smugglers' Cave " on the shore of this farm, or in a cave at
[allet's Point, Astoria. The old Provoost family vault disappeared in 1858
from the foot of East Seventy-first Street. The Jones family acquired this
property about 1803 and later Jones' Wood became a popular picnic resort.
It was chosen as the site for a large city park for which was substituted the
land covered by the present Central Park.

Go west on Sixty-eighth Street,
134

Horn's Hook

<owte

7- Monument in the German Reformed Chitrch. Sixty-eighth
Street, between First and Second Avenues, erected by the chnrdi
in memory of Baron Stenbcn, an active member of the church of
which J* J. Astor was elder^ clerk and treasurer about iSoo. The
church was organized in 1758 and erected its first edifice on Nassau
Street between Maiden Lane and John Street, In 1822 it moved
to Forsyth Street, in 1861 to the corner of Norfolk and Stanton
Streets, and in 1897 to the present location. On the occasion of the
150th anniversary of the church (1908) the hell now used was
presented to the congregation by the German Emperor.
Take Ftnt Avenue car to Eighiy'sixth Street and go east to East

River Park.

8. The Grade House in East River Park near Eighty-eighth
Street stands on what was known in early days as Horn*s
Hook (its first owner, Siebert Classen, coming from Hoorn, Hol-
land), and later as Rliinelander's or Observation Point, where bat-
teries were placed during the two wars with England. The house
was built by Archibald Gracie about 18 r J and Washington Irving
was a frequent visitor here and at the John Jacob Astor residence
which stood just south near the present Eighty-sixth Street and
Avenue A. Some of the trees in the park were sent from China and
Japan.

Note view of the upper end of Black weirs Island, Mill Rock,
Hell Gate and Ward^s Island (see article below on East River
Islands).

9, Site of the Vail ess Hopper House, on the west side of Second Avenue be-
tween Eighty-lhird arid Eiphty-fourlh Streets, until ^^S5-^ It waa a quaint stone
structure built by Henjamin W aid ron, whose daughter Klkaheth married Hoiipt^r
ill 1759 and passed into bis possession on the death ni his fathtr-indaw in
jj^£, ltd sides wisre indented with jshote from British tihips during the attack
at Huorn''s Neck« An gdvertiBoment offerm|r for gale ^the farm of Adolph
Waldron in 17S6 states tbat a ferry had long been eslahlishcd to UaJlet's Cove
on Long Island.

Go west on Ninetieth Street, passing
to. The prime House (best seen from Ninetieth Street be-
tween Avenue A and First Avenue), now one of the buildings of
St. Joseph's Orphan Asylum; some of its old fireplaces and mantels
are preserved and frotn its upper balcony is obtained a fine view of
HelJ Gate- Nathaniel Prime, a merchant prince, had his town house
at No. I Broadway. He built the uptown house in i8oa
Go north on Park Avenue to
II* The Winficid Scott Mansion, at Park Avenue and Ninety-
third Street (northwest corner), erected in 1847 and now «uS^4 ^^
an academy by the UrsuJine Sisters.

HISTORICAL GUIDE

THE EAST RIVER ISLANDS.

Near the turbulent waters of Hell Gate is a group of three islands
(•Dvcrcd with vast buildings of stone or brick where the poor, the
sick and the insane of the city, as well as the oflfenders against law
and order, are cared for by the Departments of Charities and Cor-
rection.

Blackwell's Island, called in Indian days Minnahanonck or Long
Island, and, later. Manning's Island, was granted to Captain John
Manning, Sheriff of New York County, in 1664. Because of his dis-
graceful surrender of the city to the Dutch in 1673, his sword was
broken and he spent some years in retirement in his " castle " on the
island. He left it to his step-daughter, who married Robert Black-
well. In 1828 the city bought it for $50,000. Most of the buildings
are of granite dressed on the island and built by convict labor.
Around the island are heavy granite sea walls.

Passes may be obtained from the Departments of Charities and
Correction.

Hell Gate is the channel between Astoria, Manhattan, Ward's
and Black well's Islands, at the junction of the Harlem and East
Rivers. Mr. Edward Hagaman Hall learned that "Hell Gate " is a
name in use in Holland where it is spelled Helle-gat and is ap-
plied to a difficult water passage between the Volkerak and Holland
Diep, on the much-traveled waterway between Antwerp and Rotter-
dam, the name being used in the same sense as the English translation
' Hell Gate." The efforts to derive the name from an ancient root
meaning " beautiful " or " clear " have no foundation in fact.

Owing to hidden rocks and conflicting tides, the strait is yet dan-
gerous for navigation, although many rocks have been removed
by the government. The great work of exploding these reefs was
bep^un in 1869-76 and completed in 1885. Among its features are Pot
Rock, the Devil's Frying Pan, Flood Rock, Hog's Back, Nigger Head
and Gridiron. A description of the strait is given in the Labadist
Journal. Mill Rock, or Leland's Island, opposite Ninety-third
Street, used to be known as " Sandy Gibson's," a favorite stopping
place for fishermen. Here, in 1812, a blockhouse was built for the
defence of the city.

136

East River MANHATTAN Islands

Ward's Island (also called Great Barent, Barn or Buchanan's
Island) was bought from the Indians by Van Twiller and used
by him as a pasture. In 1776 it was occupied by the British who
established a camp here. After the Revolution two brothers,
Jasper and Bartholomew Ward, bought it and divided it into
farms. In 1812 a cotton mill was built and a bridge which con-
nected the island with One Hundred and Fourteenth Street.
In 1840 it became the Potter's Field, 100,000 bodies being brought
here from Bryant Park (see Section IV).

4. Little Hell Gate is the strait which divides Ward's Island
on the north from

Randall's Island (Belle Isle, Little Barent or Montresor's
Island), which has had many owners since the English ceded it
to Thos. Delavall, an early collector of customs. Among the
owners was Captain James Montresor, who lived here during
the Revolution. Here, in 1776, 250 Americans were defeated in
an attempt to capture a British force. Jonathan Randall bought
the island in 1784 and in 1835 sold it to the city for $50,000.
A pass to visit the House of Refuge may be secured from the
Department of Charities.

North and South Brother's, Riker's, City, Hart's, Hunter's and
Twin Islands are described in Excursion IX.

NOTES

138

NOTES

139

NOTES

140

EXCURSION IV.— CENTRAL PARK TO KINGSBRIDGE.

From One Hundred and Fourth Street to Two Hundred and
Thirtieth Street.

By Frank Bergen Kelley.

Corrected 1906 and 1909 with the aid of Reginald Pelham Bolton.

HISTORICAL GUIDE

Plate XXVI. Map of McGown's Pass and Vicinity in 1776. With
Location of Some More Modern Sites.

Drawn by Edward Ilagaman Hall, from whom prints of original 11 inches
square can be obtained. Reproduced by permission.

Division marks in margins represent projection of center lines of streets and
avenues. Sites and topographical features are carefully located with refer-
ence to these lines.

l't)r complete key to above map see " McGowan's Pass and Vicinity," by
Edward Ilagaman Hall.

142

MANHATTAN

Index

1. American Battery, 1776, whence Washington watched Battle of

Harlem Heights.

2. American Battery, 1776.

3. Matje David's Vly, 1776.

Ground embraced between 4, 8, 14, and 15 was battlefield of Har-
lem Heights; eastern portion now called Morningside Heights.

4. Claremont Restaurant.

5. Gratnt's Tomb.

6. Barrier Gate, 1814.

7. Fort Laight, 1814.

8. Blockhouse No. 4, 1814.

9. Block House No. 3, 1814.

10. Barnard College; bloody buckwheat field, September 16, 1776.

11. Columbia University.

12. St. .Luke's Hospital.

13. Block House No. 2, 1814.

14. Cathedral of St. John the Divine.

I5» 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, British fortifications erected 1776; 20
is on the great Hill (the Circle) in Central Park; 22 is also
site of Fort Clinton, 1814; 23 is also site of Nutter's Battery, 1814.

24. Fort Fish, 1814.

25. Block House No. i, 1814.

26. British redoubt, 1776; Benson's Point redoubt, 1814.

27. Mill Rock Block House, 1814.

28. American redoubt, evacuated September 15, 1776.

29. Now Mt. Morris Park.

HISTORICAL GUIDE

CENTRAL PARK TO KINGSBRIDGE

Bibliography.

" Harlem, Its Origin and Early Annals," Jas. Riker.

" New Harlem, Past and Present," Toler and Nutting.

"History of the War of 1812," R. S. Guernsey.

" Field Book of the American Revolution," Vol. H, Lossing.

** McGown's Pass " (American Scenic and Historic Preservation
Society), E. H. Hall.

Lives of Alexander Hamilton, John James Audubon, General Na-
thaniel Greene and Washington.

" Washington's Headquarters," published by the American and
Scenic Preservation Society.

"The Assault and Capture of Mt. Washington," R. P. Bolton
(Empire State Society, Sons of the American Revolution).

"Transactions of the Long Island Historical Society," Vol. III.

Holy rood Parish Magazine, articles by R. P. Bolton. Astor arid
Lenox Libraries.

Magazine of American History, Vol. VI.

"The Diary of Lieutenant Charles Philip von Krafft " (New York
Historical Society).

" The Campaign of 1776 around New York and Brooklyn," John-
ston.

"Force's American Archives," Vol. II, Series V.

" Memoirs of Alexander Graydon," 1832 and 1846.

" History of Attacks on New York," Stedman.

" 1776, or the War of Independence," Lossing.

" The History of the County of Westchester," Rev. Robert Bolton.

"History of Kingsbridge," Thomas Edsall.

" History of Westchester County," Shonnard.

Annual Report of the American Scenic and Historic Preservation
Society, 1905.

HANHATTAH

SECTION I— UPPER CENTRAL PARK, MOUNT MORRIS

PARK AND THE VILLAGE OF NIEUW HAERLEM,

(Figures refer to Plate XXVI.)

ROUTE 21.

A. NORTHERN CENTRAL PARK.

Enter the Park from Fifth Amine and One Hundred and Second
Street at the Gir!s* Gate and follow the East Drive; or from One
Hundred and Tenth Street and Lenox Aiwnue* and walk south.

21. McGown's Pass Tavern, on the site of the original tavern,
built by Jacob Dyckman, Jr., about 1750, sold in 176a to the widow
of Capt. Daniel McGown, who* with her son Andrew, kept it as a
favorite resort for hunters with foxhounds. The old stone McGowti
house was in 1790 replaced by a frame structure, and the property
was sold to Thos. B. Odell in 1845, He hi turn sold it m 1847 to
the Sisters of Charity of St. Vincent de Paul, who added several
buildiogs, one of which was used by the Free School Society,
The heights were then called ML St. Vincent After the act of
1853 was pasi^ed authorizing the laying out of Central Park, from
Fifty -ninth to One Hundred and Sixth Street (extended to One
Hundred and Tenth Street in 1863) the Sisters moved (1858) to Mt.
St. Vincent-oii-thc-Hudson (Edwin Forrest's " Fout Hill"), but they
had charge of a military hospital in the old buildings during the
Civil War. After the war tw^o ol these were occupied as a road*
house and an art mnseuin respectively, but both were burned in
iSSr. In 18S3 the present tavern was erected on the original site
and in 1891 the old name " McGown*s (wrongly spelled McGowan's)
Pass ^' restored by law.

The otd Post Road Yan through ihis pass, brancbinif just north, _one road
contituiin^ to Harlem^ the othrr^ tlien known as Hurtetn Lane, running north-
west to meet the Bloommadate Ro:ir1. Along this latter road a body of
American troops waF pursued by the British^ Scpteimbcf 15^ T3?76. On the fol-
iowing day the British oceupifd the Pass and erected on the heiiaflita (wbkh
became the center of a defensive military signal sygieni) a nunibtT of works
which tliey hefd during rbe war. Tn 1^64 traces of a Revolutionary camp
were found at C20) the Great Hill or Cirde t between West Drive and
Eighth Ave tine, oppofiite One Hundred and Fifth Street ) where was loeated
one of the British redoubtji ^if 1776. On November 16, i77(it nearly ;^oo*j
Americans eaplnrcd at Fort Washington {Section III* 61), marched tbrouflh tl^e
Pass en route for military prisons. On November ^1, i^S^.^ the British evacuated
the workd at iht: Pass, which were thereupon occupied b^ the America 11
troops*

_Takf pai h on right to top of hill obo-ue HavU m U^ctt

Route 21 HISTORICAL GUIDE Central Park

22. Remains of Fort Clinton, named for Mayor DeWitt Clin-
ton, an American redoubt, erected in 1814 to protect the city from
anticipated British attacks. See memorial tablet on mount of old
cannon and mortar, erected in 1906 by the children of the City
History Club. The earthworks, traces of which are still visible,
were thrown up by various volunteer bodies, including Colum-
bia students, the Society of Tammany and the Master Butchers*
Association. This fort is on the site of a British earthwork of
1776.

The flat plateau east of McGown's Pass Tavern was leveled for
(24) Fort Fish, and (23) Nutter's Battery, was 550 feet north of Fort
Clinton and 600 feet north of Fort Fish.

Cross East Drive and ascend hill opposite Seventh Avenue Gate,
on the line of One Hundred and Ninth Street.

25. Block House No. i, on the rocky bluff opposite "Warrior's
Gate" (Seventh Avenue). This was one of four stone towers
erected in 1814 guarding the roads from Harlem and the north.
On the south face see the tablet erected 1905 by the Women's
Auxiliary to the American Scenic and Historic Preservation So-
ciety.

From this hill, looking north to northeast, may be seen the site
of the original village of Nieuw Haerlem (Plate XXVII), the
boundary between which and the City of New Amsterdam ran in a
straight line from Seventy-fourth Street on the East River (two
chimney stacks of the Metropolitan Railroad Powerhouse), through
McGown's Pass, to the northeast corner of (11) Columbia University
buildings and beyond to a point on the Hudson (3), near One Hun-
dred and Twenty-ninth Street. All the low ground to the east
now covered by buildings was meadow or marsh, through which,
on the line of One Hundred and Seventh and One Hundred and
Eighth Streets, ran the Harlem Creek.

To the north, between Central Park and Washington Heights, lay
Vredcndal, the land of Dr. Montagne, the first settler of Harlem.

MANHATTAN

ROUTE 22,

L— THE SITE OF THE ORIGINAL VILLAGE OF NIEUW

HAERLEM,

Esiahllshcd by Stuyvesant in ]\Jarch, 1658, tvhkh existed 200 years
and is noiv lost to sight beneath the modern Harlem,

By Recikald Pelham Boltok, 1909.

Note. — So few traces of Niew Haerlem remains, that this section
is not laid out ai; an itinerary, although the antiquarian may find in-
terest in identifying the sites.

»C Figures refer to Plates XXVI and XXVII).
Indian Trait, now St. Nich*las Avenue, and once the Albany Post RnmU
aUo in part ifallcd Nartem LanL\ This ran tbrough the centre of VredcndaL
The she of ttie booestead built by Montagne in 1636 was wliere it cruiises
Scvenlb Avenue close to the 8th milestone.

At riKht anglea from tbe Farnier*s Gate* to the northeast, another Tnfliati
trail tan to the Hatlcin River, then called tbu Great KiUt which triil bet: am c
one of the villa Re streets ^

Vrt'deitda!. or Quiet Dtile. the first TTarlem settlement, wa$ begun ^ in 16.16
by Or, Monta^ne^ It wns known by tlie InHlians as Mu.ic&ot{t, or tite Mats,, and
included the lowlanda which eic tended north and northwest of Central Park*
from the Farmer's Gate tOt and including, Mornings-ide Park (near ^},

MonjrTgiiy's Creek, known to the Inflians as RechctViin^s. in later times called
the MiU Crech. and in modern times the Hnrtem Creek. The large gasometers
at One Hundred and Seventh Street stand in the old bed of this creek* which
exte»dcd^ back on lines of One Hundred and Seventh to One Hundred and
FruLirlh Streets to Central park at Fvflh Avenne and One Hundred and Ninth
Street, A little stream ran into it from the neighborhood of Mornitigside

The MUt Cixmp, at One Hundred and Tenth Street and Fifth Avenue, was the
titc of the local B:ri*it mill, established in 1667 hv Captain Dclavall, with a dam
across the creek at Third Avenue and Orie hundred and Tenth Street.

29. Mount Morrii Park, This hill was known as the Slung Berg,
or Snake Hill, from the rattlers which infested it. The playgroutid
at the south end is a part of the Calf or Clover Pasture in which the
settlers of Harlem had common rights. An American and, after-
wards, a Hessian Battery was constructed on the summit in 1776
commanding the month of the Harlem River,

The Fire Tower is one of the last relics of the old Vohmtecr Fire
DeparLtnent ; the hell was rung every evening' at eight up to recent
years, and this practice was resumed in rgog.

30. Sylvan Place, This little secluded street occupies part of
the old Church Lane. Note the old trees on either side.

31. Dutch Reformed Church on One Ht;ndred and Twenty-
first Street, near Third Avenue. This is the fourth structure and
stands on part of the original Toivn Lot from wlucU 1.1\ki vorc\^N^x na-^c^
cleared as long ago a^ 1666 by Ih^ thn\ \t^^^t, "^ ^X^i^ \L^ s.'^vi'^^^^> '

147

Route 33

HISTORICAL GUIDE

Nieuw

Plate XXVII, Route 22.

Swedish buikkr of fences. The building used to face on Third
Avenue, but m 18S6 it was turned round to its present position. In
the bet fry h the original bell^ cast in Holland* which once hung in
the first church. The mscription on it reads :

' Amsterdam Anno 1734 Me Fecit/'

irrh stands tic (I r tlie midillt tyi Hie C/uirrA Lane, or Great WaJt,
'hich the vin^fi^ H:ja fjiil iml,
ir.^^^mfid M^'ajfrn At tiie corner of Oue Uuivdti:^ ai\4 T^tT\vt^^^^^ Stuwl

I4S

and Third Avenue Ih a triang"uiar houset the angular side of which shows the
liitt; of ihe cihi Church Lane. On the northeast corner of One Hundred and
Twtnty-fifTh Street and I'irst Avenviej the Hnc of Chyrcb Lane extends di-
agonally through a lumber yard to the river,

13* Midway of the block between Second and First Avenues on One Hundred
ana Twenty-sixth Street^ the street cuts through the center of the original
graveyard, H^re^ aniutie ihjt gr^v^, the Ileasiiau soldiers ij^ere picketed in

34. Vert'eefen'^ First Ferri^ to the Bronx was estabTished in 1663^ on the
northeast corner of One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Street and First Avenue,

35. On the northwest corner of One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Street and
First Avenue was the house of the Voorleser or Reader of the Dutch Churchy

36. One hundred feel west of First Avenue, in the line of the north half of
One Hundred and Twenty- fifth Street* stood the original Dutch Churchy built
in 166B.

37. On First Avenue, at the south side of One Hundred and Twenty-fifth
Street, stood the necond Dutch Cfiiirch*

Note that One Hundred and Twenty- Fifth Street to Lenox Avenue passes
through the Indian Scharakin, the Dutch Zegcndal, or Vfile of Blessing, known
generally as Jockicm Ptetsrsen's Fkit, the second farm settled, before the village
■was formed, by Captain JTochiem Pietcrsen Kuyter, a Danish gentleman^ why
was murdered by the natives in 1654.

38. At First Avenue and One Hundred and Twenty-fourth Street, the avenue
and street cut the old Indian Trail,

39* Between One Hundred and Twentieth and One Hundred and Twenty-first
Streets and I'leasani Avctme was a larEe Indian camps probably a fishing place.
A numher of uncompleted arrow heads were founcl here in iSjS* indicating
lo'iig occug:]ation and a place of manufacture.

Pleasant Avenue extends along what was the margin of the meadow lands,
known to the Indians as the Conykeekst, and to the Dutch as the Otterspaor,
from the numerous otters with which these banks abounded. This tract was
granted to the Jonkheer Jacobus van Curler in 1636, afterwards purchased by
Van Keulen and known for many years as Van K^ttten's Haok.

Mont acne's Paint, Pleasant Avenue and One Hundred and Fifth Street
(Plate XXVT) known to the Indians as Rectiewanes or the Great Sands. Here,
in 16^(1, Dr. Montaigne landed from bis dug-out with his family and farm
bands, the pioneer seltlena.

HttJJSATi; B^v. The large powerhouse of the MetfOpolitan Railroad Com-
pany^ at Ninety-Sijcth Street and First Avenue, occupirs the center of the Bay*
the meadow lands on which were reserved for the Dutch Church.

ROUTE 23.

SECTION IT— HAMILTON GRANGE TO FORT GEORGE.
West One Hundred and Thirty-seventh Street to Dyckmau Street*
(Figures rtfer to Plates XXVIIl, XXIX and XXXI; see also XXX.)
Take Broadway Subzvay to One Hundred and Thirty-jeifeHth Street;
zualk ntfrth on Hamilton Place to One Hundred and Thirty-
ninth Street and north on Convent ."Avenue, passing
The new buildings of the College of the City of New York
(here Historical Museum may be visited). Hamilton Place oc-
cupies the line of Old Broadway, the old Bloomingdale Roadj
which led from Morningside Heights over to the Post Road at
One Hundred and Forty-seventh Street.

41. Hamilton Grange, One Hundred and Forty-first Street and
Convent Avenue, next to St. Luke's Churchj formerly stood on
the west side of the avenue^ between One Hundred and Forty-
second and One Hundred and Forty-third Streets. It was oc-
cupied by Alexander Hamilton as a country seat (180:2-4) and
named *' The Grange " for his ancestral home. See the tablet
erected in igoS by the Washington ?Ieights Chapter Daughters of
the American Revolution on the porch of the house and an early
engraving of Hamilton in the vestry room of the church.

The Thirteen (liquid amber) Trees, said to have been planted by
Hamilton in honor of the thirteen States, were between One Hun-
dred and Forty -second and One Hundred and Forty -third Streets,
about 50 feet west of Convent Avenue; all are now destroyed.
Go east io St. Nichoias Avenue and north to One Hundred and Fifty-
second Street.

St* Nichoiaa Avenue runs a little west oi the ar iginal Kitig'a Way or Al-
bany Post Ruad. ** Breakneck Hill " was part of ibe old road at about One
Hatidrpd and Forty-seventh Slrect,

j'intirkitH Jnireijchmi'tit Ko. i, at One Hundred and Forty-seventh Street ;¥vaa
construrlcd across the Heights in Septenibtr, j^?6. It was used in Uie ftght
with BritiEh frij^ates on Sunday, October 27^ and again in the defense of the
HeiKJits on November 16, 1776*

A tablet in the park space, One Hundred and For ty-s even tli
Street and Broadway, erected by the Washington Heights Chap-
ter, Daughters of the American Revolution^ marks the line of this
mtrenchment*

At One Ifundred and Fifty-second Street, on the west side, stood until i88r
the farmhouse of Jan Dyckman, grandson of the original Hfithm settler of
the name.

Co west tm One Hundred atid Fifty-second Street to Broadway.

42. The Ninth Mikstone, w^ith date 1769, stands in a private
arden on the north side of One Hinidred and FiCt^--i^«^'oTv^

reet, between St* Nicholas and KtixsVerd^iti Kn^wi^^.

]nDnnnDq.DDn

□DID

Plate XX VI 1 1. Route 23.

(jtJ north on Broadway,

43. Tablet, erected by the Sons of the Revolution in the wal
of Trinity Cemetery, northwest corner of Broadway and One Him-
dred and Fifty-third Street, to coniinemorate the fighting at this
place in the assault on Fort Washington and marking the second
hne of its southern defences.

The high mounds at One Hundred and Fifty- third Strex?t, within
the Cemetery, were crowned with American redoubts.

Trinity Cemetery, within which may be seen the tombs of Gen-
eral Dix, Philip Livingston, J. J. Astor, Stephen Jumel and other
distinguished men; also a cenotaph to President Monroe, whose body
was removed to Virginia in 1858. The monument to Audubon is
visible through the gateway on One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Street,
between Broadw*ay and Amsterdam Avenue.

One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Street was the extreme northerly
J/nnt of the plan of the city as latd down by the Commissioners of

Washington's H'dqrs MANHATTAN

23 Route

44. Minniesland, ihe home of John James Audubon, can be
seen from Riverside Drive on the line of One Hundred and Fifty-
sixth Streett near the river, in Audulx>n Park* Tbe whole tract
from Amsterdam Avenue to tbe river was tbe property of Audubon.
The house was built in 1S41 and tbe mansard roof added in 1864.
Audubon lived here till bis deatb, January 2f\ 1851. It is said tbat
in tbe laundry of this house the first telegrapbic message was re-
ceived from Philadelpbia on an instrnment *?ct up by S, F. B. Morse.

45. Museum of the Hispanic Society of America^ at One Hun-
dred and Fifty-sixtb Street and Broadway, donated in 1904 by
Arcber M. Huntington* It contains a library of books and manu-
scriptSj and a collection of objects of art and historical Interest, as*
sociated with Spanisb bislory and art.

46. The Museum of the Numismatic Society (west of 45) con-
tains a fine collection of coins and medals of gener:il bistorical in-
terest.

Go eaji to Braadxvay atid north io One Hundred a;id fifty-ninih

Street

A TASLKT at One Hundred and Fifty-tiinth Street and Broaclway^ erected by
ttie Washington UeifjUls Cbsptcri tlatij^htcrs nf the American RevoVution^ m^rka
tiitr thjrd Hae of imtrtnc lira ems acrosii the island.

Go ca^st to Edgecombe Avenue, or on One Hundred and Sixtieth

Street to lumet Ptaee.

47. Washington's Headquarters, tbe Roger Morris or Jumel
Mansion, One hundred and Sixtieth to One Hundred and Sixty-
seeond Streets, between Edgecombe Avenne and Jumel Place, opened
to tbe public iti 1907 as a Revolutionary and Colonial Mu?enm, under
the care of tbe Washington's Headquarters Association of New
York and the Daughters of the American Revolution.

For full account of tbe Mansion see p. 156.

The cannon on tbe lawn is a Parrott Gun of tbe Civil War
period.

North of tbe mansion, on One Hundred and Sixty-second Street,
near Edgecombe Avenue is a rock on whicb it is said that FitzGreene
Halleck composed *' Marco Bozzaris."

Co north on St. Nicholas Avenue,

4S. site of the Crass Keys Tm/frn, or Morria'ii WliUc House, on the east side
of tht Albany Post Road (now Bt, Nicholas Avenuci at On? lUmdrrd and
Sixly*(ifth Street. It is said that here CnJfmel Knowltoii's body was bmught
Septemtjer 15, 177'i. The head of the leaden statue of Odrcre lit (erected in
BuwHne llrecn) was hronitht here, and inter ivJis atqlqu \sf C<v^^ V^t '^si^t^ 'vwcs-
keet^r, and huri'^d at Kingsbridgc uiUU Vhc atiV^^X ol \^t WiNii^ vxt^fc,^^^ ^\s,t?&.
it Wi t^M Ut E ngland, _

153

Route 23 HISTORICAL GUIDE High Bridge

Walk north on Broadzvay.

49. Site of the Bradley Farmhouse (1800), between One Hundred and
Sixty-eighth and One Hundred and Sixty^ninth Streets, west of Broadway.
This was the site of a camp of Americans 'in 1776, and later of Hessians, to
1782. Numerous remains 01 camp fireplaces, with military objects were found
here when streets were opened through the farm.

Note on the west side, between One Hundred and Seventy-first and One
Hundred and Seventy-Second Streets, part of a fine avenue of sycamores which
formerly led to an old mansion overlooking the Hudson and known as the
French Academy. Where One Hundred and Seventy-first Street is cut through
rocks west of Fort Washington Avenue were traces of several camp fires and
a redoubt. Most of these remains will rapidly disappear with the building
operations encouraged by the extension of the Subway.

Co east on One Hundred and Seventh-second Street to Amsterdam
Avenue; or walk direct up Audubon Avenue.

I^nds walked over are part of the last allotment of Common Lands of the
Town of Nieuw Haerlem in 17 12. Occasionally traces of old stone fences may
yet be seen in vacant blocks.

At One Hundred and Seventy-second Street, walk east around the
Reservoir to the terrace on the east side. Note the fine view over the
Bronx.

50. High Bridge, built to carry the first Croton aqueduct across

the Harlem in 1842. See tablet on bridge abutment. The high

tower of the Water Department affords a fine panoramic view

of the Heights and the Bronx, but it is not always accessible

without a permit from the Department. The upper gallery is 404

feet above the river.

^i. Crab Island. The marshy ground on the Bronx side of the Harlem at this
pomt was the place of embarkation of the 42d Highlanders in their attack in
the Battle of Fort Washington, November 16, 1776. They landed in a ravine
about One Hundred and Sixty-fifth Street in what is now Highbridge Park.
The American troops were concealed among the rocks of the Park.

Take Amsterdam Avenue car going north.

52. British Redoubt. East of Amsterdam Avenue, in a field,
opposite One Hundred and Ninetieth Street, a British redoubt with
embrasures may still be seen. This formed the extreme east end of
the Fort George outworks, commanding the Harlem River. Palisades
extended from it down to the river bank. At One Hundred and Nine-
tieth Street, on Audubon Avenue, was an Officers' Camp of the Brit-
ish Army.

Fort George MANHATTAN 23 Route

53. Fort George, in 1776 " Laurel Hill," later called Fort Clin-
ton. Three fortifications were constructed from 1776 to 1783. The
first. Laurel Hill, was taken by the British November 16, 1776, the
American Colonel Baxter being killed. This was located under the
present site of the Schultheis Casino. The second was an enlarge-
ment of the first, built by British troops in 1779, and extended around
the present Fort George Avenue. Part of the fortification may still
be seen east of Audubon Avenue, opposite One Hundred and Nine-
ty-second to One Hundred and Ninety-third Streets.

54. The great military Camp of Laurel Hill was occupied by many British and
Hessian regiments between 1777 and 1783, and extended over the present truck

fardens, west of Audubon Avenue, from One Hundred and Ninetieth to One
lundred and Ninety-fourth Streets. This hill was known in Dutch davs as
the " Ronde-vlys-berg " or ** Round Meadow Hill," reserved for a future
"dorp" or village, but divided in 17 12.

Note the fine views: west — Fort Washington; northwest — Fort
Tryon; the flat valley below was the farm of the Kortright family
to 1776; east — Fordham Manor, with New York University, just
north of the site of Fort No. VHI, the ridge extending north towards
Valentine's Hill, the site of Fort Independence (Excursion IX, Sec-
tion 2) ; north — the view includes the " Round meadow " ; the Dyck-
man farm and Nagel lands beyond Two Hundred and Tenth Street;
"Sherman's Bay" or the "Half Kill"; Inwood, or the Cock Hill,
site of Cock Hill Fort of 1776 and beyond, to the northeast. Marble
Hill, site of Fort Prince Charles (see Section IV).

IValk down St. Nicholas Avenue to Dyckman Street, or through the
woods, .passing
55. British Earthworks in the woods half way down.
(For points near Sherman's Creek see Section IV: 87, 88).

56. Site of the house and farm of John Courtri^ht. or Kortright (1703-
Jo), south of Dyckman Street, between Nagel and Sherman Avenues. Quan-
ities of shells and household rubbish have been excavated here.

Return via Subway from Dyckman Street.

Route 23 HISTORICAL GUIDE Washington's

WASHINGTON'S HEADQUARTERS, ROGER MORRIS OR
JUMEL MANSION

JOSIAH C. PUMPELLY, A. M., LL. B.

The Roger Morris House, more recently known as the Jumel
Mansion, and now as Washington's Headquarters, is a fine speci-
men of Georgian architecture and ranks in historic interest with
St. Paul's Chapel and Fraunces Tavern.

Lieutenant-Colonel Roger Morris, of the British 47th Regiment
and a member of the King's Council, who was Washington's
comrade in arms and wounded in the ill-fated attack on Fort Du
Quesne, bought the property and in 1763 erected the house which
he presented to his bride, Mary Philipse, as a wedding gift.

It was occupied as headquarters by Washington from Septem-
ber 14 to October 21, 1776. Here he formed plans for de-
fending the Heights and for blocking the passage of the Hudson
River and here he issued the remarkable series of general
orders and carried on the famous correspondence with William
Duer of the Secret Committee of Safety. In the neighborhood
were camped 8000 inexperienced volunteer forces, mostly raw
and undisciplined, in motley garb and held together only by
the bond of a common principle and the power of a united love
of liberty and independence.

During the battle which resulted in the capture of Fort Wash-
ington, November 16, 1776, the. Morris House was the center
of operations. The three lines of earthworks to the south were
carried^ by English troops under General Lord Percy; the 42d
Highlanders scaled the hill above the present Speedway, while
the main attack by the Hessians was in front of Fort Tryon.
The prisoners from Fort Washington were first assembled in

'** Morris barns before being taken to the hulks and prison
les in New York,
he house was the headquarters of Lieutenant-General Sir

enry Clinton, and, therefore, the headquarters of the British
Army, during the entire summer of 1777.

During the summer of 1778 it was occupied, after his return

)m Philadelphia, by Lieutenant-General Baron von Knyphausen

d his German staff. It continued throughout the war to be the

essjnn headquarters, and in the last years was occupied by
r'eutenant-General von Losberg.

156

^^^^^ —

^^^■#.,--

Headquarters MANHATTAN 23 Route

After the Revolution the Morris farm was confiscated and
sold. It was successively farmhouse and inn, the latter known
as Calumet Hall, where the first change of horses was made
after leaving New York for Albany. In 1790, President Wash-
ington and his Cabinet, after a visit to Fort Washington on
July ID, dined here " on a dinner provided by a Mr. Marriner."
Among the guests of the President were John and Abigail Adams,
Alexander Hamilton and Mrs. Hamilton, General Knox and

i Mrs. Knox, Thomas Jefferson, Mrs. Tobias Lear, John Park

I Custis and Nellie Custis.

» In 1810 the house was bought by Stephen Jumel, a wealthy

I French wine merchant, who restored it to its condition in Wash-
ington's time. In 1815 the Jumels went to France in their own
ship for the purpose of bringing Napoleon Bonaparte to America.
They remained abroad until 1826, the house being rented during
that time. Stephen Jumel returned in 1828 and the family was
united in the old house. The Jumels brought with them many
presents from Napoleon and souvenirs of his reign. His cam-
paigning trunk, a chariot clock from the Tuileries, a table painted
by Josephine and numerous pieces of furniture, remained in the
house until 1888. Stephen Jumel died in 1832 and was buried in
the grounds of the Cathedral of St. Patrick in Prince Street.

In 1833 Mme. Jumel married Aaron Burr. The marriage was
soon followed by a separation and divorce.

From a period even before the Jumel purchase the house was
the resort of French emigres. Louis Napoleon, Jerome and
Joseph Bonaparte were at various times guests of Mme. Jumel.
Mme. Jumel died in 1865 and her tomb may be seen in Trinity
Cemetery, west of Broadway, near One Hundred and Fifty-fourth
Street.

Nelson Chase, who studied law in the office of Aaron Burr
and married Mary Bownes, the niece of Mme. Jumel, occupied
the house for fifty years. He was an able lawyer and litterateur
and entertained here James Parton, the poet, N. P. Willis, his
sister Fanny Fern, Mrs. Blennerhasset and many other literary
friends.

While a guest here, FitzGreene Halleck wrote his celebrated
poem, " Marco Bozzaris."

Route 23 HISTORICAL GUIDE Washington's

After the death of Chase the property changed hands several
times and finally in May, 1903, it was purchased for $235,000 by
the city, through the intercession of the Washington Heights
Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution, assisted
by the Society of the Sons of the American Revolution.

On December 28, 1903, the house was formally opened under
^he auspices of the City of New York and on January 19, 1905,
the Park Department decided to retain control, and in 1907
the Washington's Headquarters Association of New York and
the Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution acquired
the use of the house for a museum of historic relics and furnish-
ings of the period of the Revolution.

The Council Chamber, the large octagonal room at the back
of the hall, known in Washington's time as the Court-Martial
Room, contains some rare pieces of Colonial furniture, notably
one of the Washington plates decorated with the insignia of the
Cincinnati. It is said that in this room Washington received
visits of the sachems of the Five Iroquois Nations who offered
their allegiance to the cause of liberty.

The Guard Room, in charge of Reginald Pelham Bolton, con-
tains a collection of objects dug up on the battlefield and camp
grounds in the vicinity by Messrs. Bolton and Carver, such as
cannon balls and bar-shot, buttons of British and Hessian regi-
ments, shoe-buckles, coins. Revolutionary weapons and Indian
remains.

The Dining Room contains portraits of the hosts and hostesses
and famous quests of the house, all carefully arranged and veri-
fied by W. H.* Shelton, the Curator; also, a collection of Napo-
leon-Jumel china presented by Edwin Francis Searles of Methuen,
Mass.

The Tea Room, which in Washington's time must have been
the office of the Adjutant General,^ contains old furniture, por-
traits, cabinets of china and souvenirs of the Colonial and Revo-
lutionary periods.

Washington's Bedroom and Office and the Rooms of Lafayette

and Burr are on the second floor. The Washington bedroom is

furnished as a Colonial bedroom, and one of its notable exhibits

js a small table on which Major Andre wrote a letter to Arnold

//7 t/ie presence of his captors. The Lafayette Room contains

158

Headquarters MANHATTAN 23 Route

the collection of Mrs. Louis Bennett of West Virginia, and in-
cludes the richly carved bed and sofa used by Lafayette at the
Charleston (S. C.) Hotel.

Other important exhibits are the Washington table from
Fraunces Tavern, a British army blanket of the period of the
Revolution, reproduction of the West and Copley portraits of
Roger Morris and Mary Philipse (presented by the Hon. H. M.
Bower, Mayor of Ripon, England), Washington watches, mourn-
ing pitchers and handkerchiefs, Aaron Burr's trunk, Governor
Bradford's punch-bowl, Governor Trumbull's chair and Lafayette
relics.

On the front of the house note the tablet erected in 1900 by
the Washington Heights Chapter, Daughters of the American
Revolution.

The building and grounds are open to the public every day
from 9 to 5.

HISTORICAL GUIDE

npss'SDDDDnan dddDQdpddd:

j^S^

Plate XXIX, Routes 23, 24, 25.

MANHATTAN

ROUTE 24.

SECTION Ur— FORT WASHINGTON.

One Hundred and Eighty-first to One Hundred and Ninety-sixth

Streets.

Take Broadway Subway to One Hundred and Eigkiy-iirst Street and

zifalk west to Broadway.

(Figures refer to Plate XXIX; see XXX).

57. The Moore House, on the west side of Broadway, he*
tween One Hundred and Seventy-ninth and One Hundred and
Eightieth Streets^ is on the site of, and the lower part is probably a
portion of, the original farmhouse of the Van Oblinus family, first
Dutch settlers (before 1706). In 1691 the land around was granted
to Joost Oblinus, Magistrate of Harlem, and was known as the
"Indian Field" or "Great Maize Land," having been one of the
planting grounds of the Wcckquaskeek tribe.

58. Holyrood Protestant Episcopal Church, at Broadway and
One Hundred and Eighty-hrst Street, to be moved to One Hun-
dred and Seventy-ninth Street and Fort Washington Avenue. See
within a tablet erected in 1902 by the Mary Washington Colonial
Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution in memory
of the exploit of Margaret Corbin. In the guild hall the great
fireplace is built of stones and bricks from colonial houses and
Revolutionary fireplaces. In the churchyard see the Eleventh
Milestone (originally at One Hundred and Seventy-first Street
and Broadway). The surrounding land was occupied by Ameri-
can barracks in 1776 (a camp market being held here in October
of that year), and by Von Donop's Hessian hut-camp until 1781.

59. Site of the Slue Belt Tuvfrtt, on the west side of Broadway. 60 feet north
of One Hundred and Eighty;;first Street. At this nojnt Washington review<:d
the army of occupation on Evacuation Day, November 55, 1 783. The tavern
woa a well-known hostelry probably started about i^jo: Cadwalader Colden
mentions- it in 1751. It was occupied by Howe on the capture uf p'ort VVash-
ing^torL Afterwards it became the store and home of the family of Bernard
Bduer,_ Of Bowers, and existed a.^ a dweJling to iS^o. (See the view in
Valentine's ManuaU 1857, p* sofi.)

The westerly hill north of One Hundred and Eighty-firat Street was known
as *^ Long Hill/* ctianged in 1776 to "* Mount Washington*'; Laurel HiU^ now
Fort George, hea uorlhcast of the Jine of Broadway.

Go west on One Hundred and Eight y-Hrst Street and north through
the aid Bennett Lane, passing on the right

60. Death Gap, the ravine to the north, the traditional scene of
great txecution, as here the Brilish and Hessian troops tried to force
their way up the heights, the defenders hurling great boulders down
on them from above. Human bones have been touvtd w ^^ ^-jJ^^^
below, many near the Roman CathoUc CUvKch 'i.ia^ OvkS: Wiw^^^^ ^"^^'^

fhiy^seventh Street.

Route 23 HISTORICAL GUIDE Washington's

Washington's Bedroom and Office and the Rooms of Lafayette

and Burr arc on the second floor. The Washington bedroom is

furnished as a Colonial bedroom, and one of its notable exhibits

/>' a small table on which Major Andre vjTo\.<t -^ \c\.Ut \.o KtxvcA^

//7 the presence of his captors. The L.aLiave\.U Uoom cowV^wvs

158

MANHATTAN

INDEX TO PLATE XXX.

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163

Route 24 HISTORICAL GUIDE Ft. Washington

Thcr " Hessian Spring " in the ravine below the rocks is now covered by
Bennett Avenue at One Hundred and Eighty-fourth Street. The line of the
avenue above was the site of the hut-camp, and some traces of the garrison of
English and Scotch troops were found here in 1900. The line of an old zig-
zag road, connectins Kort Washington and Fort George, may still be traced
on both Hides of Broadway.

61. Remains of Fort Washington, the central citadel of the
defenses of the Heights in the Revolution, built chiefly by Penn-
sylvania troops, directed by Colonel Rufus Putnam, afterwards
captured by the British, and called Fort Knyphausen. This is the
highest point of land on Manhattan, 270 feet above tidewater.
Here the American garrison of 3000 men and officers surrendered
on Nov. 16, 1776. At One Hundred and Eighty-third Street and
Fort Washington Avenue the site of the fort is marked by a
marble wayside seat and tablet (the gift of James Gordon Ben-
nett), erected in 1901, under the auspices of the Empire State
Society, Sons of the American Revolution, and of the American
Scenic and Historic Preservation Society. The tablet is at the
base of the northeast bastion of the fort. The west bastions are
plainly visible southwest of the Bennett House; the east glacis
was the slope on the north side of One Hundred and Eighty-first
Street and ravelins or breastworks extended across the old Ben-
nett Lane and front yards of the two houses on One Hundred
and liighty- first Street, at the intersection of Fort Washington
Avenue. Along Fort Washington Avenue have been unearthed
numerous military relics, and 75 feet south of One Hundred and
Eighty-first Street were found bones of 45 dead who appear to
have been buried in a trench. This was the site of the garrison
burying ground, and those killed at the Battle of Fort Washing-
ton were probably buried at this point.

62. Bennett House, the one-time residence of the elder and
younger James Gordon Bennett, founders of the " New York
Herald."

MANHATTAN

ROUTE 25
TRIP A— FORT WASHINGTON MONUMENT TO
FORT WASHINGTON PARK.
Walk south on Fort Washingion Avenue to One Hundred and Eighty-
first Street, west to Riverside Drive, once Boulevard La-
fayette, and south to the entrance of Fort
IV as king ton Park.
(Figures refer to Plate XXIX).
Follow the path over the bridge, crossing the deep cutting of the
Htidson River R. R., nicknamed the " Dolly Varden/* the earliest
railroad line (date of franchise August ig* 1847) to enter the city,
over which a few passenger trains and many freight trains stiO pass.

63. Stipsct Lane meets this path from the south just before it
crosses the "bridge. Cedar Point is the projection into the Hudson
northwest of the bridge, A fine view may be obtained up the
river as far as the Tappan Zee. After crossing the bridge, turn
up the side path to the left and on the top of the hill see the

64. Redoubt, built in October, 1776, by American troops, di-
rected by Imbertj a French engineer* the best preserved of the
entire district.
Pass south through the redoubt and down over the rocks a short

distance to
6$. Site of telegraph mast, a circular hole in a flat rock, cut in
185^ for the support of a tall mast from which were suspended
telegraph wires to the New Jersey shore, before the submarine
cable was perfected. Sec the iron staybolts in the surrounding
rocks.

Descend to the river shore. The extreme point is
66. Jeffrey*s Hook, now known as Fort Washington Point the
place from which ships were taken and sunk in the Hudson to
check the passage of the British fieet in 1776. Here Washington
crossed to and from Fort Lee, which is situated nearly due west
on the Palisades. (Excursion to Ft, Lee: Excursion Y, Section 6),
The point is covered by remains of a one-gun "lunette," or moon-
shaped battery, built in 1776. Note the beaches where men and
stores were landed. Indian shell heaps line the bank of the east-
erty beach*

Take a rocky path south along shore to the Fort IVaskington Rail'

road Station, or return by Sunset Lane to Depot Lane

and ascend east to Broadzvay, passing

iSj* Site of Pojft'js Titv^rn, at the east side wf BT0^4'^%Nt ict^ij^vvXt '^^<iWsiSA.-
It was a we J J hnown hostelry from the Revo\vil\tjn in ^^vA \"%»VN' ^^'^"^ -kcjkj^^
- tiica have l^een found at the northwest inlcTaec^wu ul iVt ij^a^^it sMttw.^

f/m itf Subway Smion at On€ Hundred and Ev^kt^-^^^'^ S\xtt\ ^

HISTORICAL GUIDE

HVP'^Ch^ KrlVEK.

jsftCB'^ifX-r

R 7 pOLTOytf

Plate XXXI. Routes 23, 26, 28a.

166

MANHATTAN

ROUTE 26.

SIDE TRIP B— TO FORT TRYON.
(Figures refer to Plate XXXI; see also XXX.)

Walk north along Fort Washington Avenue, passing

68. Libby Castle, built in 1864 by William Alexander Richards
and occupied for a time by William Tweed.

69. The site of Fort Tryon is at One Hundred and Ninty-sixth
Street, on what was known as Forest Hill. A small two-gun
"fleche" (marked by a tablet, the gift of C. K. G. Billings and
erected in 1909 under the auspices of the American Scenic and
Historic Preservation Society), forming the one-time northeast
angle of the fort, is still visible. On the northwest side of the
hill breastworks may be seen, probably the scene of Margaret
Corbin's exploit. Around this hill took place the bloodiest re-
sistance of the battle, 600 Maryland and Virginia troops with-
standing 4,600 Hessians for nearly three hours. Half way down
the hill towards the Hudson, and reached from the top by a nar-
row path, was the spring which, at one time, supplied the gar-
rison. In the little field on the east side are said to be buried
the Hessian dead.

70. The Abbey is a fanciful name applied to the old Hays
House, now a restaurant.

Descend by the hill, turning southeast to Broadway, thence north to
Dyckman Street, passing

71. The site of the old Black Horse Tavern of about 1812, on
the corner of Riverside Drive and Dyckman Street.

Return by Subway or Surface Cars.

167

HISTORICAL GU

ROUTE 27

SECTION IV.— KiNGSBRIDGE TO TNWOOD.
(Figures refer to Plates XXXI and XXXII; see also XXX).
Take Broadway Subway to Ttuo Hundred and Twenty*£fth Street

Station,
72, Marble Hill, once known as Humock Island or Papmnemen
(**a place parcelled out"). This Indian name included the creek
around the Hill

72. The King's Bridge, established by Royal Grant of William
and Mary to Frederick Philippe of the Manor of rhilspshurgh in

HvDJiouy KlVfiF.

i6g3 and first const rticted about twenty yards east of the present
bridge, rebuiit in 17 13, near its present position. It was broken
dowa after the retreat of Washington's troops over it in October,
1776; repaired by Knypbausen's forces; abandoned from 1/79 to
178^ as too exposed to AmericaLii attacks, and replaced by a bridge of
boats and pontoons further west. The bridge rebuilt after the
Revolution was practically on the present lines, except that it was
double, having a flume or dyke to supply water to Macomb's grist
and marble mills. The latter were destroyed in 1856.

Tkf H'ading Place, A shallow place about 1 50 tect wtst of llie bridge,
first uspci as a ford for passe nee rs and beasls.

Jti 1673 a ferry was est^blinticd here by V^ervrelen^

tender tbe presem Rfoadway bridge was a thile marshy Iblanrjp locally kuo^ti
as Gardtncr'a Isiand, on whicb was an Indian Klteli heap*

74. fort Prince Charles^ or the Charles Redoubt^ at the comer
of Marble Hill Avenue and Two Hundred and Eighty-eighth Street,
was marked in 1894 by a flagpole and a notice board* It was an
earthwork commenced by the American forces in tlie summer of
1776 to protect the bridge, and was completed by the Hessian troops
after November, 1776, Another small fleche, or angular redoubt,
was located to the east, on King^hridge Avenue.

75. Site of Hyatt's Tai-ernt built and opened by Jacob Dyekman* Jr.^ in 1763,
soon after aelting Mctri>wn*s Pass Tavern (Section I)* west of the present
Bro^dwayj eJcactly Dpi>uBite tbe Kin^sbridf^e Hotel in now vacant Lota.

76. Farmer^s Bridge, also known as tite Dyckman, Free, or
Queen*s Bridge, buih in 1759 to evade the lolls at the King's Bridge,
on Dyckman's and Vermilyca's lands. It was broken down by the
American forcen while' retreating from Fort Independence in Novem^
ber, t77^; restored and used by the Hessians in landing on this
island i again broken in 1778^ on account of the American attacks,
and later restored.

77* United States Ship Canal, established and constructed by
the United States Government. Before it was cut through, two little
brooks ran east and west on the line of the center of the swing
span of the bridge. These, in 1817, were enlarged into a little canal
by the own^r* Curtis and John Bolton, the latter an Alderman of
New York, and a marble mdl and quarries were established here by
them, The present double-deck swing span replaced (1906) the
Single swing span, which now forms part of the Fordham Manor
firidge at Two Hundred and Seventh Street.

78. The Marble Arch was built in recent years as an entrance
to the Seaman ♦ now the Drake Estate.

29. The Twelfth Milestone, set into the wall of the entrance
to the IshaiJJ property, at Two Hundred axvd YAeN«ii£vSja %ut^x. ^>^
^gm^l poskioii was about One Hundred aud '^vtv^Mvc?^ ^^"^"^^^^

HISTORICAL GUIDE

ROUTE 28a

SIDE TRIP A.— COLONIAL AND REVOLUTIONARY SITES
EAST OF BROADWAY.

(Figures refer to Plates XXI and XXXII).

Take the old Nagel Lane to the east, or the recently opened Two

Hundred and Fourteenth Street to

80. Colonial Burying Ground, established .by the early settlers,
after 1677, on the Nagel property and placed in trust, 1807. It con-
tains remains of the Nagel, Vermilyea, Post, Ryer and other local
families. The Dyckman remains were removed in 1905, except those
of Staats Morris Dyckman and family. At the east end of the
graveyard, small stones mark the graves of the unknown dead,
tradition says of the Hessian and British garrison, 1777-83. From
the south side of the graveyard the remains were removed in 1909
to widen Two Hundred and Twelfth Street.

81. Site of the Negro Burying Ground, across Tenth Avenue, between Two
Hundred and Eleventh and Two Hundred and Twelfth Streets, for the slaves
of the settlers, — it contained thirty-six graves, all destroyed by excavation in
1902.

82. Indian Ceremonial Pits were located on Two Hundred and Eleventh
Street, west of Tenth Avenue. They were opened in 1904 and found to con-
tain the remains of a dog, a snake and a turtle, oyster shells and pottery,
probably used in a ceremony known as " The White Dog Feast."

Walk east to Ninth Avenue.

83. Site of the "Century" House, burnt down 1901, entirely removed in 1907,
stood near the bank of the Harlem, in the line of Two Hundred and Thirteenth
Street. The house was built by Jan Nagel (the 2d) in 1735-6, used by General
William Heath as headquarters in 1776, and later occuniea by British and
Hessian officers. Buttons of an officer of the 17th Light Dragoons were found
here, as were buttons of the 15th, 38th, 47th, 57th, 8oth and of the Royal
Provincial Regiments, also Hessian buttons, Hanoverian and British coins. In
front of the house the remains of a small building were discovered in 1906,
with military objiects (bayonets, bar shots, bullets, etc.), showing Revolutionary
occupation. It was possibly the original settler's house, 1677 to 1735.

Walk south along the river bank or along Ninth Avenue to Two
Hundred and Tenth Street.

84. Site of the Dyckman House, at Two hundred and Tenth Street, on the
bank of the river, used during the Revolution by officers of the British troops,
but destroyed or abandoned about 1781.

Two Hundred and Eleventh Street was the line of division of the farms of
Nagel and Dyckman, partitioned in 1744; it also formed the north boundary of
the first land grant of this district to Jansen and Acrtstn in 1647.

85. At Two Hundred and Ninth Street, on the river bank, note the traces of
a great Indian shell heap'. Two dog burials were found here.

Continue south on Ninth Avenue.

86. FoRDHAM Manor or Xkw \'ork Univkrsity Bridgk.

The low ground here on the Harlem was the mi-adow known as Myndert's
I'ly. the meadow of Meynard journce wliose name the Dutch changed to
Meyndert Slaliaart. It was bought from him in 1676 by NagrI and held by
his heirs, althoujzh in the niiddU- oi the Dyckman lands, and known to modern
times i)y the name of the oriirinal owner.
S;'. .1 British Camp oi considerable extent existed on the edge of the bank

170

Sherman's Creek MANHATTAN 28a, 28b Routes

of the river, between Two ITundredth and Two Hundred and First Streets on
a site now entirely covered by the power house of the New York Edison Com-
pany.

Ilere was a group of military buildings, storehouses or officers' huts. Near
the remains of a great camp hre, numerous military objects, including many
buttons of the loth, 23d, 37th, 64th and Royal Provincial Regiments, were
found.

Holland's Ferry across the Harlem was maintained at this point, to connect
with Fort No. VIII, pn the hill just south of the Hall of Fame (New York
University). This ferry was attacked and the ropes cut by the American forces
in the raid in 1781.

Walk west along the north side of

88. Sherman's Creek, known by the Dutch as the "Half Kill,"
and later as the "Round Meadow Creek" (1811). On the southeast
bank the British troops landed November 16, 1776, to assault Laurel
Hill (Fort George) (53, 54).

Walk west on Academy Street, passing through the Round Meadow
or Ronde Vly, to Broadway.

89. The brook running from Broadway to the Creek was known as Pietcr
Tuynier's (the gardener's) Run, or Fall, being on the lands allotted at a very
early date to Pierre Cresson.

ROUTE 28b.

SIDE TRIP B.— WEST OF BROADWAY TO COLD SPRING.

From Broadivay, go west on Academy Street.

Note. — If Side Trip A is omitted, continue down Broadway from

(79) » passing at Hawthorne Avenue the Dyckman House (98).

po. Indian Village and British Camp of the 17th Regiment. The center of
this large camp was approximately in the garden between Cooper Street and
Seaman Avenue; it was excavated in 1907 and the numbered buttons of many
British regiments were found. Indian pits were found, some being ceremonial,
and several Indian human burials were also discovered here in 1907-08, with
many aboriginal weapons and stone implements.

Walk south around Seaman Avenue to Prescotf Avenue.

91. Site of British Officers' Quarters ^ at the intersection of Seaman and
Prcscott Avenues. Buttons of many regiments have been found here.

Above Rieflf's Cottage were found the remains of a flag[)ole, military bake-
ovens and other indications of camp life.

Walk north up Prescott Avenue.

92. Site of 17th Regiment Hut. A fireplace (about 150 feet north of RiefT's
Cottage on the west side of Prescott Avenue) was found in 1904 and marks
one of the huts of this regiment which are shown in Von KrafTt's sketch man of
1778. The regiment moved hence to Stony Point and was captured there July
15-16, 1779, by the American troops under (Icncral Anthony Wayne.

Walk over the hill and dowfi the into the zvoodcd valley known as

the Clove. Follow the path to the west side of Manhattan

along the shore of Spuytcn DuyvxX QxcqV lo

171

Route d8 b HISTORICAL GUIDE Cold SpHnc

a,v The Cold SpHnc^ or Sjmwtwipt Sprmj?, which pmbaWy i?5*ve
its name to the Spiiytcn Dwyvil Cw^k. The ^priiijg i!i^ ivow |»ipe4
to a spot near the ri\^r^ h^u originally $po^ih^ from the roelw^ 11«
Indian name of thi^s locality, includitv? la;:^ they jgenerally did)
the Creek at this place, was SfMit^^f^K^k, which ma>^ he trans-
lated *'as Ifar as the sittixxg^oxm or restixxg place/* prv>hahly sij^
nihcant of the secluded characbc^r of the hollow^, undoubtedly^ used
for a loni? period of time hy the aborigines whose large |v*lisaded
viUage i.Xkf^m'Ch-^iik). occupied the summit of Spu^ten Du^xil Hill
opposite.

Note the great tree» the largest tulip on the Island of Manhattaiv
but prol>abl>^ not older than the past cent\»ry, 6 l-^ feet in diameter^
grown thrxHigh an Indian shell heap which extends to the south,

^ Indian Rock DwelUng^ discox^red hy Alexander C Cheno-

weth, within which were found aboriginal pottery, to<>ls. Indues, etc»

now in Case T, Indian Room of the American Museum of Natural

History, evideucii\g loi\g occupation hy tril^^s, autecexlenr to their

scauerii^ by the Mohaw^k Indians in l6*^^ In the nvks aK>\T was

a cache, or store place, and below% to the east, under a large rock>

are evidences of use of a fireplace.

^^v C^lt HiU. Tht^ hXiX a)H>vf w** ki^<>wn In c<aK>w5*\ «iJ*v* w CvnH^ W»W,
ivvjkv^Uiy ^h^^r^f^v<^i frvw* A'^rvr-^Mv^H 'CXMrnwtt^, in R<'>rx>U»nvx<v*ry lim««, tv^

btuUsv. 1'hc Tvn^m* of »n AmtcrKiin fK><^i> t>n<A*istsi by u^t> Uviti^A^ <*«v\ w^wexl t^
i;^Sv\ xcfir <mc« on tKe kwA of J(Am«« McCrie«ry, hut *<f^ iv^m nn^x^ \<W5Cx>\-«p!r»hhK

Krx>m Cold Spring a tmtt leads o\^r the hill to the Hudson where

m.\v l>e seen the point of anchorage of Henry Hudson in Septendver,

Kxxk ,nnd of the first encounter with the naiixxs of .Vif-wV^-^^^M (see

AV?»«»-«m,C f^^ /?r<M«/«\iy, t^k^ t<^fh Uadm^ K^ Em^rs^>t4 v^"^v/^ passii^

o<v .**».) n5i P^^mtimf c^Vi"****^, nx>w cx»)!\VAtr\\ Uml, on thr l*^\^w ^x»\>^vcvi\ w^K^oK
hA^ \5o\'.^i «\*«^> hu^AU o^J^(v^>ft Ami uv>K \Uav\^itpx\ by XX\ \^ i aUtv.

o~^ >,v«/ .'"^ ^V*^*•X4 Xox^wKcr S-a» i*rN Thi* rnnW \aI<^ \xa* U\o *K>pn<?
xM" A <k'-x\\\\>)\ hcXwct^w tVnn,<yh-An\A Hxhxj'* aihJ iU<' Uc!t*<An Mh^m^ )t\»Ar>iL
N.\cr,-,Vo: So. <*r<^ A«^* >«^A* a'm> th<c Unr x^f wAuh ^^f \\\c i^wwr *hvwiio« of
fV.c UosvAr. At«v,y AxlvAiKuui A4rAitv<t Fori ^>^A^n o« Noxx'mtx^r \(v. <rr'^ «mWt

V AvTv . • lr,»hAn CAm|^« And miJitAry cncAnv^^mcm* h^xip l^t^n fxMind aI *tvfWi\
p'.AvCs \;\ this yaI<',

ix^ Dyckman Dwelling: the second, or pcrhnps ihivd, l>yck-
t\\,\\\ hov.so, buili in 17^7. probably with ntatcrials Iroiu the older
hoi.sos; it iiivcs a good idea of the appearance of coKM\ial farm
^iiW//7>.v\<. brinK much like ihc Century House, Sec old chin^uey

r/ir Sleuth siJc*.

tfZ

NOTES

173

NOTES

»74

PART TWO

BOROUGH OF THE BRONX
EXCURSION IX.— ROUTES 29-34^.

NOTES

176

EXCURSION IX.— HISTORIC BRONX.
By Randall Comfort.

NOTES

176

EXCURSION IX.— HISTORIC BRONX.
By Randall Comfort.

Plath XXIIL Kev Map to

CK.

iTft

THE BRONX

Bibliography,

' History of Westchester County/' Bolton.
' History of Westchester County," Scharf,
' History of Westchester County,*' Shonard.
' History of Bronx Borough, New York City,"

* History of Kingsbridge/' EdsalL
' History of Yonkers/' Allison.
^The Old Post Road," Hine.

* Historic New York*' (Paper on **The Neutral Ground").
'Battle of Pell's Point/' Abbott

* The SpXt" Cooper.

* Reminiscences of an Old Westchester Homestead/' Pryer.

HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THE BRONX<

The Borough of the Bronx derives its name from the first white settler,

Jonas BrOrtck, who settled near the Bronx Kills in 1630 and called his home
MmrntiK£. An adjaeent river became known 9s Bronck a (shortciii^ later to
Bronx) River and in recent tiTnes the same name was applied to the whele
borotigh. Many Indians of the Mohican naliern, Siiwanoy tribe and Weck-
quaeikeeks tocal tribe, branches of the Algonquin r^ce^ made this borough their
home, dwelling oti the shores of the Hudson^ the Sound and the Bronx Hivcr*
They left various Indian name^ behind thenit such as Aequehaunek« Manne;>ies,

Sluinnahounr Kekeshick, Laap-hawach-king, Mosholu^ Many of the old tltle-
eeds date hack to early putehases from Indian sachems.
The earliest Dutch settlement was probably in 1654 at Westeheater. The
English soon foDowed* some of the first titles being granted by Governor Nicolta,
Many Revolutionary aeenes were enacted in this borough and a full quota
of its citizens went forth to serve and die in defence of their rights. The
dreaded Neutral Ground extended from the Harlem to the northern limits of
the present borough. Pelbam saw the ** Battle of Pelbam Neck/' while West-
thester may well boast of its Battle of Westchester Creek (see Section V). Other
sections could tel] of individual engagements with the King's forces.

The early and middle parts of the Nineteenth Century brought great
changes. Extensive farm lands were made to bring forth the fruits of the earthy
then eame the sueccssful business men^ who located here their country estates
and elegant mansions* many e^amptes of which are yet to be found, m spite
of the advance of the city.

The year 1874 brought annexation to the city of New York of 1,^,000 acres
iif the western part of the Bronx, folhiwed in 18^5 hy the remaininjc 20,000
acres. And now these ^j.aoo at: res of hill and nlairi are fflst mfifj(n| inlo that
wamterful ciiy that is proud to style itaclf " Amcrici'% l/LtViov^X^*

HISTORICAL GUIDE

Plate XXX IV. Routes 29, 29a, 29b.

C.K.

I'roTii Kingsbridgc north the section including Yonkcrs was in Revolutionary
<l.i\s tcniK'il the Xcutral Ground, the scene of numerous ravages by irregular
I).-iii<ls known as Cowboys and Skitnicrs, who committed such lawless depreda-
\'\ous that many of the residents were forced into temporary exile.

th;-: NiV. ■ ij.
PUBLIC ;,:..: A KY

ASTOH, LilN' ..\ AND

TILDKN FO'J N UA nONS

K L

ROUTE 2g.

j SECTION L--KINGSBRIDGE TO VAN CORTLANDT PAR-K.
(Figures refer to Plate XXXI V).

I Take N, F. Central train from Grand Central Station to Kingsbridge
L Station or Broadway Subway to Two Hundred and Forty-

^^L second Street^ passing en route on the left

^H I, Old King's Bridge^ descnbed in Excursion TV, Section IV.
^f 2. Macomb Mansion, on the Bronx mainland, faces the Broad-
• way Bridge. In i6g3 this was known as the public house "at the
I north end of the bridge," and in lyyO as Cox's Tavern. It was bought
' by Alexander Macomb in 1797, who built nearby in iSoo the first
' Macomb*s Dam (see 25), and hi 1848 was sold to the late J. H, God-
win. Parts still show its great age.

At Kingsbridge the old Post Roa4 from New York divided, the Albany Fast
Road (j(!j(i9h now Albany Jio^d^ leading northward to Van Cortlandt* \ onkers
and Albany, white the Boston Post Rood (((172) led northeast over Williams-i
I bridge through Eflstchester and New Rochelle to Boston. The Kinggiiridgc
Road extended southeast up Breakneck F[in to West Farms and Westchester,
passing at (he foot of the hill the old house still called Emmerich's Head*
iitiarterSt after the colonel of the Hessians who had their txten^iye camp on
the premises.

- Enter l^an Corthndt Park and walk through

I 3, The Dutch Garden, south of the mansion, surrounded by
a moat. One of the stones of the old mill forms the base for
the pedestal of a sun-dial.

4, Van Cortlandt Mansion, now a museum in the eare of the
Colonial Dames, built in 1748 (see inscription on walls) by Fred-
erick Van Cortlandt See tablet on the southeast corner Note
the quaint key-stones over the windows, probably brought from
HolLind. Here were entertained Washingtoti, Rochambeau, the
Duke of Clarence (later King William the Fourth) and others.
During the Revolution this structure was the headquarters for
the Hessian Jaegers, In one of the rooms Captain Rowe, of the
Pruicsbank Jaegers, expired in the arms of his bride -elect, hav-
ing been mortally wounded in an engagement with the patriots
in the Tippet t Valley. Here Washington stayed over night in
1781 previous to leaving for Yorktown, and again on November
§2, 1783, before crossing King's Bridge to enter New York^
ySee guide-book, to be obtained irou\ t\\e cws\.qS^sx\

181

ht m
jmber 1

Route 29 HISTORICAL GUIDE Van Cortlandt

5. The Rhinelander Sugar House Window is just northeast
of the mansion (see inscription). It was presented by J. T. O.
Rhinelander in 1903, and was formerly part of the old sugar
house in Rose and Duane Street (Excursion 1:46). This is fianked
by two cannon from Fort Independence (see 34).

6. The Statue of Major-General Josiah Porter is behind the
Mansion; it was presented by the National Guard, State of New
York, in igo*.

10. The Parade Ground, military camping place, lies to the north.. It is
the site of Van der Donck's Planting Field U653) where he located his bouw-
erie, secured by purchase from the Indians and gn'ant from Governor Kieft, and
about 1650 built a house near the site of the first Van Cortlandt house (8).
Later his lands were called Colendonck, or Donck's ,Colony,

Go east, then south, on Path to

7. The site of Van Cortlandt Saw and Grist Mills (1700) at the west end
of the bridge over the dam. These mills were in use for over two hundred
years; they were struck by lightning and burned in 1901, and the picturesque
ruins were later removed; one of the millstones is still to be seen on the bank
of the mill-race.

8. The site of the original Van Cortlandt House (1700) and the Van Der
Donck House (i6§o). Adrian Der Donck, the first white settler, came here
about 1650, built his house and established his bouwerie (see 10). His vast
estates were known as the Yonk-Herr's (Young Gentleman's) land, whence the
name of Yonkers.

9. The Berrian Burying-Ground, between the mansion and the
lake. Further east was the negro burying ground, where the
slaves of the early owners were interred. Across the lake may
be seen the extensive golf links of Van Cortlandt Park.

Van Cortlandt Lake was made in 1700 by throwing an em-
bankment across Tippett's Brook, the Mosholu of the Indians.

Follow the railway embankment to the north, cross the road and take
rough path beyond over the track and to the top of

11. Vault Hill and the Van Cortlandt Burial Vault. In 1776
Augustus Van Cortlandt, then City Clerk, carried the records of
New York City up here and hid them in this vault where they
were preserved during the Revolution. In 1781 Washington
built camp fires on this hill to deceive the British, while he was
withdrawing his troops to Yorktown. About a mile northeast is

12. Indian Field, on the Mile Square Road, Woodlawn Heights,
which was the scene, August, 1778, of a battle between the British
cavalry and a small party of Stockbridge Indians fighting on behalf
of the patriots. At Two Hundred and Thirty-seventh Street and
^It. Vernon Avenue an impressive cairn of stones and a tablet have

f2 erected, inscribed as follows :

182

Park THE BRONX 29 Route

Upon this Field, August 31, 1778, Chief Nimham and Seventeen

Stockbridge Indians, Allies of the Patriots,

Gave their Lives for Liberty.

Erected by Bronx Chapter, D. A. R., of Mount Vernon, N. Y.

June 14th, 1906.

N. B. — ^This may be reached with less walking by taking the Jerome Avenue
trolley from One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Street and Central Bridge to Two
Hundred and Thirty-third Street; go east to Mount Vernon Avenue and north
to Two Hundred and Thirty-seventh Street.

HISTORICAL GUIDE

ROUTE 29a.

SIDE TRIP A.--TWO HUNDRED AND FORTY-SECOND

STREET TO YONKERS.

From the Subway station go north and take road on left running

north (Newton Avenue, part of the old Post Road),

passing on the left

13. The 15th Milestone, recently reset by the City History
Club. Nqjte that this stone has the stonemason's name graven on
its face. About 400 paces north is the

14. Van Cortlandt's Miller's House, a white house built for
the miller of the old estate. Further along, on the left, is

15. The Hadley House, partly of wood unpainted and partly
of stone covered with vines. It probably antedates the Van Cort-
landt Mansion. It is said to have given shelter more than once
to Washington, and to-day stands on a 60 acre farm. In the ad-
joining woods many relics have been found, including old Eng-
lish muskets, and an Indian skeleton in a sitting posture, holding
a small child's skeleton in its arms. Tradition says that slaves
were kept in the old stone room in the south wing of the house.
Just above, north of Riverdale Lane, is the Samler House, the
older portion dating back to the Revolution.

Go cast to Broadway and take car to Valentine Lane. Walk west to
Hawthorne Avenue, passing remains of

17. Washington's Chestnut, a gigantic tree over two centuries
old. A tradition relates that Washington used this tree as a place
of observation.

18. The Lawrence House, at the corner of Hawthorne Avenue.
Washington stopped here and this is probably the house which
was given to Lawrence as a reward for his services as guide.

Go cast on ralcntitie Lane and south on Riverdale Avenue.

16. The home of Clara Morris, gate over the Yonkers line.
Go ti'cst on Two Hundred nd Sixty-first Street and take H, R. R. R.

train from Mt. St. Vincent.

19. Font Hill, the actor Forrest's old home (named for a
former owner, La Font), is a stone castle with six towers within
the spacious grounds of Mt. St. Vincent Acadeni}'.

Below Riverdale Station is

20. The former home of Mark Twain, Sycamore Avenue and
Two jlundred and Fifty-third Street, one block north of which

j's the Murosini Mansion.

184

THE BRONX

ROUTE 29b.

SIDE TRIP B— WESTERN BRONX.

From Two Hundred and Forty-second Street, go west on Spuyten
Duyvil Parkway to Dash's Lane on which see

21. The Gardener's Cottage, near Two Hundred and Thirty-
eighth Street and Greystone Avenue, built in 1766 by Frederick
Van Cortlandt.

The powder house in the woods was built about 1835 to store
powder for the Croton Aqueduct. Near by are extensive Indian
shell beds.

22. Upper Cortlandt's, or Van Cortlandt's on the Hill, to dis-
tinguish it from the house on the meadow below; the Stone
House was built in 1822 by Augustus Van Cortlandt and is now
owned by Waldo Hutchins. Further west, near Spuyten Duyvil
Parkway, in private property at the end of Two Hundred and
Thirty-seventh Street, is the

23. Cowboy Oak where tradition says Cowboys were hanged
during the Revolution.

24. The Berrian Farmhouse, at the point of Berrian's Neck,
commanding a magnificent view of the Hudson. See Cold Spring
across Spuyten Duyvil Creek (Excursion IV 193). See also sites
of Forts Nos. One, Two and Three.

No. One forms the foundation of W. C. Muschenhcim's house, Spuyten Duyvil
Hill, west of the junction of Sydney Street and Independence Avenue.

In his residence are cannonballs taken from the bank around the house,
and Indian shells from aboriginal pits discovered in 1909 under the lawn in
front of the house.

No. Two, or Fort Swartwout; crown of hill, northeast of intersection of
Sydney and Troy Streets.

No. Three, brow of Spuyten Duyvil Hill, north of Sydney and east of Troy
Street.

Under Spuyten Duyvil Hill is the site of the Indian Village of Nipinichsen,
from which Indians came who attacked Hudson in 1609.

Under the hill, west of Riverdale Avenue, is the Tippett Man-
sion, the home of the family for which Tippett's E^^o^V. -^-3^%
named.

18s

HISTORICAL GUIDE

DIA<GRAM
S E r T 1 N E E jtcuftaoi IX.
BROHX.

PtATE XXXV* RuUTEs 30, 31, 33* 34a*

C A',

THE BRONX

ROUTE 30.

SECTION II— CENTRAL BRIDGE TO UNIVERSITY

HEIGHTS.

(Figures refer to Plates XXXV and XXXVI).

Take Sixth or Ninth Elevated Road to One Hundred and Fifty-fifth

Street and Jerome Avenue car across Central Bridge and

north on Jerome Avenue, at first following

the line of the old Macomb's Dam Road.

25. Central Bridge is practically on the site of the old MacomVs Dam
Bridge, near which was the old Macomb Dam, making a . pond out of the
Harlem to supply the Macomb Mill at Kingsbridge. The dam was broken
down by a delegation of citizens about 1840 and, being declared a public nui-
sance, was finally abandoned.

A mile to the southeast, reached by walking east on One Hundred
and Fifty-eighth Street and south on Grand Avenue is

26. The Francis Mansion, at One Hundred and Forty-sixth
Street and Grand Avenue, built about 1830 by Captain Francis, in-
ventor of the metallic life-saving boats. He was offered knight-
hood by Queen Victoria and other honors by Germany, and fin-
ally received in his own country the " thanks of Congress." The
old Dutch oven is still in the basement.

Near One Hundred and Sixty-sixth Street the car passes on
the right the

27. Cromwell Farmhouse, about 150 years old, lying at the
head of Cromwell's Creek, where the wild geese gathered in such
flocks at night that sleep was almost impossible.

On the high ground to the west is the old Anderson Mansion,
almost on the site of the early home of Daniel Tourneur, the
original patentee of Devoe's Point (about 1675.) This was the
ancient Nuasin of the Indians. Jerome Avenue skirts the old Woolf
Farm, the first owner of which came over with the Hessian troops
during the Revolution and settled on Cromwell's Creek.

Leave car at
Featherbed Lane, so called because it was extremely rough
and stony or from the story that the Americans, surprised by the
British, were rescued by the ingenuity of the farmer^' wives, who
spread feather beds on the lane, thus enabling them to escape
without being heard.

'Walk west to Macomb's road, one of the oldest roads in this section,

to the

187

N. Y. University THE BRONX 30 Route

28. Townsend Poole Cottage. Note the date of erection, 1782,
in iron figures on the stone wall, reading backwards. In this
cottage were lodged the Esquimaux brought by Lieutenant Peary
from the far north.

Walk along Featherbed Lane west to Marcher (Shakespeare) Avenue,
then down to Jessup Place to the

29. DeVoe Cottage, built in 1804, one of the landmarks of the
region. The family is descended from the Huguenot family of
Devaux.

Walk down Jessup Place to Boscobel Avenue, then north to Wash-
ington Bridge, from the middle of which may be obtained fine
panoramic views north and south. Take Aqueduct Avenue car
to University Avenue.

30. New York University, removed here from Washington
Square in 1894 (Excursion II, Section III).

The Hall of Fame, to honor great Americans, was dedicated
on Memorial Day, 1901, when the first 29 tablets were unveiled.
II more were unveiled in 1905. Note the view of the Dyckman
and Nagel farms in Inwood Valley and of the heights of Fort
Washington. There is a small historical collection in the Li-
brary.

Tablet to mark site of Fort No. Eight, erected in 1900 on the
Chemistry Building by the Sons of the Revolution. The Schwab
mansion is within the site of the fort. (Refer to monograph on
" Fort No. Eight " by Prof. Schwab of Yale.) At the old stone
Archer House, just below, Colonel De Lancey of the Loyalist
" De Lancey Horse," had his headquarters, while the nearby Fort
No. Eight was occupied by the Americans.

The site of Fort No. Seven (no trace) is at Camman Place and Fordham
Road.

On the campus is a monument to the Founders of N. Y. Uni-
versity (built of material from the old building).

189

HISTORICAL GUIDE

ROUTE 30a.

SIDE TRIP A— TO JEROME PARK RESERVOIR.

(Figures refer to Plate XXXVI).

From N. Y. University tabe Aqueduct Avenue trolley north to Kings^
bridge Road, passing

31. The Moses DeVoe Cottage, at Fordham Road, built in
1782 and once owned by Peter Valentine. It was formerly the
parsonage of the Fordham Manor Church. Near by was the
tiny cemetery of the

32. Fordham Manor Dutch Reformed Church, Kingsbridge
Road and Aqueduct Avenue, the successor to the structure of
1706. Virginia Poe, wife of the poet, was first buried here. The
Poe Cottage, where Edgar Allen Poe and his wife lived, stands
on the old Kingsbridge Road, one-half mile east (see 69). The
large buildings to the southwest are those of the Roman Catho-
lic Orphan Asylum.

Go north on Claflin Terrace along the west side of Jerome Park
Reservoir, 300 acres in extent, occupying the site of the
Jerome Park Race Track. The reservoir has obliterated
the sites of the Belts and Bathgate Houses.

33. Fort No. Five (lately restored and marked by a flag-pole),
one of the chain of forts built by the Americans in 1776 to
command the valley below. This may have been an outwork of

34. British Fort No. Four, or the American Fort Independence (1776), The
site of this fort is now occupied by the residence of Wm. O. Giles, on Giles
Place, near Fort Independence Street. In 1772 General Richard Montffomery
dwelt in this section^ calling it his King's Bridge Farm. On his lana stood
until recently the rums of a Revolutionary powder magazine ^ known as Wash- .
ington's Powder House. On the edge of the hill is the

35. Site of the Montgomery Cottage, destroyed 1909, of Dutch architecture,
at Ileath Avenue and Port Independence Street. Across the old Boston Post
Road was the Farm of Dominie Tetard, Chaplain to (Jeneral Montgomery and
French Interpreter to General Schuyler, his house dating from 1776.

Go west to Broadway and take Subway.

190

THE BRONX

ROUTE 30b.

SIDE TRIP B.—WILLIAMSBRIDGE AND WAKEFIELD,

(Figures refer to Plate XXXVI and XXXVII),

Take lerame Avenue ir alley to Van Cortlandt Avenue and walk easi
to IVoodlawn Road, passing

36. The Isaac Varian Honie stead, erected in T776* the old
wing (now destroyed) dating from 1770. An encounter between
the British and Atnencans occurred here in 177^. the Continentals
driving their foes out of this house and along the Boston Post_
Road to Fort Independence.

Go south an IVoodlawn Road to Bainbridge Avenue.

37. The Church of the Holy Nativity, built into the walls of
which are three old tombstones, two of the Bussing family dated
1753 and one of the Valentme family.

Go east on Two Hundred and Fifth Street to Newell Avenue^ thence

north, passing 1

38. The Hennitage, a noted French restaurant. This locality
is the scene of Hopkmson*s Smith*s '* A Day at Lagnerre's "
and " Other Days/'

Go east and take Wiitiamsbridge trolley north on White Plains Road.
Near Williainshridge Square, see on the right

39. A Revolutionary House, painted red, its sides full of holes
made by British bullets.

Opposite the Catholic church is the site of the old WiUiams House,
tbe home of the family after which Williamsbridge is named.

40. The Husta'ce House, one of the oldest landmarks of the
region, Two Hundred and Twenty-first Street, facing an old white
house on a diffused lane.

41. The Havens House, northeast corner of Twenty-second
Street, very old and containing many relics, including the mahog-
any bedstead on which Commodore Perry died. It; is said that
the piano now in Washington's headquarters at Newburgh was
the property of Mrs. Havens while she was in the family of
Governor Clinton, by whom she was adopted. On the corner
of Two Hundred and Twenty-eighth Street stood the shingled (^o\^.!.«,
torn down in 1885, used for a time by \VB.a\\\i\^QT\ 1.^ Xx^-aAot^-a-^'v^"^'^^

191

DIAGRAM.

SECTION ££B) EXCUlSiWU

BRONX.

Plate XXX VII. Routes 30b, 34a.

C. K.

193

Woodlawn THE BRONX 30b Route

42. The Pcnfield Homestead, Demilt Avenue and Two Hun-
dred and Forty-second Street, east of White Plains Road, over
a century old. See quaint inscriptions on the old-fashioned win-
dows, hand wrought nails and timbers and Dutch bricks testify
to the age of the house.

At Demilt Avenue once stood the Thirteen Trees planted in early days by a
relative of the Paulding who helped to capture Andre. They have all yielded
to the onward march of progress, the last one, a black walnut, measuring 3
feet 8 inches at the butt, having been cut down a few years ago.

Return to Baychester Avenue and go west to Webster Avenue, pass-
ing, at Baychester and Matilda Avenues,

43. The former home of Adelina Patti, where she spent part
of her girlhood.

44. Washington's Chin House, on the old Hyatt Farm, west of
Webster Avenue and just below the car barns. Here Washington
is said to have stored his g^ns — hence the name of the adjoin-
ing settlement, Washingtonville.

Take Webster Avenue trolley south, passing

45. Woodlawn Cemetery. Among the 66,000 interments are
those of Admiral Farragut and Lieutenant De Long. The Receiving
Vault occupies the site of the Valentine Farmhouse. In the south-
east comer of the cemetery is an American redoubt thrown up by
American troops tmder General Heath.

HISTORICAL GUIDE

BIAGRAM,

Sec DOW J E ncuRSiON IK

BRONX,

Fi^^rt: XXXVJIL Routes 31, 33, -^.^n..

DHE BRON3

ROUTE 31.

SECTION in— HARLEM RIVER TO HUNTS POINT.

(Figures refer to Pktes XXXV and XXXVITT).

At One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Street^ foot of the Third Avenue
Elevated Road, take Fordhant trolley, passing^, at
Third Avenue and One Hundred and Thirty-
sixth Street

46. The old Mott Mansion^ formerly the home of the founders
of Mott Haveu. It is now used as two tenements*

47. The Mott Memorial Dutch Reformed Church, at Third
Avenue and One Hundred and Forty-fifth Street, erected by
Jordan L. Mott about 1849.

Go east to St. Ann*s Avenue and south to

48. St« Ann's Episcopal Church, at St. Ann*s Avenue and One
Hundred and Fortieth Street, contains a memorial window and
several tablets in memory of the Morris family. The church was
a gift from Gouverneur Morris. The vaults iu the grounds and
below the church contain the remains of many distinguished
members of the family, including Mrs. MorriSt a lineat descend-
ant of Pocahontas.

Co south to One Hufjdred and Thirty-third Street and take Southern
Boulevard trolley east.

49. Site of Goitiiemeur Morrif Mansion (line of One Hundred and TliJriitth
Strret and Cypr^^a Avemic), lately destroyed, the home of the Morris family
of MoTrtsania', where I^if aye ttc and other nntablt persona^ were entertained.
It W3i& ftlled with reUds, int^Tuding^ Moftis' wooden leg, GouverneuT Morris,
the statefrnian, soldier and diplomat^ owned rgao acres of Bronx real estate-
Indian pHs have been discovered tinder the lawn north of the hons^e. C^^■^e
by is the site of the h&me of Le^'h Mt^tris, a sljjner of the Declaration of In-
depc^ndence. Se« fine cyiiress trees at the corner; hence the name of the av-
enue.

Juat west, Tte&r the heicinning of Bronx KilT^ ia

SO* TiJe site of the home of Jonas Bronck^ the first settler in the Bronx^
l6j9 Ciee Historical Si«etch). The hotiae had a tiled roof and Bronck " used
real stiver on his table* had a table cloth and napkins, and jiossessed as inany
as six linen shirts." At this houset which was like a minianire fort, the
Ireaty was signed by the J>utch with the Weckquaeskeek saclicms, Ranaqua
and TackamucK, 164*,

Tn the Morris High School, at One Hundred and Sixty*sixth
Street and Boston Avenue, are two mural paintings by Edward
Wiliard (presented by the Municipal Art Society in 1907) rep-
resenting (1) the making of the Treaty of Peace between the
Dutch and Indians in 1642 at the house of Jonas Bronck and iz]
Gouverneur Morris before the Couvtntvotv iTTi.m\tv% ^^ ^^v.^
titufjon.

Passing Port Morris the tar goes near Leggett A vena*, formerly Le^etf's
. Uftr, al<mg vi^hich the Erhish n.iar€hedi pessmg a d*!iep cave ticar the Lotig-
w<Kjd Club Iloii5« iwhere the Americans had.* vihile m flight, hidden the bodies

rtvijiM ^lUfLT M. M --J LiL am^ nii.i.JV ■■ " "^ 4 1,111V ■ 1 bUI I t 3 H'UU, niJILV I'll .L4'lg,lll.| MIU!.n,J!J i. IJ v i/vrM-i^-=

of some of their companiotis. On the rigiit is the site of the IV hit lock or
CuMOttpva Maniyon (1^59)* in its day ane of the moat magnificent houses in
America, The door knobs were of solid gold and the liouse had secret rooms
and underground |>a5flages. Just beyond^ the Boulevard crosses Lafnyette
L^ne. Under the trees to the right was an old structure called the " Kissin^f
Bridge/'

Leave the car at Hunt's Point Road, cross the railroad bridge and

follow this road to the East River and back (a little more

than three miles round trip) passing- on the right

St* The site of the Locusts, of Revolutionary dayst the home of the tutor
of the Fai1« family, ifvho formerly taught in the family of Sir Walter Scott.
Beyond is

52, The site of Woodside, built in 1832^ the residence of the late E. G.
Fade.

Beyond is the east end of Lafayette Avenuej formerly the narrow LafayeitM
Latitf, In tSJ4 the French general traveled from tloston tg New York via
Fox Cornerst presumably to stay at one of the Lee;gett houses on Hunt's Point-
George Fo}c was one of the marahals of a dclegatinn of New York citjiens to
meet and escort him. The lane was thus named in his hcinor. Lafayette is
said to have *' paused in silent meditation at the grave of Joseph Rodman
Drake/' On the south side of Lafayette Avenue slahds

53, The Corpus Christ! Monastery* Adjoitiing is the extensive
new Children's Home. Across Hunl's Point Road is

54, SunnysidCf one of the finest residences in the Bronx, the
former home of Peter Hoe. Note the view of Manhattan, show-
ing St, Patrick's Cathedral, the Cathedral of St* John the Divine,
St. Luke's Hospital, Columbia Library and Grant's Tomb. A
fihort distance below Cherry Lane branches off, leading to the
Leggett Dock near the foundations of an old Leggett house.
Further along, nearer the Sound, is the site of Biyike, formerly
the residence of Francis J* BarettOp after whom Barelto*s Point
was named. It was of Revolutionary date and when its inside
shutters were closed, it W3?; a miniature fortress. Near by is

55, The George Fox Mansion, erected about 1848, with its
square tower.

Down in the field to the ^ right are the sited of the Jessup and Richardson
H^USttt near the ancient spring. In 1660* Governor Nicolls i^ranted 1,000 acres
in this recion to Kdward Jcssup and John Richardson, who had bought It
from the Indians. Among their descendants were the Hunts, after whom the
point is named, and thev were related to the earlv LeRxetts.

Id the Aeld opposite, on the long alope bejow the Spo^ord Mansion^ see the
site of the

Leggett buryine-gromndt whence ten bodies of early settlers were removed,
one being that of Mayor Le^igctt of Westchester.

On the left, beyond the eurve in the road, is the

56, Hunt Burying Grotmd, containing the grave of Joseph
Rodman Drake, author of *' The Culprit Fay/* " Bronx " and

Ode to the Airiertcan Flag,'* The stone is " a modest shafts

f hidden by the tangle of bushes and wild flowers that border the

marking the gr^vt oi a poet who knew and loved our o wa

J 196

THE BRONX

31 Ro^tc

neighborhood in the early days when all was countQ'-like and
the city far away/* The Lnscripdon reads:

Sacred to the Memory of

Joseph Rodman Drake* M. D*,

who died Sept. 2ist^ 1820,

"None knew him b«t to love him;

None named him but to praise/'

The burying^-ground is to be included in the new Joseph
Rodman Drake Park. See the ancient gravestones of the earliest
members of the Hunt family. Among the relics of the old Hunt
Inn is a pane of glass from one of the windows on which is
written with a diamond the names of Drake and Nancy Leggett*
Joined at the end with a bracket and the single word '* Love/*
The poet was a lineal descendant of the colonial Drakes, settlers
of Eastch ester.

Across the road is the

Graveyard of the slaves of early residents, among them being
"Bili/* the colored pilot of the Hussar (see Sj), Further down on
the left across the bridge are

S'^. Lord Howe's Intrenchmenta among a group of trees. In
the grave! pit on the east side have been found prehistoric stone im-
plements. Close by is an old cave, declared to have been a Revolu-
tionary powder house. At the extreme end of the Point is the

SB. Hunt Mansion, dating back to 168S, and built in four sec-
tions as the residents gradually added to their wealth, the most
ancient house on the estate which for two centuries has been
known as Hunt*s Point* Among^ the welcome guests here were
Drake and Halleck.

Return by neu* Hunt's Point Road to Southern Boulevard along which
near Fox Square^ see

59. Fox Comers, Here is the Foxhurst Mansion, built in 1848
by the late W, W. Fox^ one of original Croton Aqueduct Com-
missioners. Back of this stood the old Hunt Inn, erected in 1660^ a
noted tavern, the starting place of countless fox hunts and the ren-
dezvous of the Red Coat officers.

When burned in 1802, many interesting relics were found in
tis walla.

Route 31 HISTORICAL GUIDE Ambleside

60. Ambleside, opposite 59, formerly the residence of the
Simpson family, and the site of Brightside, the country seat of the
late Colonel R. M. Hoe, inventor of the rotary printing press.

Return by Subway from Simpson Street Station.

108

St. Pait/s Church, EA.ftTci\it^T¥.^
J^kai&^rafihed by RandaU Cnmfori,

THE NEW YO.J;
PUBLIC LIBf;/^Y

ASTOR, LENOX a N D
TILDHN FOUND. A -:',nS

THE BRONX

ROUTE 32.

SECTION IV.— WESTERN MORRISANIA, FORDHAM AND

BRONX PARK.

(Figures refer to Plates XXXV, XXXVI and XXXIX).

Take Third Avenue Elevated Road to One Hundred and Sixty-sixth

Street, or Subway to One Hundred and Forty-ninth Street

and Third Avenue Elevated Road to One Hundred

Sixty-sixth Street. Go west on One Hundred

and Sixty-seventh Street,

61. Old Stone Gate House, below One Hundred and Sixty-
seventh Street, west of Third Avenue. This is the oldest build-
ing in Morrisania and the only one standing that was there be-
fore the village was formed in 1848.

62. Wm. H. Morris Mansion, near Findlay Avenue, Built in
1816, near the site of an older house erected in 1795 by James
Morris. Just west is

63. The Morris Farmhouse, dating from 1792, a quaint stone
structure, partly destroyed.

Tak€ trolley north on Webster Avenue, passing

64. The Zbrowski Mansion, the present headquarters of the

Bronx Park Department, a solid stone building in Claremont

Park. It was built in 1859, and is evidently on the site of an

older building dating about 1676.

Beyond is the famous Black Swamp, where cattle have been lost since the
time of the Indians, and which for years defied the efforts of all contractors
to fill up.

Continue north on Webster Avenue, transfer east on Tremont Av-
enue, passing near the site of the Bathgate Mansion
Homestead, and north on Third Avenue Trolley.

At One Hundred and Seventy-sixth street is the site of the Bathgate Avenue
House, a very old structure, recently destroyed.

65. The Jacob Lorillard House, in the grounds of the Home
for Incurables at One Hundred and Eighty-second Street, now
the home of the Medical Superintendent. Here Poe once re-
cited "The Raven." Just below, at Oak Tree Place, was the
celebrated oak tree where met the boundaries of the ancient
manors of Morrisania, Fordham and the Jessup-Richardson Patent.
Leave trolley at Pelham Avenue and walk east to Washington Avenue.

66. Powell Farm House, Fordham's oldest hous'e, s;Lvd \» \i^
Jiaunted,

199

HISTORICAL GUIDE

DIAGRAM
SECTION 4. EXC IX,

Pirate XXXIX, Routes 32, 34a,

C K.

Fordham

THE BRONX

33 Route

67. Stenton Residence, scene of the recent murder (1906)^
having: secret rooms. In the rear stood an old barn, recently
l^urnedj said to have sheltered Washington's horses during the
Revolution. In front is the great Stenton Willow, 300 years
old,

IVaik west to Fordham Square.

68. Nolati*s Hotel, M^here Washington is said to have stopped
when he stabled his horses in the Stenton barn«

Walk west tif the hill along the Kingsbrtdge Road to the

69. Poe Cottage, where Edgar Allen Poe lived (1846-49) and
wrote many of his poemSj including *' Annabel Lee/^ "Ulalume*'
and '* Eureka." Here Virginiaj his invalid wife, died and was
buried from the Fordham Manor Dutch Reformed Church {32).
In Poe Park, directly opposite the cottage, is a bust of Foe
with an inscription^ erected by the Bronx Society of Arts and
Sciences on the centenary of his birth, January 19, 1909.

In the Cromwell House ("near 69)* lived an old lady who sup-
plied Poe with the necessities of life during his deepest poverty.

70. Valentine Farmhouse, further west on Fordham road, near
Concourse, remodeled into a modern residence.

Go back to Webster Avenue and take northbound car, passing on the

right

71. The grounds of Fordham University, or St. John's College
(founded 1841) J where was once Rase Hill Manor on which
stands the Rose Hill Manor Farmhouse; formerly here stood the
Hose Hill Manor House, 1693. Here was born Andrew Corsa, the
last of the famous Westchester guides to Washington and Rocham-
beau.

Leave the trolley at Bronx Park Station (passing enroute the Jacob
Berrian House) and visit the

72. Botanical Museum; open 9-5, see Appendix D.

73. Horticultural Hall.

74. Hf'mlock Grove (Forest Congress).

75. The Indian Well (Bath or Basin).

76. Lorillard Fall.

77* Lorillard Mansion Museum; open 2-5 p. m. (free), under
the auspices of the Bronx Society of Arts and Sciences; histori-
cal relics, photographs and objects of natural History, se^ K^^^-s\.-
jdix D.

aoij

Route 32 HISTORICAL GUIDE Bronx Park

78. Old Fashioned Flower Garden (Pierre Lorillard's famous
"Acre of Roses").

79. The Lorillard Snuff Mill.

80. Zoological Gardens; open 9-5, see Appendix D.

81. The Rocking Stone, near the restaurant.

Return via Subway from One Hundred and Eightieth Street Station.

THE BRONX

ROUTE 33.

SECTION v.— THROGG'S NECK.
(Figures refer to Plates XXXVIII and XL).

Party of 15 adults may secure pass in advance from Commandant,
Ft. Schuyler, to go on Government boat Tuesdays, Thursdays or
Saturdays.

Take Government boat for Fort Schuyler, passing en route

82. Port Morris, where the Great Eastern anchored after her
first trip to New York. Close by the

83. British FriRate-of-war Hussar sank (Nov. 23, 1780), reported laden
with a mass of British gold and American prisoners. Numerous attempts
have been made to recover the treasure, but in vain.

Copper rivets of the American prisoners* manacles, projectiles and parts of
the ship's woodwork have been found (56).

84. North and South Brothers Islands, the former containing
the City Isolation Hospital. A few feet off this shore, on June 15,
1904, sank the ill-fated General Slocum.

58. Hunt's Point, where can be seen the old Hunt Mansion
(1688). On this neck lies buried Joseph Rodman Drake (56).

85. Bronx River. During the Revolution the British fleet re-
ceived orders " to proceed up the Bronx and attack the Yankees
in hiding above!" An English officer reported, "We have
crossed the Bronx without the loss of a single man!"

86. Clason's Point, where Thos. Cornell settled in 1643.

An ancient stone farmhouse, formerly standing close to the shore was shelled
by Lord Howe's fleet as the ships passed enroute to Throgg's Neck, October,
1776.

Some of the stones have found their way into the structure
of the Clason's Point Inn, part of which is the house con-
structed by Cornell in 1643 and burned by the Indians the same
year.

87. Screven's Point (mouth of Westchester Creek), where
may be seen the Wilkins Farmhouse and the Wilkins Home-
stead. Here the Sewanoe Indians had a fortified castle, whence
the name "Castle Hill." At this point- Adrian Block saw Indians
and their wigwams on his voyage of discovery (1614). Within
the Wilkins Homestead several Loyalist clergymen, including
kev. Isaac Wilkins, rector of St. P^t^t'^, ^xv\ ^v^\. ^^^^ . "^-^^^^^
Seabury, the Bishop, were h'lddetv *m ^ %^q.x^"^ O^-^-w^^"^. ^^^'^

food being /owered to them tVvTou^V\. ^ Vx^^ ^oo-t.

Route 33 HISTORICAL GUIDE Ft Schuyler

88. Zerega's or Ferris (Ferry) Point, called "Grove Siah's"
by its colonial owner, Josiah Hunt, whose father, Thomas Hunt,
received a patent for it from Governor Nicolls. On this point
stands the Ferris Mansion built 1687, said to be the oldest house
in the Bronx.

89. Throgg's Point, styled in old records "Frog's Point," at
the extremity of which stands Fort Schuyler, where the boat
lands. The fort was established in 1833. Throgg is an abbrevia-
tion of Throckmorton, the name of a colonist who settled here
in 1642, obtaining his "land brief" from the Dutch. One of his
companions was Roger Williams.

THE beok::

ROUTE 33a.

SIDE TRIP TO WESTCHESTER VILLAGE.
(Figures refer to Plate XL).
This involves a walk or drive of five miles unless points 92-95 ^^e*
omitted, in which case two miles may be saved by taking the
trolley from the jiinction of Fort Schuyler Road and Eastern Boule-
vard direct to 96.

Follozu the Thfogg's Neck or Fort Schuyler Road to the Eastern
Boulevard t passing
On the left the extensive Havemeyer estate, where the British, un-
der Howe, landed for their attack on Westchester, October 12, I77^>

90. Hammond House, under the great trees near Pennyfield
Road, erected in 1800 by Abijah Hammond and recently re*
modeled. Beyond the fence is

91. The Roberts Homestead, former home of the founder
of Roberts College, Constantinople, Across the lane is the Van
Schaick Mansion, in the grounds of which is a cedar of Le-
banon, declared to be the finest specimen of its kind in the United
States.

To the west is the country home of the late Collis P. Huntington.
Take trolley to Westchester (omtfiHg 92-95) or folhnif the Eastern
Boulet?ard to the Middietown Roadj passing

92. Ferris Mansion, in the Westchester Cotantry Club grounds,
used as Lord Howe's headquarters after the landing at Throgg's
Neckp October, 1776. Marks on the staircase are said to have been
made by the hoof of one of the officer's horses. The house was saved
from destruction by the British fleet through the heroism of the mis-
tress who calmly walked up and down the veranda.

To the west is the original

93. Ferris House, owned for a time by the early settlers of
that name.

Follow the Eastern Boulezmrd and the Petham- (Af^pteton) Road, iHrn
north a short distance, and see

94. The Spy Oakp said to be the largest of its kind east of the
Rockies* A British spy is supposed to have been hanged from it
during the Revolution and there is much legendary lore connected
with the old forest monarch.

95. The P&ul House, just t\ott\i, \5 ox\tL o\ xVt ^\^^%*^ \x^?^-
marks of the region.

HISTORICAL GUIDE

"VT r>rx^Ti»irc 11- I'xa..

Westchester

THE BRONX

3Sa Route

Return to Pclham Road and cross the

g6, Westchester Creek Causeway, where, on October 12th.
1776, was fought an iniporunt battle between the Americans under
Heath and the British under Howe, The patriots ripped up the plank-
ing of the old causeway just before the enemy reached the spot, and
greeted their approach with a volley, repulsing them. Two days later
the English brought up their cannon and began a fortification where
the Westchester Presbyterian Church now stands, but withdrew their
troops and guns a few days later. Howe then sought to join with
the He&sians near New Rochelle, a feat accomplished only after a
desperate struggle with Glover at Pclham*s Neck (See Section VI
and "The Battle of Pelham Neck:" Abbott.)

Westchester Village was called by the Dutch Oost-Dorp and
the whole region was known as yredeland, or Land of Peace. The
village is th^ oldest in the county, having been first j^ettled by the
Puritans in 1650. The site was purchased from the Indians in 1654
by Thomas Pell, and was described as "all that tract of land called
Westchester."
gy. Bowne House, west of the causeway, once used as a store.
98. St. Peter's Church, on Westchester Avenue^ fourth build-
ings on this site, the first having been erected in 1700. The chime
of bells IS said to have been presented to the church in the time
of Queen Anne. The churchyard contains stones dating back to
1813. Beyond the Sunday School building is the site of a Quaker
Meeting House, while another stood just west. Both were
destroyed by fire* it is said, on the same night. Near by flows
the Indian Brook, on the banks of which the celebrated George
rf'ox is said to have addressed the first Quaker meeting held in
BLmerica (1672). To the west is

cjg. St Peter's Rectory (opposite Glebe Avenue) standing on
^Und forming part of the '^ Ancient Glebe/' given by the town in
K03* 1

H Return by trolley to the Third Avenue Elevated or Subway,
H N. B. li the water trip to Fort Schuyler is omitted, take West-
^Blester Avenue trolley from One Hundred and Forty-ninth Street Sta-
Bon of the Suburban Branch of the Elevated Road, or the Subway

Station at One Hundred and Forty-mnth Su^^t "ax^i. ^^A^'csfi^ 'fes^^'ccis^^
^gpJ reverse the order of points.

HISTORICAL GUIDE

Plate XLI. "Ro\3T£. ^a«

20&

THE BRONX

ROUTE 34-

SECTION VL— CITY ISLAND AND PELHAM BAY PARK.

(Figures refer to Plate XLI).

(Latter part of trip recommended as a carriage or bicycle tripi as it
involves between 4 and 5 miles walking.)

At One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Street station of the lliird Av-
enue Ekvated take Harlem River Branch of the Ne^LV Haven
R. R. la Bartmif (trains teazle 15 minutes before every hour).
At Bartow take horse car for City Islandt passing
100. Glover's Rock. Read the tablet— (erected by the Mt, Ver-
non Chapter of the D. A. R, in 1901), describing the Battle of Pell's
Point (Oct. j8, 1776), which beg^an near this rock, when 750 men
under Colonel Glover detained Howe long enough for Washington
to reach White Plains in safety* Cannon-balls were fonnd here when
the railroad track was beini^ constructed, and a distincily marked
Indian pot-hole wa<^ discovered.

10 r. Site of Indian burymg-ground, where Indian remains have
been found. There were two Indian villages on this neck, one near
the Ka^jtern Boulevard and one on the very extremity of Felham
(Rodman*s) Neck. Before crossing the bridge see the

102, Marshall Mansion^ or Colonial Inn. While crossing the
new bridge, see just north of the present structure the approaches
of the

103, Old City Island Bridge , originally spanning the Harlem
at Harlem Village^ some of the timbers having been taken from the
old frigate man-of-war "North Carolina." Previous to its erection
here, City Island was reached by ferry.

City Island, "the Pearl of the Sound/' or " Gem of the Ocean "
received its present pame becau^^e a city w^as planned here to otjtstrip
New York, li is said that the oyster culture started here. Note the
rural appearance of streets and houses*

From the end of the car line, walk on to the end of the island, pass-
ing on the left the

104, Horton Homestead, the oldest house on the island. Most
of City Island was once comprised in the HQtVti^ ^-^.t^s^. CX^'=s.'5l
by is the Bcldcn Mansion, wU\\ exHtri'&'wt i^^i^v\^5i^> -ax ^^v^is^-^

Point. To the shipyard here sorae ol Km^xXc.^^ Oa^^ ^^^'^^^'^''^1
MFC sent to be broken up into sctap-'^iotu

Route 34 HISTORICAL GUIDE City Island

From the dock see about one mile south

105. Stepping Stoneg Light, so called from its location on one
of the " Devil's Stepping Stones," an irregular line of rocks jutting
out into the Sound. According to an old legend the Evil One made
his retreat over these stones from Westchester County to Long Island
to escape the vengeance of his Indian foes. Heaping up all the stones
he could find in Long Island at Cold Spring, he hurled them at his
enemies in Westchester, thus accounting for the number of boulders
in Westchester and the freedom from them in Long Island. In a
boulder southeast of Eastchester may be seen the likeness of a foot
said to be the Devil's imprint.

Returning go to the right at Ditmar*s Street to see the

106. Macedonia Hotel, on the eastern shore. Read the in-
scription which states that the wing is part of an English frigate
"Macedonia " captured by Decatur during the War of 1812. Visit
the old cabin and see the mast-hole, hammock-hooks and iron
ring to fasten the guns, also the officers' staterooms.

See from here Hart'i Island, the ** Potter's Field " of New York
City.

Take the car back to Barton, and follow the Eastern Boulevard about
half a mile north to the

107. Bartow Mansion, the summer home of the Crippled Chil-
dren's Association.

Not far awav ia the site of the original Pell Afanor House, though some
Hav that it was on the extreme end of I'elhant Neck, Manv tales are told of
this house, under the title of '* Myateriea of a IVlham I'arm House."

In the center of a large field in front are the remains of the

108. Pell Treaty Oak, the famous tree where Thomas Pell
in 1654 simu'd the treaty with the Sewanoe Indians, purchasing about
lo.uoo acres from them (see Comfort's History of the Bronx, p. 53).

lUtwci-n the Hartow Mansion and the Sound is the
io(). Pell Family Burial-ground. Note the four (modern)
stone corner-posts, with the emblem of the Pell family, A Pelican
(horned, and each bearing a different inscription. Read the inscrip-
tion on the large centre-stone.

Return to the Boulevard and continue to the white stone gate-posts

leading to

ra Hunter*a Island, where see the Hunter-Tselin Mansion,
:$ier home of " The Little Mothers.'* Ow \\\v; sviwxXwiwsv ^\0^^ q\
hncf are said to be the great Indian tocV. Muhow vvvvi vV^t ^g^v^.N^%

210

Split Rock

THE BRONX

34 Route

of two Indian sachem s» The Indian name for this region was
Lauphawockking (the place of stringing beads).

Take the right-hand road over to Hunter* s Island leading to the
II r. Twin Island, on the second of which stands the Ogden
Mansion, From this point' a fine marine view may be enjoyed.
Return an the Boulevard to Prospect Hill Azfenue {Split Rock Road).
along which Glover's gallant men so stubbornly resisted the advanc-
ing Briti^^h.

Follow Split Rock Road to the

112. Collins House, or John Joshua Pell Mansion, one of the
Pell homes.

113. Split Rock is a gigantic boulder, cleft squarely in twain,
a good sized tree growing in the crevice. Tradition states that the
early home of Ann Hutchinson (for whom the Hutchinson River is
named) was near this spot. She came here in 1642 with her younger
children and her son-in-law, and m the same year her cabin was
bunied by the Indians, and all but one of her family were killed, her
eight-year-old daughter escaping, only to be captured- Some say
she perished on the crest of Split Rock,

Cross the City Line and continue to Boston Road; then follow Wolfs
Lane, line of the American retreat, '

At the corner of this lane and Boston Road is another

114. Pell House, remodeled and modernized. At the foot of
the hill is

115. The stately stone Pell Mansion, perhaps the finest of
all, with its splendid columns and iron lattice- work, and the family J
coat of-arms. In the woods near by is the

116. Lord Howe Chestnut^ where Howe and his generals
lunched on Oct. 18, 1776, while resting during their pursuit of the
Americans, Some say that they lunched at the Pell House (114), tak*
ing the old lady's last turkey.

117. Hutchinson River Bridge, where the battle of Pell's
Point ended and the day was saved for Washington, This bridge is
on the line of the original Boston Road, opened in 1672, .

Take trolley to Mt. Vernon. j

HISTORICAL GUIDE

ROUTE 34a.

SECTION VIL^EASTERN MORRISANIA AND WESTj
FARMS TO EAST CHESTER.

(Figures refer to Plates XXXV, XXXVII. XXXVIII and XXXIX).

From West Farms to East ch ester involves a walk of about five miles.
Take Third Avenue Elevated Road to Lenos Avenue ^ Subway
Express to One Hundred and forty-ninth Street and Third Av-
enue and change to north-hound West Farms trolley, running
along Third Avenue (formerly the old Post Road) and Boston
Road to West Farms, passing on the right at One Hundred and
Fifty- sixth Street the site of the

Old srhiwi house whtre many of the children of the early residents received
their first tritimnf?. Near the Thiriy'sixtb Precinct Station t!ic Avenue turns
to the rtghl, crosfvng ^herc once flowed olil Miit Brook , the division line in
thoui^andR of titles for real estate^ On ita banks once stood the old Mfrrrisania
min, ihus giving it the tWic of Saw MitI Bft>0k. At One Hundred and SKty*
first Street is the new Court House on the site of the old Hammer Hfflel.
West on Third Avenue^ near One Hundred and Sixty- third Stre<?t, stocrd the
shinRl^ed Ceorgi House, o^e of the three huUdings standing on Gouverneur Morria*
farm m iS^^S when he ^d it to be cut up into building lots to form ttie vilt&ge of
Morrisania. I^lere the ear climbs the steep hiU of Boston Hoad^ What in now
Third Avenue north of this point was once the narrow and shaded Fordttam
Loitip, eKtendin;; throuEh the fields and woo^^s of the Morris farm,

At Boston Road and Cauldwell Avenue, below One Hundred ^nd Sixty-sixth
Street, was Pudding Rack^ a gigantic glacial boulder where the Indians hctd
their corn feasts, and ^ under the eocd shade of which the tired Huguenots
paused to rest on their long Sabbath journey from New Rochcllc to New
Vofk,

118* The Tenth Milestone, at One Hundred and Sixty-eighth
Street, marks the distance from the EngHsh City Hall on Wall
Street.

Opposite Union Avenue is the site of the Jennings Homerteadf known also
as the Drivers' Inn and tJie Old Stone Jug, built in the middle of the iSth
Century,

119* At McKinley Square* One Hundred and Sixty-ninth Street
and Boston Road, see the flag'^pole and tablets on tree^ itt mem-
ory of Lincoln, Garfield and McKinley; note also Civil War
mortar and cannon halls.

On the east side of the junction with Minford Place Is the ^tte of The Spy
Hcusf. In this little building, it is said, lived an American spy who played
in the neighborhood the part of Cooper's spy at Mamaroneck. Where ihe
Southern Boulevard croitfes may be seen the

ijO. Old Hunt House where Washington stayed over tiight

wliile holding an important conference with a spy.

Leave the car at One Hundred and Settenty-sevenih Street and go

mrih i& On^ Hundred and Eighiieth Street,

212

West Farms THE BRONX 34a Route

West Farms preserves the appearance of a country village.

Just below rises the stone Crowther Homestead, dated about

1816, containing interesting carved white marble mantels. Poe

\(ras a frequent visitor here.

At the right pass the site of the DeLancey Block House, a noted place for
the Royalists until destroyed in a midnight attack by Aaron Burr during the
winter of 1779. It stood on the land of the Peabody Home (One Hundred and
Seventy-ninth Street), the building preceding which was known as the Uncle
Daniel Mapes Temperance House.

Near One Hundred and Eightieth Street stands the venerable

Purdy Mansion, dating from 1820. Two blocks west on One

Hundred and Eightieth Street is the old

121. West Farms Presbyterian Church, built 1804, opposite the
new Beck Memorial. Many veterans of the Civil War are inter-
red in the old church cemetery. While excavating near by, the
skeleton of a Revolutionary officer was found, clad in Continen-
tal regimentals.

At the lower end of Bronx Park, see ruins of

122. Ly dig's Mills, built in early times. Just north stood the quaint John-
son's Tavern, an ancient inn where the stage-coach from Boston to New York
stopped to change horses.

Go north along the east side of the Bronx through the Park,

123. DeLancey Pine, 150 feet high, in the thick branches of
which the American sharpshooters used to hide while picking off
the British in the DeLancey Block House.

" Memorial of the fallen great,
The rich and honored line,
Stands high in solitary state
DeLancey's ancient pine."

124. Fording Place where all travelers had to wade their steeds
through the river. Beyond is the old hamlet of Bronxdale, near
which is

Bear Swamp (so-Called because long the haunt of bears), on the site
of a Sewanoe Indian village which remained until 1789.
Cross the broad Pelham Parkway; continue north on the Boston
Road through Spencer's Corners,

In the woods to the left is the

125. Underbill Burying Ground, said to have been bought by
that family from the Indians. A mile beyond is an old house on
the height of ground from which may be obtained a fine view of
the surrounding country.

126. 15th Mile Stone, near Two Hundred and T^^T\.\.-3-^^^Qrsx^
Street, Half a mile further

Route 34a HISTORICAL GUIDE Eastchester

Cross Rattlesnake Brook into Eastchester.

127. Rattlesnake Bbook was named from the reptiles which flourished here,
one six feet in length being slain as late as i775- Bears, deer and wolves
abounded in Eastchester and the remains of a large wolf pit are still visible
on the Purdy Estate.

Follow Eden Terrace west to

128. Seton Falls, the great Seton Cave, the Indian Hiding Place
and some Indian Fortifications, all concealed in the dense woods, now
close to the new line of Two Hundred and Thirty-third Street.

Village of Eastchester, one of the oldest in this section. On
all sides are evidences of Indian occupation, quantities of arrow
and spear heads heing found all about Wigwams occupied the
site of the old Morgan Residence, while a fortified castle of the
Sewanoes stood on the hill behind the Fowler Mansion; on this
same hill the early settlers erected in 1675 a " General Fort "
for mutual protection.

On the right of the road may be seen Odell's Bams dating
from Revolutionary days, now almost in ruins.

Walk down Mill Lane to the

129. Reid's liiller's House. On the marshes stood the famous
Reid's Mill, a tide-mill which once ground grain for the farmers
for miles around. It was built in i739-

Return to the Post Road and go north on Provost Avenue or White

Plains Road.

130. Vincent-Halsey House, the smaller portion being of Revo-
lutionary date. Nearby was the old Guion Inn, a Revolutionary
tavern where Washington once stopped and mentioned in his diary
that these roads were " immensely rough and stony."

131. Groshon House, a quaint old landmark, the former resi-
dence of a Huguenot family, " Gros-Jean."

132. St. Paul's Church, built in 1765, opposite the site of the
first building erected in 1699. During the Revolution St. Paul's
was used as a British hospital. See the historical collection,
which includes an old Prayer Book and Bible. These, together
with the great bell, were buried during the war in the Vincent-
Halsey grounds. After the war, while the old church was used
as a court of justice, Aaron Burr pleaded here many causes.

The lawn opposite St. Paul's Church was the colonial village

green. Here stood the first church structure, erected 1699, and

i/sed as fuel by the British while occupying the present build-

in^. Here were also the village stocks, dating from 172a In

214

Ct. Paul's THE BRONX 34a Route

the locust trees which still stand was fastened the iron staple
to which criminals were tied to receive punishment.

St. Paul's Churchyard, containing 6,000 bodies. Note the quaint
inscriptions on the tombstones, the oldest being dated 1704.

Return by trolley to Mount Vernon and train to New York,
N B. Section VII could begin here, the route being reversed.

NOTES

218

PART THREE

BOROUGH OF BROOKLYN
EXCURSIONS XII AND VIII.—ROUTES 35-43.

EXCURSION NO. XII.— HISTORIC BROOKLYN. PART 2.
By George W. Nash, M. D.

HISTORIC BROOKLYN

BIBLIOGRAPHY

"History of New York," by Brodhead.

"Historic New York" (Half Moon Papers), by M. W. Goodwin.

" Historic Homes on Long Island," by Henry Whittemore.

" History of Long Island," by B. F. Thompson, 2 vols., 1843.

"Early Long Island," by M. B. Flint, 1896.

" History of Long Island," by Peter Ross, 3 vols. 1903.

"Historic Long Island," by R. R. Wilson, 1902.

" The County of Kings and City of Brooklyn," by H. R. Stiles, 1884.

" History of the City of Brooklyn," by H. R. Stiles, 3 vols., 1867-70.

" History of the City of Brooklyn," by S. M. Ostrander, 2 vols., 1894.

" Historic and Antique Scenes in Brooklyn and its Vicinity," by

T. W. Field, 1893.
"The Eagle and Brooklyn," by H. W. B. Howard, 1893.
"The Prison Ship Martyrs," Captain Fitch's Diary, 1776.
"History of the Town of Flatbush," by F. M. Strong, 1908.
"Social History of Flatbush," by G. L. Vanderbilt, 1899.
"Brooklyn's Gardens" (Flatbush), by C A. Ditmas, 1908.
" Chronicles of Erasmus Hall."

PUBLICATIONS OF THE LONG ISLAND HISTORICAL
SOCIETY

Vol. I. " The Journal of a Voyage to New York and a Tour in
Several of the American Colonies, in 1679-80." By Jasper Dankers
and Peter Sluyter (Labadist Journal). Translated and Edited by
Henry C. Murphy.

Vol. li. " The Battle of Long Island," by Thomas W. Field, 1869.

Vol. III. " The Campaign of 1776 Around New York and Brook-
lyn," by Henry P. Johnston, 1878.

HISTORICAL GUIDE

(SfPAaLm)^ Britisfi Li/if ot^^tfance

j- J^ms mmn TroaAA

^wM*,t Cr&ssesi- AmerrtOi* Pii£ift&/f&

Plate XLIII. BxtTLE of LfJNG Island.

By permmion from Stiles* *' The County of Kinp and Oty of Bfooklyn,"

published by \V. W. MuaselL ( Redraw n).

K^v *o \h€ Map

A. At Gowanus. where Grant opened the battle with the Americans under

B. Ainencan' position under Sullivan in Greenwood Cemetery, attacked by the

He^ians under Dellcister*
C: Uoiv^^s ftQshion at the rear of Sullivan,

jp. I/pn^rd's Hali W^y House, ^ * . > . z ^

Mi Howt^'s Jfn^l position on the Amcdcan flahk, GrarvV attatkvRi. va \\^t tm^t,
£f^ri I^utjiam (now Fort Greene i. ^

^rooiayo I^^rrr, line of Amedcan retr^t ^H

ROOKLYN

HISTORICAL SKETCH OF BROOKLYN

Tht Broolclyti of to*day was made up hy Ihe coiusolidalipn of several small
towns, all of which retain in some meaisure their early characteristics.

The earliest settlerments were in what inay be called the Greater Brooklyn:
those of Bennett and Beiilyn at Gowanus in ffijC, and tbat of Rapelic at Wall-
about in i6ty. Other acrqttlsitions were made by purchase from the Indian*;,
ynlil the rndian title to all the west end of Lung Island was cxtirtKuished* Even
in early days, the population of Manhattan overflowed its own boundaries and
some of its inhabitants sought the fertile plains of Long Inland for their farms
and homes* This necessitatsd some means of ready communkation, and a ferry
was established as irarly a^ 1651; then, as now* this ferry started from the foot
of Fulton Street, although the shore lines are not the same as they were at
that n'finiv

Difficulties with^ the Indians on the mi^inland. brovight about by the bad ad<
Tninistration uf Kieft* extended to Long L^bnd, and the is^eltlements were al-
most w^iped out by Indian forays. Other settlers, came later^ and a village sprang
up along the hignway to Flatbush, about a mile from the fcrry^ tt was this
village that was named Breuckelen^ for an old town in Holland not far from
AmBterdam;, thi^ waB in 1643, when a charter with associated privilei^es was
granted* A hamlet grew up also at the ferry and was known as Verry ViLlaefe.

Lender the Dutch the settlements proBressctt slowly^ At the time when
Stuyvesant suceeeded Xieft, there was " conniderable dtiscontent amon^ his own
people; jealous neighbors looked with longing eyes on the thrtfly farms/' and
the Indians, feeling keenly their past wrongs, wt-rc brooding, plottinj^ and
waiting. Stuyvesant's rule was arbitrary and brooked little opposition; still the
inhabitants obtained some measure of local self-government end the town made
some advance. Church services were held in 1654. although the town did not
bave a minister of its own until rC6o; a market and school were also estab-
lished. As eleewhere in the colony^ slavery existed in a mild form until finally
abolifihed in 1S25.. The Indian outbreak of 1663, which seem? to have been a
general riring, brought from the [Hitch farmers the statement that " the town
could not afford a standing army of 8, to or 12 men/' the number requested.

The tran&ition from Dutch to English rule affected the town very little.
The short period of the Dutch rc-occupation (167:2-3) was noted chiefly for the
alacrity with which the farmers took the oath of allegiance and little change
waa experienced when the English again came into possession. In 1675 Brooklyn
bad 60 assessed persona with a valuation of 5204 pounds sterling. In 1679 a
little flare-up of Dutch temper wag^ shown when the sturdy inhabitants vented
their feelings on the Kinfjs Arms in the CoijTt House- Fulton Street^ at first
merely a narrow lane leading from Ferry Village to Breuckelen. was ordered
regtilarly laid out C1704) to East Hampton and was tn be four rods wide. It
became part of the first post road through Long Island in 1764 and in 1S67 It
was widened, . .

In 1734* at the first town meeting after the Revolution, it was discovered
that alt the town records had dtgapneared, and it is supposed that they were
removed to England by members of the Kapelje family who sided with the
British and whose estates bad been confiscated.

Th£ BattU sf Lens Island

The British, landing on Long Island in August. 177^, found that the Ameri-
cans! bad covered three of the four roads leading to Brooklyn, where forti-
fications bad been thrown up from Gowanus to Fort Putnam, now Fort Greene*
Tbe fourth a roundabout way on the Jamaica Road, had been neglected and the
mtrategic importance of this pass was at once recogni^^ed by the British. General
Flowe* sending two detach men is under Grant hy the shore road to Gowanus,
and a column of Hessians under DeHeister by the middle pass, himself took
the Jamaica Road. , „ * ^ ^l * • 1

The baitle began on August 27, when Grant 3 men met the Americans under
StirlioE and pushed them Uck toward the position (now covered bif Creen-
wo<^d Cemetery) occupied by Sullivan. In the meantime Howe, on reaching
rCird n.lf'^Wny iJoiise on the Jam^k:. Ro^d. VmTve^ %V^nM V;^ ^^.^^^^

' hitherto remained inactive, theti px^slatii Vwi ii^ ^>c^t \^^x*. ^tv^ >^

225

Sketch HISTORICAL GUIDE of Brookl^m

Americans were forced to retreat, SulUvan being captured. Immediately Howe
,sent forward troops against Stirling, while Grant, made aware of this move-
ment, pressed heavily against them, and here again the Americans, caught in a
trap, were compelled to retreat, losing Stirling. The day of disaster to the
Americans closed with an exhibition of devoted bravery on the part of the Mary-
land regiment who held back the British until their struggling companions could
reach safety. The British did not push the advantage gained and thus gave
Washington opportunity, under cover of a fog, to transport all his men safely
to New York.

The British kept possession of Brooklyn and occupied it until the end of the
war. With a number of regiments quartered here, the people felt martial rule
keenly, as the gay life of .the soldiers contrasted strongly with the condition
of the patriots and a scene of waste and desolation was revealed after the
evacuation. During this period the first Brooklyn newspaper was issued.

In spite of the presence of the British and of the general apathy of the
people, there were men patriotic enough to loan the government large sums of
money, through the medium of American prisoners of war. After the evacuation
the town slowly pulled itself together; new ferries were established, churches
and schools organized, mills started, a fire department introduced and a bridge
to New York suggested. At a town meeting of the trustees held just prior to
the act of incorporation in 1816, it was decided that the usual supper at the
end of the deliberations should be at individual expense and not a public
charge. Incori)oration put a stimulus on the people and the shiftless village
grew steadily in importance and character until in 183^ a city charter was
granted. As a city, Brooklyn made a quiet and substantial growth, expanding
slowly to meet new conditions until in 1840 it covered 12 square miles, with a
population of ^0,000.

In 1854 Williamsburg and Bushwick were absorbed and in course of time the
neighboring towns of I'latbush, Gravesend, New Utrecht, New Lots and Flat-
lands were annexed, so that at the time of its own incorporation with New
York in 1898, Brooklyn had an area of 50,000 acres and a population of nearly
1,000,000.

In 1909 the city had 396 Protestant and 97 Roman Catholic Churches, besides
^i synagogues, thus entitling her to be called the ** City of Churches." The
immense docking facilities show the energy of her business men, while their
philanthropic impulses may ^ be seen in many directions.

N. B. For detaHed accounts of the former villages named above see Secttons
I, II and III, and Excursion VIII,

BROOKLYN

ROUTE 35a.

SECTION I.— WILLIAMSBURG

Take Grand Street car from Manhattan side of the IVilliamshurg

Bridge*

Note, while crossing:, the Queensboro Bridge and Blackweirs
Island to the left. The city has utilised the space under the ap-
proaches to the bridge from the Williamsburg Plasma as a play-
ground for children. See on the left in the Pla^a the equestrian
statue of Washington^ presented to the city by ex- Register James
R. Howe; it was designed by Henry W. Shrady and cost $SOtOoo.
The Plaza is the starting poiut for cars running in every direction.

Williamsburg. The village, named for Colonel Wtlliams, U.
S. A., who surveyed the land, was begun soon after the Re vol u-
tioti. In i?92 a New York merchant named WoodhuU established
a horse ferry from Grand Street to this section and the village
clustered around the ferry. It grew rapidly, due to natural advan-
tages, nearness to New York, and convenience to the farmers
of the interior* A second ferry was started soon after and the
rivalry thns induced stimulated growth. A church was organ-
ized, a school and a distillery were added and many improvements
followed. The village secured a charter in 1S27, and in 1829 it
had a population of 1007* Then came speculation and the crash
of 18371 after which the town settled down to steady growth and
prosperity. In 1849 it became a city, and in 1852 it had a popu-
lation of 40,000; in 1854 it was annexed to Brooklyn, The neces-
sary expansion of New York City to accommodate its increasing
population, together with the erection of the bridge, has coin-
pletely changed the farms of old Williamsburg to a compactly
built city.

Route 35a

HISTORICAL GUIDE

Williamsburg

Plate XLIV.

C. K.

Nearly all the old landmarks have disappeared and it is difficult to
locate the landmarks of but a few years ago. The Town Hall
was situated at the corner of Bedford Avenue and South Second
Street, now occupied by the Brooklyn Union Gas Co. The old
building: was torn down previous to 1874.

At the corner of Metropolitan and Bedford Avenues is an

old hip-roofed house and another may be seen at the corner of

Bedford Avenue and South Third Street. On the opposite side of

///c avenue is a diJapidated brick building, the remains of the

"*y//rc\'s/a/ 7ul?cniaclc (demolished 1909).

22S

BROOKLYN

ROUTE 3sb.

SECTION IL— GREENPOINT,

Take a " Cross Town " car from the Pia^a at Williamsburg.

The earliest settlement at Greenpoint was that of Dirck Volck-
crtsen in 1645, whose house was on the shore at the foot of the
present Caiyer Street, He was also called Dirck the Norman^
from which is derived the name of Norman^s Kill. Greenpoint
was known as the " Keike " or " Keikout," meaning ** Lookout
Bluff/'

There was no attempt at any village organization until 1660,
when ihe inhabitants were required to concentrate^ so as to be
belter prepared against Indian attack.

The place had several owners; in 1663 the Meserole family
owned 107 acres; besides this there were patent lands granted by
the Dutch governors* The town had a quiet history till the Revo-
lution, when the Hessian allies of the British troops were quar-
tered among the people. After the declaration of peace there
were but four or five families in Greenpoint and the place was
almost apart from the world, except for the row boat ferry con-
nection "With New York, The town has grown steadily since 1S32
and in 1854 ^t was consolidated with Brooklyn,

The overflowing population from Manhattan has transformed
this section from the old time farms to solid blocks of buildings.
In early days the farmers looked to Bush wick Square for their
central activities and it was not until 1846-50 that this section
developed its own public conveniences. Men living to-day have
trudged to Bush wick to school, driven to Bush wick to church,
and carried their farm produce to the Bushwick town dock for
shipment.

During the middle of the last century ship building was a suc-
cessful business all along the water front. The people had com-
munication with New York by means of small row boats from
various points along the shore, the most important being the
ferry at the foot of Java Street.

HISTORICAL GUIDE

3j permissign.

^30

Greenpoint BROOKLYN 35b Route

(Figures refer to Plate XLV).

The most prominent landmarks now to be seen are:

i 5. The Meserole Homestead, 1000 Lorimer Street, between
Meserole and Norman Avenues; originally a typical Dutch farm-
house, as shown by an old photograph, it has been enlarged until
nothing now remains of the first structure but the wing which
was built in 1789.

10. Original building of St. Anthony's Roman Catholic Church,
150 India Street, erected about 1857. It is made of brick and is
now a wire works factory.

The first Dutch Reformed Church, built about 1850, was on Java
Street; the second building, still in use, is on Kent Street, between
Manhattan and Franklin Avenues.

HISTORIC SITES.

1. The Bennett Homestead, later occupied by John Meserole.

2. Stone house built by Captain Pieter Praa about 1700.

3. House built by John A. Meserole about 1790.

4. Location of the house of Dirck Volckcrtsen, the Norman. The
first settler on Greenpoint and one of the earliest settlers in Kings
County.

7. The Calyer Homestead.

8. House built by John I. Meserole about 1800.

9. House occupied by Volckert Dirksen, the eldest son of Dirck
Volckcrtsen, and afterwards occupied by Jacob Meserole.

HISTORICAL GUIDE

ROUTE 35c
SECTION III.— BUSHWICK.
Take Grand Street car from the Manhattan side of IVUliamsburg
Bridge, transfer to the Metropolitan Avenue car and ride to
Bushwick Avenue; go north three blocks to old Bushwick Square,
the centre of the original Dutch village of Bushwick,

Jan der Swede is the first name connected with the settlement of Bush-
wick; he came here i64S-50> In 1661 Governor Stuvvesant had the village laid
out and later gave it the name of ** Boswijck/' or ^* Town of the Woods;" at
the same time he inaugurated some measures of local government.

The English occupancy disturbed the Dutch but little, though the new rule
was more arbitrary than that to which they had been accustomed, especially as
to church affairs. In 1665 the first sermon was preached here and, in order to
minister to the spiritual needs of the people, clergymen came from the Flat>
bush church for over forty years. Previous to 1700, there is mention of a
" Commons *' for the care and watering of cattle. In 1687 Governor Dongan
granted increased privileges in a new patent. Under the English rule the popu-
lation grew to about 163, while it had been about 100 during the Dutch controL
Previous to the Revolution the town was represented in the Provincial Congress
and had a militia company. After the Battle of Long Island the Heasians,
quartered on the inhabitants with all that pertains to such an occupancy, kq>t the
people in a continued state of irritability. After peace was declared many
of the Hessians took up residence here. It was joined to Brooklyn in 1854.
Owing to the impulse ot a crowding population,, but few landmarks remain, but
these are of an interesting character.

(Figures refer to Plate XLVI).

1. Reformed Church of Bushwick, organized 1654. The first
church was built in 1709 and the present structure in 1825.

2. Bushwick Churchyard, containing a few headstones; entrance
to the left on Humboldt Avenue, Nearby is the site of the
Beadell Homestead, at the comer of Metropolitan and Bushwich
Avenues.

The old Wood Point Road, starting at the church, is worthy
of mention; it was a typical country road, crossing the fields to
the cemetery near the Devoe House (8), thence across the mea-
dows and hills to the Town Dock. The first part of the road is
still in use and is plotted on the map.

3. Old Town House site, opposite the present church on Wood
Point Road. Near it men were exposed for punishment; courts
and elections were held in its rooms; later it became a tavern,
the town fathers having leased it for such a purpose; finally, it
was sold and then disappeared.

Go east on Orient Avenue to
Cooper Park, given to the city of Brooklyn in 1895 by the
Cooper family. Behind the comfort house is a brick shed where
t/ie Coopers experimented in the manuiaclut^ ol N^tuish. On
Morg^an Avenue at the rear of the Park ^le
-/ 3nd 5. Two Cooper Houses, tVie Ut^er \iw\\x \i^- ^^SXx^tdl
<-aoper for his own occupancy about 1S60 ;jitid O^^ o^>^« ^^^^

Bushwick

BROOKLYN

35c Route

DiA&RAM*^ BUSHWICK

C- OLD TOWf* CBMtreftT

V r^ -. I > J— ^— ^-^ I ■ 1^ ^i_U

\ , J _ ti _sni LrMAw _^ ft. t^^ .1. — .*,

^irtif^'ri

■®

Plate XLVI. Route 35c.

C. K.

by him for his niece. On Maspeth Avenue, opposite the north
side of the Park, see

6. Peter Cooper Tenements; a row of wooden houses with tall
pillars in the middle of the row, erected by Peter Cooper for his
workmen. In the rear of the row was the old Cooper Glue Fac-
tory.

Peter Cooper was born in 1791 of Revolutionary stock and
died in 1883. ' In his youth he mastered a number of trades and
later entered business, engaging in the manufacture of iron and
machinery. He constructed the first locomotive engine built in
this country and was largely instrumental in the laying of the
Atlantic Cable. His public spirit and philanthropy are be^A. ^-^x-
denced in Cooper Union, a lasting motv\xmt,tv\. \.o Vvs^ xciR.\s\six^ -
The two brothers married the BeadeW sVslws,

Route 35c HISTORICAL GUIDE Bushwlck

Co north through Ban:iett Street (officially mapped as Debevoise
Averure)j passing on the right

7. Art old house (painted red) m the middle of the field to the
east (noriheiist corner of Maspeth zt\d Morgan Avenues), It was
built from the limbers taken from the old ** Manor House " (9)-

8, Devoc House, a small stone bnilding inside the enclosure
between Parker and Bennett Streets on BanzeCt Avenue; en-
trance on Bennett Street through Trotter*s ice-cream factory.
It IS evidently the lower floor of an old Dutch stone house.
Notice in the living-room the wooden beains in the ceiling and a,
fine example of an old carved mantel*

C, Nearby is the site of the old Toiifn Cemetery of which no trace
remafns. In 1879 all the bodies were removed to the churchyard and
the cemetery obliterated.

At the corner of Meeker and Khigsland Avenues were
g. The Manor House, sometimes called the Wyckoflf House
(?) and

10, The Dehevoise House ' and barn. Both houses belonged to
families prominent in public affairs. The barn w^s used by the
Hessians during the Revolution. The Wyckoff House was built
by Theodorus Polhemns of Flathush, who represented the town in
the Provincial Congress from I77S-77- His children sold out to
the Wyckoff family. The Birshwick branch of the Debevoise
family is descended from the Huguenot DeBevoise, the first
school teacher of Brooklyn.

11, Van Raust House site at 245 Withers Street, near Kings-
land Avenue. This house was occupied by Captain McPherson,
leader of tfie company of men from whom the British obtained
guides for their expeditions. After peace was declared these
guides came to Bushwick and encamped there*

12, Skiltman House site, 37 Frost Street, between Lorimer and
Union Avenues, the house being torn down about 1880, It is said
that Washington was entertained here. During the stay of the
guides mentioned (in 11) a party of Americans planned to secure
some boats belonging to the British* These boats drifted to
the shore near the Skillman farm and the Skillman house was
the gathering place of the party making ihe capture.

13, Conselyea House site, corner of Humboldt Avenue and
Jackson Street* The Conselyea family was a noted one d tiring
the Revolution. Will ram Conselyea was hung in his well by the

British to make him name the hiding-place of his money*

Bttshwick BROOKLYN 35c Route

Return to Bushwick Square and take east bound Metropolitan Av-
enue car to the bridge, crossing Newtown Creek; transfer to east
hound Mas pet h car to Flushing Avenue and take car marked Park
Raw, soon passing on the right and left several houses of old Dutch
architecture belonging to the Wyckoff family originally (Excursion
XI, Section III, 43).

After passing under the Manhattan Bridge, see on the right
the United States Marine Hospital, Wallabout Market and the
Navy Yard (Excursion VIII, Section II).

NOTES

236

NOTES

237

NOTES

238

EXCURSION VIII.

HISTORIC BROOKLYN— PART I.

By Frank Bergen Kelley.

Revised, 1909, with the aid of George W. Nash, M. D.

HISTORICAL GUIDE

'i^

3 CZl C

C-

BROOKLYN HEi^NTS

Plate XLVII. Route 36.

c a:.

BROOKLYN

ROUTE 36

SECTION I.— BROOKLYN HEIGHTS TO BOROUGH HALL.

(Figures refer to Plate XLVII).

Take South Ferry to Atlantic Avenue; walk up to Hicks Street,
north to Montague Street and west to Montague Terrace, from which
is obtained a fine view of Manhattan and the Harbor; or Wall
Street Ferry to Montague Street.

1. Grace Episcopal Church, organized in 1847. When the
church floor was renewed in 1899 the old Remsen Well was dis-
covered; it is nearly under the font.

The old Grace Court Spring, destroyed in 1908, was on the Prince
Estate, between Grace Court and Remsen Street, on the bluff. The
Remsen House stood one block in the rear of the church en Joralemon
Street. The family owned a large farm on the Heights, Joris
Remsen having bought it of his father-in-law in 1706.

Walk north on Columbia Heights, noting the small parks along the
edge of the bluff.

Brooklyn Heights was the center of the residence section of the Old Ferrv
Village. As this Excursion chiefly describes historic houses still in existence, and
as few important landmarks remain here, the student is referred to Stiles*
"History of Kings County," pp. 105-139, and Stiles' "History of Brooklyn,"
Vol. II, Chap. 2, for interesting itineraries through the old streets of Ferry
Village in 1816.

At the corner of Henry and Clark Streets is the Grace M. E.

Church, successor to the " Old Sands Street Church," organized

in 1794. See tablet

Turn east at Orange Street.

2. Plymotith Church, between Hicks and Henry Streets, a
plain brick building erected in 1847-50, seating 2800 persons. See
the stained glass windows representing the " History of Puritan-
ism." A building is planned nearby as a Beecher Memorial. .
Henry Ward Beecher, born in Litchfield, Conn., in 1813, came to
Brooklyn in 1847 when he was installed here a.?> -^^^V^^. "Vcv *Cs\.^
pulpit of Plymouth Church he acted as a.\xc\AOxv^^\ <^^^ '^'^'^^'^^
morning (Feb. 5, i860) and sold a s\aN^ %\t\ mvo \.^^^e^^^-

died March 8, 18S7,

Route z6 HISTORICAL GUIDE L, L Historical |

On Cranberry and Htcks Streets are two hip-roofed houses.,

C&ntinue on Orange through Nassau Street across Fulton ta Ad^
Street and walk cast ta

3. Public School No. i, at Concord and Adams Streets,
of the first district school of Brooklyn (1816^ rebuill 1842), wher
also was held the first (Union) Brooklyn Sunday School in I
See tablet in the gable on the front of the building,

G& north on Concord to Jay Street and east to

4* St James Pro- Cathedral, Jay and Chapel Streets, the firs
Roman Catholic Church on Long Island (organized 1822). Se
bust of Peter Turner (1787-1853) and two tablets dedicated to hm
as founder of the first Roman Catholic Church and school
Long Island.
There are about 6,000 graves in the adjoining churchyard.
Cottiinue on Jay Street to Myrtle Avenue and walk to

5. Brooklyn Borough Hall (begim 1836, completed 1840),
original City Hall of Brooklyn. See in front the statue of Beeche
by J* Q- A* Ward. In the space behind the hall, once occupied
a military garden, is the County Court House.

In the Borough Halt Subway Station see the tablet commemi
ating the opening of the first Subway uniting Manhattan ant
Brooklyn, January % 1908.

Walk west on Pulton to Pierrepont Street and south to Clinton Si\

6. Long Island Historical Society at Clinton and Pierre
Street* (open to the public), founded 1863; contains an e^ccellenl
reference library, rich in books on local history* The niitseum
in addition to a general collection of interesting articles anil
prints, has a large number of specimens illustrating the Naturi!
History of Brooklyn and many relics and memorials illustrative oi
Colonial life. The curator will explain the collection.

tier

Sts
Se

bin

THE NEW YOEJf
PUBLIC LIBRARY

ASTOR, LEN(3X AND
TILDHN FOUNDATIONS

n L

SECTION IL^FULTON STREET, FORT GREENE PARK
AND NAVY YARD

{Figures refer to Plate XLVIII),

Take Fulton Street surface or elevated lines to Flatbush Aveftuej

passing

7- Site of the First Dutch Church of BTOoklyn* on Fulton Street* n«ar
Lawrence. It was erected in 1666, rebuilt in [766, and removed to JqraJemon
Street in 1807^ Until if>54 the peof>le had to go to New Amsterdani for church
■etriccs; from that time until 1660 ihey were obliged to attend the church at
Platbusb, when a petttirm was_ made for a church of their own* This was
granted and they worshipped In a barn while measures were taken for the
erection of a build in;;.

8. Tabkt, erected by the Sons of the Revolution on the Smith-
Gray Buildings Fill ton Street, corner of Flatbush Avenue, to mark
the line of defence in the battle of Long Island ''from the Wall-
about to the Gowauus." Near by is the site of Lahan's IftHj a
road-house which was occupied by the Hessians.

Go north on Hudson to H^illoughhy Avenue and east to Fort Greene

Park,

9, Martyrs' Tomb, Fort Greene Park. The tablet over the
entrance to the tomb commemmoratcs the " American Seamen,
Soldiers and Citizens who perished on the prison ships ^' of the
British at the Wallabovit during the Revolution* This is the cor-
ner stone of the vault erected by the Tammany Society, April,
1808* The tomb contains the remains of rr.ooo patriots^

Fort Putnam stood here during the Revohition, the name being
changed to Fort Greene during the War of 18 12.

The monument recently erected by the city is T45 feet high^
including a bronze urn 20 feet high. The architects were McKim^
Mead and White. The entire cost was defrayed by contributions
from the U* S. Government* N. Y. State Government, New York
City and the Prison Ship Martyrs Association*
IValk north on St. Edivard's Street through City Park to Navy Street.

LTo. Brooklyn Navy Yard (entrance opposite Sands Street), es-
tablished i8ot*
N. B. Secure pass at the gate*
W*hen inside llie reservationi follow Park Aveciuc, 'i.wl "^'v^'^X
Street to TropJiy Park and sc^ atic\^va ^^i m«:i^^x.■^ ^i^-^^v^
1 243 _

Route 36 HISTORICAL QUIDS L.I.HUtarkil

On Cranberry ftnd Hick^i Streets ftre two hip-rimfed boui«i.

Continue oh Orange through Nassau Street across Fuitatt to 7./iftj1
Street and walk east to

3. Public School No. x, at Concord and Adiihi^n Sirettf, im
of the firiit diiitrict school of Brooklyn (t8t6, rebtuU 1K4J), w^ven
also was held the first (Union) Brooklyn Sunday School in t!*i^
See tablet in the gable on the front of the buildUvg,

Go north on Concord to Jay Street and ciui ta

4. St. Jamet Pro-Cathedral, Jay and Chapel .'^irreti, the Arn
Roman Catholic Church on Long Inland Corgam/iMl !8jj), S*t
butt of Peter Turner (1787-185,1) and two tablets (Irdiciiud fo Im
as foinider of the first Roman Catholic Church «ihI school ^n
Long Island.

There are about 6,000 graves in the adjoining churchyard.
Continue on Jay Street to Afyrtle Avenue atnl wtUk ia

5. Brooklyn Borough Hall (bcgtni tH.^r^ comt»UM«^d \K\a\, %ht\
original City Hall of Brooklyn. Sec in front the itntut of IWeehtr
by J. Q. A. Ward. In the space brhin<l iho hull, tmcc ycvupird H
a military garden, is the County Court llcnisr.

In the Borough Hall S\ib\vay Station see the tablet itMiimemnr
ating the opening t)f the first Subway tn\iting M.oihatt;in arv^l
Brooklyn, January 9, 1908.

Walk west on Fulton to Pierre^ont Street and south tif ClintaH Strtii.

6. Long laland Historical Society at Clinton :uul Pierrepont
Streets (open to the public), founded \H(\m coutuiMH nn excellent
reference library, rich in books t>n local history 1 lie ttuiicum,
in addition to a general collection oC interest in k hi t idea and
prints, has a large number of upecimeun ilhistrrttiMK dio Nalutal
History of Brooklyn and many relics aiul meuioriali illuilralivc o(
Colonial life. The curator will explain the collodion,

Route 38

HISTORICAL GUIDE

Prospect Park

14. Maryland Monument, on Lookout Hill, erected in 1895
through the efforts of the Maryland Society, Sons of the Amer-
ican Revolution, to honor " Maryland's Four Hundred " who, on
this battlefield, August 27, 1776, saved the American Army.
(For sketch of battle see Excursion XII; for full accounts see
Stiles* and Johnston's works).

Within the Park are statues and monuments of Payne, Irving,
Moore, Lincoln, Stranahan and others.

From the Monument, walk to the Willinck (Malbone Street) exit of
the Park to Flatbush Avenue.

* DM&JiAM -

Plate XLIX. Routes 38, 39-

C. K.

BROOKLYN

ROUTE 39.

B. FLATBUSH

(If Flatbush IS made a separate excursion, fake Bn£hton Beach

'*L'' train to Prospect Park Station.}

Flatbusht in the early days calltd Mi J wont, was first settled in 1634; the
origin of the present name is lost in obscufity^ The land was purchased several
times froip the Indians. For many years the town was under the absolute ruk
of the Governor; in t6s3> the people, chafing at his arbitrary methods, forced
from him a little show of self-government which was granted,^ perhaps as a re-
ward for help rendered in putting down pirates. The Hlnj^lish occtipation
brougbt a change in laws and custotns, but the inhabitants kept on placidly in
their own ideas of liberty and the pursuit of happiness. The stocks and whip-
ping posts were provided, as was usual. In early part of the eighteenth
century the road to Flatbush was made a turnfhike with a toll gate at what is
now the corner of Fulton Street and Flatbush Avenue; in TS42 iL was moved
to near Planson Place, and, later, as Brooklyn grcw^ still furtber away until,
after a number of years, it stood at about where Fenimorc Street meets the
Avenue. The town lay in the track of the Battle of Long Island (see Excur-
aion XII) where the Hessians overcame the American forces under Sullivan^
The subsequent guartering of British soTdiers on the town was^ a source of
keen hardship, bince the Revolution, Flatbush has progressed quietly; in 1894
it was annexed to Brooklyn^ It has always been a residence eection and is
now an important suburb in Greater New York.

Take Flatbush Avenue cur south to Flatbush Reformed Church,

paiising
XS* IrCfFcrts Homestead Cp re- Revolutionary), 563 Flatbi:sh
Avetiuc.

16. Vanderbilt Homestead (pre-Revolutionary), 6ro Flatbush
Avenue. See Dutch oven and fire-place in the cellar.

17. Birdsall House, 612 Flatbush Avenue, once famous for its
ivy and garden.

18. Melrose Halt site (built 1750), comer of Winthrop Street;
noted for its legends.

19. Flatbush Dutch Reformed Church, corner of Church Ave-
nue; built 1793^6 on foundations of the second church (1698),
which was on the site of the original building erected in 1654,
this being the oldest church on Long Island* See tablet erected
by the Colonial Daughters of the Seventeenth Century* In early
days the dead were buried beneath the church, and for many
years no tombstones were used for fear of attractitig the atten-
tion of the Indians. In a part of the yard unmarked by stones
are the remains of many who died in the Battle of Long Island.
The church was used by the British as a military prison. Many
of the epitaphs are in DtUch.

20. Erasmus Hall High School (formerly AcadenxY^. ^^^^^'^
Snyder Avenue, built in 1786 by pn\^t^ ^.^^'SiW^sX^vv ^O'^N^*^"^'^^'^

and Burr con f rib ti ting:), and charteted \i>j VV\^ %Ji^^-^V^ ^"^ ^^xi
Wm. Alex Ducr, son of Lady Kilty Du^t, n^^^ ^^ ^'^'^'^^ '^^'^ "^

247

Route 39 HISTORICAL GUIDE Flatbush

in 1797 John Henry Livingston, first Theological Professor of the
Reformed Church, was the head of the school. It became a pub-
lic school in 1896 and is hidden by the modern building.

21. The old Striker House at 2243 Church Avenue, just east
of Flatbush Avenue.

22. Site of 7. C Bergen House, comer qf Albermarle Road,
built 1735. When occupied by David Clarkson in 1776, it was
sacked by the British, and later it was used as a military prison.
The house was torn down about 1902.

23. Lott House, 1084 Flatbush Avenue.

24. Vanderveer Homestead, 1159 Flatbush Avenue, was built
in 1787 (or 1788) on the site of an earlier house. The land on
which the house stands was granted to the ancestor of the pres-
ent owner in 1660, by Governor Stuyvesant. See the quaint hall
and door and the great barn of probably a much earlier date.

25. John Ditmas House, just opposite, of unusual Dutch archi-
tecture (gable end not turned to the street).

26. Henry S. Ditmas House, between Foster and Newkirk Av-
enues, built about 1800; notice Dutch door.

27. Old House at 1240 Flatbush Avenue (like 25).

28. Cortelyou-Vanderveer House site, 1249 Flatbush Avenue.
The house has been moved to Ditmas Avenue and East Twenty-sixth
Street, behind the Cortelyou Club House. Just east was the well-
known Vanderveer Mill between Paerdegat Pond and Canarsie Lane.
This was the first Long Island windmill and was built in 1804. It
was used as a refuge for negroes during the Draft Riots. It was
burned in 1879. See illustration in L. I. Historical Society.

Go west to Avenue G to Amersfoort Place

29. Another Ditmas House, erected 1821, by George Van

Nuyse.

Return and continue south, passing

30. Old Hou5^ and pump on the Xoyt^x Qor^er oi Avenue J,

BROOKLYN

ROUTE 40-

C FLATLANDS
(Figures refer to Plate L)<

'Tieuw Amersfoort/^ the Dutch name for Flatlands, was established ifij^*
the Br^t Dutch plantalbn on Lon^ I«<1and, The Can^tr^ie Indians oc^^upied this
region, and in the great shel3 hcapa at Canarsie and at Bergen Beach may he
found traces of their wampuui indtistry. Here the Indianii and their Imtth
luccessnrg raised t^rops of maize on the " Great Flats on Flatlands Plains."
The " Indian Path '] ran from Brorjkiyn Ferry to Bergen Island^ following in
part the *' Kinj^'s Highway '* of to-dajj* The first patent recorded was in 163.6
to Andreas Hudden and Wolphert lierritacn Van Kouwenhoven* and a local
court was established in 1654, The town^ rnanaiqfed to gel along until if^fij
without a charter. For over a century it had only ten men at the head
of affairs. Political changes made hut little impression on the people. Dur-
ing the Revolution, when the English troops were quartered on the town, the
Dominic was allowed to continue preaching, a rare occurrence at tha.t time.
Flat lands was annexed to Brooklyn in 1S96.

This region resembles Holland in its general flatness^ marsh incss, dikes ^nd
creeks, and its outlook over salt meadows and Jamaica Bay^ which is often
dotted with alow-moving sailing vessels.

r, Flatlands Church, Flatbush Avenue north of King's High-

way, bnilt 1847-8, on the site of former buildings of 1662 and 1794,

Some of the original colonial fnrnlture is in the manse. Near the

church is the old graveyard and the old school on the original

school lot* Notice the new pnblic school just north. Several

Dutch houses and old barns may be seen in the neighborhood.

(See 14). The church was organized In 1654,

Continue on Flat bush Avtnue car east on Avenue N to Mill Lane.

Go south to

2. Schenck-Crooke House, bnilt about 1650. See the great
rafters which are built ship fashion and the old fireplaces.

3. Bergen Homestead on East Seventy-second Street (Bergen
Beach), built about 1655. See the old fireplaces, Dutch door and
knocker-

Return on car to Flatlands Avetiue and walk west, passing

4. Old Van Wyck Homestead, corner of Ryder Street

Go south on Kimball Street, passing

5. Jeromus Lott-Vandcrveer House, corner of Avenue P.

6. Lott House (between Filhnore Avenue and Avenue S)
built in 1800 of material from the original homestead.

This entire section was first granted to Andries Hudden a^tid
Wolphert Gerritsen ill 1636 by "WoAit^T \m\ TV^^x, 'C^t '^^-i^'^;^
teing- confirmed by Stuyvcsant m \^^ ^xv^ x't^c^^^^^^^^/^^,^^'^^,^
enwr NkoH in 1667. A portion came \q t.^^ '^'^^'^ V^^s^-^^ ^^

THE NEW tO^ r

PUBLIC library!

ASTOR. LENOX AND
TILDSN KO'JN L vn .^ NS

FlatUnds Neck

BROOKLYN

40 Route

Co north on Ocean Avenue, passing

IT. Bennett House on King's Highway, built by the elder Ben-
nett for his son.

la, Bennett Homestead, corner Avenue P and East Twenty-
second Street iormerly fronting on King's Highway,

13. Van Nuyse-Magaw Homestead, 1447 Ocean Avenue, a
well-preserved Dutch farmhoiisie over a century old.

Go ea^t on Avenue J io Flat bush Avenue.
D. SIDE TRIP THROUGH FLATLANDS NECK

Take Flat lands Neck Road from Flaihush Avenue and go east^ and
north to Church Avenue, passing

14. Van Wyck House on the corner of Avenue L or King's
Highway* Note the bull's eyes in what was originally the front
door, now the rear. Pass on the left the Flatlands Reformed
Church and old school housCp

15. House of W. H, Kouwcnhovcn, King's Highway near Ave*
nue H,

16. Historic Tree, Avenue G and Keck Road. (Appendix E).
George Kouwenhoven House, east of 16, on Avenue G,
Between the church and Church Avenue about ten houses

of typical Dutch style may be seen; also an early school house,

Canarsie Lane, just beyond the school house, leads to old Can-

arsie Village (Section IV).

Take Church Avenue car back to Flat busk

HISTORICAL GUIDE

^vi. ro/ir • r

DMf/ZJ9M

OLD MJLL.

^t'f*.t.A0-m..

Plate LI. Route 41.

C. K.

BROOKLYH

^r ^^^H ROUTE 4^' ^H

SECTION IV.— NEW LOTS, EAST NEW YORK AND ^
CANARSIE ^J

(Figures refer to Plate LI). ^^B

New Lots had its beginning when tlic farmers of Old hots in Flatbuih, feel-- I

inff crowded, came here and s^ttlpd in J67P. The town was organizf^d in rfi^a, I

East New York, so n:imed from its locatiotit was founded by John R. Pit^ni I

a merchant iram Connecticut, in 1S35. I

Take Fulton Street (City Line) train to Cleveland Street Station, I
Go north oiw block io Jamaica Avenue, then to the right one block to I

(A) Sncdckcr House, opposite the head of Eltoti Street. I
The house belongs to the city. See the beautiful mantel in th& I
front room, _^J

Go two blocks west on Jamaica Avenue , ^^M

(B) Schenck Houses built in 1705. 1

Take Street car or " L " road to Crescent ^'tventte and go south to I
Old Mill Village (stage 10 cents), passing on the left the J

1. Peck House, near P. 5. t5q, at Pitkin and Lincoln Aveniaes. ^^|

2. Old Mill, now called Van Wicklen Mill, on the left^ ap- ^H
proaching the quaint little village which is situated on both sides ^^^M
of Old Mill Creek, formerty called Bull Creek. The mill was ^1
built in 1770 by Van Brunt. The village usually has in September J
a Mardi Gras festival which is worth seeing. ^^M

The old mill wheel is silent, with mofls now long grown o'er, ^ ^^^

The crtfaking gate "neath the ruitit bridge shall stem the tide no more, 1

The miller, too, has passed away, no more the wheat and corn I

Shall grind to the chug of the old milli wheel b^ the waters that have gooe. I

^From a Festival Proj^raia. I

Go hack from Old MiU ViU&ze to New Lots road and ivalk west to I

3. Van Bnint House, corner Shepherd Avenue* of Dutch archl* I
lecture, with hip rouf; one of the oldest houses in this section. I

4. New Lots Dutch Reformed Church, built in 1824 but organ- I
ized many years earlier as an offshoot of the Flatbush Church, I
the congregation meeting in the old sclioolKoM'i^ ^\- '^^^ 1
hrmcr^, feeling that the distance to t\\^ ^V^lXsu^V CV^\x<^&, ^^'^ "^^^

Sfre^U obtained permission to erect a \im\d\^^ Ci'v v'^^^'^ ^^"^ "^"^
havisig much ready money, the m^iv NJtt^t vtc^Vq ^^^ ^^^^^- ^

r^^a I

ew LotaH

Route 41 HISTORICAL GUIDE New

and hauled the timber to the mill^ made and fitted the frame and
then had the *'raising^"; in fact, they did everything^ but the
plaster work.

5. Churchyard on the side of P. S* 72, whkh stands on the
site of the origiaal school. Among the families burred here are
the Van Dykes, Elberts. Snede(i)kers, Ryders, and Emanses.
Several stones bear the date 1796.

6. Old New Lots School, just n5rth on Bar bey Street, between
Livonia and Dumont Avenues, over a century old and now used a:
a dwelling. It was moved to this site when the new school was
built. The lower part was used by the teacher for his home anrf
the upper part as a school and church* Near by is the

7. Duryea House, at 562 Jerome Street^ well preserved,

Confirtue west on New Lots Road.

8. Van Skklen House, corner Van Sicklen Avenue, built aboui
1730.

9. Rapalye House* 349 New Lots Road, built about 1730 and if
very good condition. See the twin doors in the back, a character-
istic of the period.

Ethan Allen, who had been captured in Canada, was billetted
here tinder parole as a prisoner of war Elated at the victory
of the Americans at the Battle of Bennington, he gave expression
to his feelings at Howard^s Half Way House: this was too mud
for his captors and he was immediately arrested and confined
the Provost Prison in New York, where he was afterward
exchanged.

10. Lott House, at 321 New Lots Road, about a century old.
ti. Snedeker House, corner of Snedeker Avenuej built about

The Van Sinderen House, near Junius Street, has lately been di
molished.

Take Canarsie train from New Lots station to Canarsie Beach,

ti, Van^fitt'eer Mill site at F1alland» Avenue and East On^bandntd ■
Seventh StrecL (Leave train al Flattands Avenue and East One-liundrcd
Fifth Street and vi^alk to East One-hyndred and Seventh Streets

This ttjill was in use up lo the Civil Wfir. OnJy ruins j-eniain.

The VandenfeffT H^us^ was bmilt about 1830.

Continue on the tram to Canarsie Park, passing

13. Schenck House in Canarsie Park» built abottt 1670*
//*?/^ MorfA m the old Canarsie Lane to Remsen riac^.

E. New York BROOKLYN 41 Route

14. Wyckoff House, built 1664 of material brought from Hol-
land. The land was purchased from the Canarsie Indians in 1630
and has been in the family since that date.

Take the train back to East New York Station; walk east three or four
blocks on Atlantic Avenue. At the corner of Alabama Avenue is

15. The Howard House, occupying the site of Howard's Half
Way House. It was from this house that Howe impressed inn-
keeper Howard and his son as guides to Flatbush at the Battle
of Long Island. Here Ethan Allen was arrested (9); this was
also the scene of draft riots during the Civil War when a num-
ber of men were killed; see the painting (within the hotel) illus-
trating this event. The building has been much altered.

Take Broadway " L" road to Palmetto Street Station. Two blocks
north, at the corner of Evergreen and Woodbine Avenues, is

16. Suydam House site, now occupied by the Second German
Baptist Church. The house was built in 1724 and was occupied
by the Hessians during the Revolution.

HISTORICAL GUIDE

66^37

"^^r

D/ A GRAM

«e»3r

rnr^

m^tiiM 4Mf.

A^i-fl/ UTR,£CHT

Plate LI I. Routes 42, 43.

c. a:.

-^t^e

BROOKLYN

SECTION v.— FORT HAMILTON, NEW UTRECHT AND
GRAVESEND

(Figures refer to Plates LII and LIII).

ROUTE 42.

A. BROOKLYN BRIDGE TO FORT HAMILTON

Take Fifth Ai^enue Elevated Railroad.
After leaving St. Mark's Avenue Station, see on the right the
old Gowanus Canal.

Leave the train at Third Street.
See on a building near the foot of the station stairs

1. Tablet erected by the Sons of the Revolution to commemo-
rate and giving a representation of the Vechte-Cortelyou House, built
1699 by Claes Adrientie van Vechten and later occupied by
Jacques Cortelyou.

Here Lord Stirling made his famous defence during the Battle
of Long Island. This house and others nearly as famous, including
the Bennett-S chermerhorn House at Third Avenue, near Twenty-sixth
Street (erected in the Seventeenth Century on the site of the original
house built by Bennett, the pioneer of "The Gowanus"), and the De-
Hart'Bergen House at Third Avenue, near Thirty-seventh Street,
(erected before 1679 by Simon Aertsen and described in the Lahadist
Journal) have only recently disappeared. This was the site of the
original Gowanus Creek, where was the old Freeks Mill (sometimes
called Brower's Mill), burned in 1776 on the retreat of the Ameri-
cans. It was built in 1661 and was the oldest tide mill in Brooklyn.
Near by was Denton's Mill After passing the Twentieth Street
Station, see on the left

2. Greenwood Cemetery, opened in 1842, covers portions of
the Bennett, Wyckoff and Bergen farms. It contains 474 acres
and the number of interments up to 1907 was about 340,000. At
the north entrance (where carriages may be hired, 25 cents), see
the sculptures of sacred character. The most conspicuous monu-
ments are the Soldiers' Monument on Battle Hill, the Firemen's
Monument, the Canda Memorial, the Mackay Mausoleum and
statues or monuments for Roger Williams, DeWitt Clinton,
Henry Ward Beecher, Horace Greeley, Samv\^l ¥, "^. ^^.^-t^^^ "^^
Brown Brothers and Henry Bergh.

2';7

Route 42 HISTORICAL GUIDE Ft Hamiltoi

After turning into Third Avenue at Thirty-eighth Street, se<
on the right

3. Old hip-roofed house near Gowanus Bay.

At Sixty-fifth Street change cars for Fort Hamilton.

4. The military works at Fort Hamilton were begun in i8oi
by Mayor DeWitt Clinton and the present fort was constructec
1825-31. It is a stone case-mated structure commanding th<
" Narrows." The military reservation contains 96 acres. Genera
Robert E. Lee and " Stonewall ** Jackson were stationed her<
previous to the Civil War. The fort covers the site of the olc
Simon Cortelyou House, built in 1699, and purchased by th«
U. S. Government in 1892. General Howe used the house as his
headquarters in 1776. Cortelyou was a Tory and, on account oi
his ill-treatment of American prisoners, suffered imprisonment
After his death the house became a tavern. Nearby was Denyse'j
Ferry, where the British landed August 22, 1776.

N. B. — ^Write in advance to the Commandant for a permit.

5. Fort Lafayette originated as " Fort Diamond " on Diamond
Reef during the War of 1812, and its name was changed about
1825 to honor the French hero who was then visiting New York.
During the Civil War it was used as a military prison. The inte-
rior was burned in 1868 and it has since been used for the storage
of ordnance, etc.

Here, at The Narrows, Verrazano first saw New York Harbof
and Hudson's men landed just below on Coney Island to bury
the body of John Coleman, who had been killed by the Indians.
(But see Excursion X:io).

BROOKLYN

ROUTE 43-

NEW UTRECHT

The land on whkh the vilbife of New Utrecht now stands was pnrcbased
from the Indians in 1653 for 6 ^hirts^ 2 pairs of sitoes* 5 jpairs of stockinps» fi
sdzeg, 6 knivr^, z paira of scisjiors and 6 combK, and settled shortly after^ In
16&T th? town received a charier; in 1663 it was raided by some English from
the east end of Long Island, who claimed this section also; in 17SJ a ferry
was establUbed across the '* Narrows ** to Staten latand; in 1755 there were 67
fllaves in tbe town. " The town has been purchased three times from the In-
diati^; has received six different government patents and has undergone four
different chang^es of government administration^''^

Fratii Fort Hatnilton take Fifth Avenue trolley and transfer at Eighty

■ sixth Stret^t to car going east. Get off at Sixteenth Avenue

and walk north to Eighty- fourth Street,
6. Dutch Churchyard, in which stands St, John^s Lutheran
Church (entrance on Eighty -fifth Street). Sec many quaint old
tombstones. The original Dutch Reformed Church of New
Utrecht formerly stood in this yard. It was an octagonal-shaped
building with a tall spire. During the Revolution the British
used it as a hospital a.nd as a riding school Adjoining the old
church stood the DeSiUe (later Van Brunt) House m which
General Woodhnll died. It was l^uilt in t6s7 and torn down in
1850. DcSille was a court officer under Stuyvesant»

k% Nostrand House, w*tth stone wing, corner of Eighty- fourth
treet and Sixteenth Avenue. The house was bought from John
^tj who obtained it from Barrie, who kept a tavern here dnr-
tg the Revolution. When Washington was President, he was
entertained tn this tavern while on a tour of itispectton.
H 8, Voorhees House, iS3' Eighty-fourth Street, west of (7), an
^Poid Dutch stone house covered with stucco, (7) and (8) will

soon be destroyed to make way for street improvements.

^m g. Van Brunt House, 1752 Eighty-fourth Street, built about

^h66o and used as quarters for British officers during the Revolu-

^nion. The stone kitchen is the oldest portion of the building.

^Ut is said that the hickory trees In the rear are over a century

^Bbld, the seeds haviiig been brought from Maryland,

^ 10. New Utrecht Dutch Reformed Church, opposite the east

end of Eighty-fourth Street^ erected in i8a8 at this point to settle

a controversy. It was organized in 1677 and occupied the site,

ol the Sl John's Lutheran Churcla iSi) Uam \*iqqi V^ x^tSs.

^99

Route 43 HISTORICAL GUIDE New Utrecht

The old New Utrecht school house occupied this site and was torn
down to make way for the present church structure. When the news
of Washington's visit (see 7) was made known, the teacher lined up
the pupils in frpnt of the school and Washington, dismounting, shook
hands with every child. Among them was Peter Van Pelt, who be-
came the well-known Dutch Reformed clergyman of Staten Island.

11. Liberty Pole in front of the church, the third pole on this
site, the first having been erected in 1783, the second in 1834 and
the present one in 1867. See two tablets on the pole. In Octo-
ber, 1908, a society composed of the descendants of the patriots
who erected the first pole was incorporated under the laws of
the State of New York.

Go north on Eighteenth Avenue to Eighty-first Street.

12. Van P^lt Manor House. The ancestors of the Van Pelt
family came to America in 1663, one brother settling in Kew
Utrecht, and it is claimed that he erected this house in 1664.
The land was purchased in 1694 by Aert Tunise (Van Pelt) from
Hendrick Mathyse Smack. British officers were quartered here dur-
ing the Revolution.

The milestone in front of the house dates from 1741 and is the
private property of the Van Pelt family.
Go south on Nineteenth Avenue to Eighty-sixth Street, walk east to

13. Van Pelt House, between Bay Twenty-third and Bay
Twenty-fourth Streets, built 1812.

Go south on Bay Twenty-fourth Street to Benson Avenue,

14. Benson House, originally a Couwenhoven House.

260

BROOKLYN

ROUTE 43a.

C. GRAVESEND AND CONEY ISLAND

In 1643 Lady Moody, an Englishwoman, fixed upon this spot as a place where
she and others could exercise that liberty of conscience defied to ner by her
own people. She was a woman of force, education and refinement and it was
not long before she became a power in the community. The town of Gravcsend
was originally laid out in a square, and two cross roads divided this into four
equal squares which were cut up into 40 lots for as many settlers; curiously,
only 39 parts are ever mentioned. The town soon grew beyond these limits
but never attained to the growth and prosperity of its neighbors.

Coney Island was part of the above grant. It belonged to the Canarsie
Indians and was called by them ** Narrioch " and by the Dutch ** Conynge
Hook." It was granted by Governor Kieft to Guyspert Op Dyck and later
was held by DeWolf until Governor Nicolls gave it in 1668 to the town of
Gravesend. In 1685 it was divided into 40 lots which were held by various
families until 1734. when Thomas Stilwell obtained the whale island. In 1829
was erected the Coney Island House, the first hotel on the Island. ^ Modern
Coney Island began in 1844 when a " Pavilion '* was erected. Since that
time the place has grown steadily as an amusement center. Coney Island Creek
has been partly filled in, so the place is no longer an island.

:* Z.

G/tAV£S£A/D:

5scti'on ^

/rxci/rs/o/f Av//

Plate LIII. Route 43a.

C. K.

Route 43a HISTORICAL GUIDE Gravcsend

From Coney Island take Reid Avenue car to Gravesend, getting oif at
Neck Road, walk west on Neck Road, passing

15. Hicks-Platt House, a well-preserved Dutch stone house
covered with stucco. It is claimed that this house was on the
Bouwerie of Lady Moody and built in 1643; that Stuyvesant and
Kieft were entertained here and that it was used as a hospital
during the Revolution.

16. Bergen House, near the corner of Van Sicklen Street.

Turn south on Van Sicklen Street to

17. Stilwell House, in a good state of preservation, built about
1800.

Return to Neck Road, walk east and on the south side near the M. E.

Church see

18. Old Gravesend Town Cemetery.

Continue east, crossing the railroad track to Village Road; turn south

19. Williamson House, well-preserved.

Return to Neck Road.

20. Stilwell House, 95 Neck Road, corner Village Road.

21. Emans House, further to the east, on the south side of
the road.

22. Lake House, between East Fourth Street and the Boule-
vard.

Continue on Neck Road, crossing the Boulevard or Ocean Parkway,

23. Old Dutch House.

24. Voorhees-Sheppard House, opposite Homecrest Avenue,
built in 1730.

25. Van Cleef House, corner East Sixteenth Street and Neck
Road.

Return by Brighton Beach Elevated Road.

BROOKLYN

ADDITIONAL NOTES ON FLATLANDS
By Frederick Van Wyck.

The first deed of land on Long Island was made to Andries Hudde
(Hudden) and Wolphert Gerretsen Van Kouwenhoven on June i6,
1636, and comprised the land from Flatbush to the ocean and
Gravesend to Paardegat Outlet, excepting Bergen's Island (Ber-
gen Beach). The latter was granted to Captain John Underhill
in 1646 for aid in fighting Indians.

Hudde never resided at Nieuw Amersfoort, but Van Kouwenhoven
made there in 1636 the earliest settlement by Europeans on Long
Island, his plantation, Achterveldt (after or across the Plain) con-
sisting of 3600 acres within the triangle bounded by the old road from
Flatbush to Flatlands on the west, the road from Flatlands to
Flatlands Neck and New Lots on the southeast, and the old con-
necting road (Hubbard's Lane) on the northeast. This became
later the Village of Flatlands, the Dutch church being located at
the head of a small stream leading to Jamaica Bay. The site of
the church was the seat of Indian religious rites and an Indian
burial place. Indian remains are still found here.

Adjoining the Indian burial plot is the public school plot, a deed
from the Van Kouwenhovens' successors showing it to have been
used for school purposes in 1695, making it probably the oldest public
school property in New York.

The houses of Wm. H. Kouwenhoven on the east side of Flat-
lands Neck Road near Avenue H, and of the late George Kouwen-
hoven, near the bridge over the Paardegat Outlet and Avenue G,
are on land which has never been out of the possession of the family
and are on land included in the original grant.

The white oak tree on Avenue G, west of Neck Road (called
Amusketahole by the Indians), stands on the southeast corner of
the former town of Flatbush and was marked on October 17, 1666, by
arbitrators appointed by Governor Nicolls to settle a boundary line
dispute between Flatbush and Flatlands. It is mentioned in the
patent dated March 11, 1685, by Governor Dongan to the inhabi-
tants of Flatlands.

263

NOTES

264

NOTES

265

NOTES

266

^J}

NOTES

268

PART FOUR

BOROUGH OF QUEENS.

EXCURSION NO. XL— HISTORIC QUEENS.

By Frank Bergen Kelley

Compiled from an Unpublished Manuscript Entitled

" ANCIENT LANDMARKS OF QUEENS BOROUGH "

By J. H. Innes

Author of " New Amsterdam and Its People," " The Old Bark Mill,
or First Place of Religious Worship in New York," etc.

HISTORICAL GUIDE

C. K.

Plate LIV. Old Tracts and Routes in Newtown.

QUEENS

BibUography

"History of Long Island," (2 vols.) by B. F. Thompson, gives
general information in regard to the various towns.

"History of Long Island/' by Nathaniel S. Prime, includes many
interesting particulars as to church matters.

" Antiquities of Long Island/* by Gabriel Furman*

"Queens County in Olden Times/' by Henry Onderdonck,

" History of Queens County," by Munselb

"Annals of Newtown/' by James Riker, Jr. (scarce) »

Newspaper articles on Queens, written, 1880-90, by Wm. O' Gor-
man, Town Clerk of New^towu, and articles on " Ancient Newtown^
formerly Middel burgh/" iSgS, by J* H. Innes {may be found in the
N. y. Historical Society Library).

**New Amsterdam and Its People/' by J. H* Innes,

"History of the Town of Flushing/' by R D. Waller.

'^Travels in America" by John Davis.

•* Journal of a Tour in New York/" (pp, 25-36) by John Fowler.

** Historical Long Island/' by R. R. Wilson.

"Early Life in Long Island/' by M. B. Flint.

N, B, — The City History club is greatly indebted to Mr. J. H. Innes,
through whose scholarship, unwearied energy and courtesy this EX-
CURSION has been made possible.

Thanks are also due for research and the preparation of copy
and charts for the press to teachers and students of the Br>'ant,
Jamaica and DeWitt Clinton High Schools, and to many residents of
Flushing^ Newtown and Jamaica.

HISTORICAL GUIDE

HISTORICAL SKETCH OF QUEENS

The Borough of Queens of the City of New York was formed on
January i, 1898, from the former townships of Newtown, Flushing
and Jamaica, together with Long Island City and a small portion of
the town of Hempstead, embracing the Far Rockaway and Rockaway
Beach district of that town. This territory, forming the western
portion of the old County of Queens, was reorganized at the time
mentioned and became the County of Queens, while the eastern por-
tion of the former county received a new organization and became
known as the County of Nassau.

The first settlements in this territory were made by individual
Dutch farmers from 1637 to 1656, under grants from the Director-
General and Council at New Amsterdam, in what may be described
in a general way as the districts forming the present Long Island
City. They were under the direct supervision of New Amsterdam
authorities and were known as the Out Plantations. The remain-
der of the present borough was settled entirely by colonists from
various parts of New England under grants from the Dutch authori-
ties at New Amsterdam. They received township governments, but
modelled after the Dutch form, and their villages received Dutch
appellations. There were, however, originally no Dutch settlers
among them except in one or two isolated Cases. In course of time
many Dutch bought lands among them. These settlements were made
as follows: In the spring of 1642 a patent was issued to Rev.
Francis Doughty (for himself and a party of associates) of the
remainder of the land included in the former town of Newtown. Un-
der this patent a settlement was begun, principally along the Mespat
Kill, afterwards known as Newtown Creek, but it was destroyed in
the Indian war of 1643. In 1644 Heemstcde (Hempstead) was settled
by a company from Watertown, Wethersfield and Stamford in New
England. In 1645-6 Vlissingen (Flushing) was settled, and in 1652
Middelburg (Newtown), in the old Doughty patent,— in both cases
by colonists from Massachusetts and Connecticut, while in 1656 Rust-
dorp (Jamaica) was settled by a party from Hempstead and Flush-
ing. The above were the only settlements in the territory of the bor-
ough for a long period, except that in 1656, after the second Indian
war, the inhabitants along the Mespat Kill were for a short time gath-
ered for security into a village called Arnhem, on what was known
^s Smitlrs Island in the Mespat Kill; this village was abandoned
a J 662.

274

THE NEW vrj^
PUBLIC LIBRARY

ASTOR, LiNOV AND \
TILBSN FOUNDATIONS S

Queens

The history of Hempstead and Jamaica was iineventfwl during^ the
Dutch rule, but in Flusliuig and in Middelbur^ thcrt was consider-
able dissatisfaction, the people of the latter place going so far as to
attempt to put themselves under the jurisdiction of Connecticut and
to alter the name of theii* town to Hastings in 1663. After the
surrender to the English in 1664, these towns were organized for the
purposes of civil administration into w*hat was known as the iVest
Elding of Yorkshire (in analogy to the civil divisions bearing the
same name in Yorkshire, England), with a Sessions House for judi-
cial and administrative business at Jamaica, The names of the
towns were now changed^ but Hecmstede being so similar in form
to the English town of Hempstead, and yiissitigctt being so well
known to the English under the name of Flushing, these forms were
retained, while Rustdorp reverted to its Indian name of Jamaica, and
Mid del burg received the name of Newtown^ together with a patent
in 1667 by which the former Out Plantations were added to it. In
16S3 these towns, together with the eastern town of Oyster Bay,
were united to form the County of Queens with its court house and
other county buildings at Jamaica, This organization remained un-
disturbed until after the Revolution. In 1814 Jamaica, then with a
population of 1500, became an incorporated village, as did Flushing
in iS37j with a population of about 2000. Soon after the introduction
of steam navigation, and as early as i8ri, Astoria began to attract
attention as a place of suburban residence and in 1839 it was incorpo-
rated as a village. About 1853-4 Whitestone (formerly a mere ham-
let) began to grow from the establishment there of a factory of
tinned and japanned warcj while College Point owed its growth as
a village at about the same time to the setting up of a factory of hard
rubber ware, though it was not incorporated until r88o.

In 1S36 the Brooklyn and Jamaica Railroad was opened, its first
time-table taking effect on April 26 of that year On March r, 1837,
under the auspices of the Long Island Railroad, it w^as opened through
Queens County to Hicksville, and to its terminus in Greenport in
1844. The New York and Flushing Railroad was opened June 26,
1854, its East River terminus being a dock at Hunter's Point near the
mouth of Newtown Creek, from which it connected a few times daily
with one of the Harlem boats for the lower part of New York. In
i86r the terminus of the Long Island Railroad was changed from
Brooklyn to Hunter's Point, soon after which the latter place began
to grow rapidly until, in 187 r, with Astoria, Dutch KvlW ^\\\ *^^t
511 rruun ding disirjcts, it was mcorparaied 'a^ 'L'^^s \^\ax\^ C\Vi.

QUEENS

ROUTE 44-

SECTION L— HUNTER'S POINT AND STEINWAY TO
NORTH BEACH.

(Figures refer to Plate LV, letters to LIV). ■'

Thirty- fourth Street Ferry to Htinte/s Point, Steinway troliey to

Skiiiman Avenue^ near end of Qaecfisboro Bridge; or car

from Fifty -ninth Street, Manhattan^ across

Queensboro Bridge.

A, D&mime*s Hoofi. — Originally an island surrounded by salt water marshes,
possessed by Dominie Kvcrardus Bogardus and hia wife Annelc'C Jans Bo^ardust
about 1642; later conftniied by pati^iit^ and still lat^r Dwraed by tbe Bennett
f^tusly, who sold much of it to Dr. Nott of Union College^ from wbom it i^am«
to the trustees of that institution. In 1842 it was connected with Williamsbnrg,
Greenpoint, Kavt-nswood and Astoria by a lurnpikct now known as Vernon
Avenue. In 1854 the New York and Flusliing Railroad was opened^^ starting
from a pier at ttie foot of Newtown Crtek, with boat connexion to New
York- It was now for a short lime called Nottstonj and became a subjec^t for
land speculation, Jn t86i it became the terminal for the L. I. R. R.^ and began
to grow under the name of Hunter's Point,

The original farmhouse wus on tlie shore of Newtown Creek, near the
present bridge to tireenpoint. The later farmhouse, standing until recently, was
a little farther batk from the Creek.

a-a. J-ine of atictcnt road from ** Maspelh KJll *' (Newtown Creek) along j
Duti;b Kills to Burger Jorisaen's Mill, thence to Hast River, laid out 1640-54,

I. Site of Van Ai^^t House (east side of Earn Street, north of L. 1* it. R.),
Dutch Kills, recently removed. The original bouse, just snuib, was on the old
farm of Jan Jansen of Ditmars ("Jan Platneus/' or Flalnose), 1643, and on hia
death, in 1651, was sold to Joris Stevensen» ancestor of the V^an Alst^ family-
The creek near by (Indian name *' Canapaukah "> was called Caper*s (privaleers-
man's) Kill, as St eve 11 sen had been a seafaring man. The Van Aht burial
grQund, now almost blotted outj was at the intersection of Barn Street on the
north side of the L. I. R. R. For an account of Indian events near by, see
" l^ew Amsterdam and its People/' pp. 16^-8

2* Paynter House (Skiiiman Avenue, corner Jackson), prob-
ably on the site of the house of Burger Jorissen, blacksmith, of
New Amsterdam (K-'tcursioti VII), who had a grant here in
1643. Here he built the

3Ji. First mitt m this part of Long Island (called Ryerson's Mill dtiring the
RevolutTun > ;;

J. Tlie miit pond, now overgrown with reeds. The dam (just north of Skill-
man Avenue) was removed in 1S61, when the L. T. R. R. was built.

b-b. Burger's Stuke, constructed through the swamp to supply the pond,
atiU exists in a few places as a dry ditch paralleling the railroad tracks

Coniinu^ on Stetnway Avenug ear to Grand Avenm,

Route 44 HISTORICAL GUIDE Stcinway

4. Site of John Hallett's Farmhouse, southeast corner Grand and Stcinway
Avenues* The large farm, patented in 1654 to Wm. Hallett, lay northeast of
this point. In the Revolution it belonged to Wm. Lawrence, a strong patriot.
Here Maj.-Gen. Robertson took up quarters on August 30, 1776, and encamped
10,000 British soldiers north of the house. Two weeks later he withdrew,
crossing to Westchester, and Gen. DeHeister's Hessians succeeded them. Many
balls from the American battery at Hoorn's Hook fell on the heights back of
the house.

5. Samuel Hallett Farmhouse, on a height north of the inter-
section of Newtown and Grand Avenues, is supposed to have
been built by Samuel Hallett (a great-great-grandson of the
patantee; see 17) about 1752.

6. Site of the House of Wm. Hallett (grandson of the patentee), near the
corner of Newtown and Jamaica Avenues, where (Jan. 24, 1708), with his wife
and five children, he was murdered by two of his negro slaves (** Riker's
Annals^" p. 142),

c. Site of the Ridge Road to Dutch Kills, now nearly closed or obliterated.

7. Middletown, a hamlet, begun about 1800, near the old school-
house of 1721. Only one or two houses remain.

Continue north on Steinway Avenue to old Bowery Road, passing on

the left

B. Lubber fs, or the Great Swamp, dry now, as the trees have
been cut.

d-d. Old Bowery Road, now partly obliterated, laid out i638-'50
by settlers of the Poor Bowery and the Out Plantations.

Walk east on the Old Bowery Road or Winihrop Avenue,

8. Moore House (near Titus Street), one of the oldest build-
ings in New York, standing on what was once a parcel of 50
acres of woodland reserved by the West India Company, possibly
for ship timber. After 1664 it was patented to Wm'. Hallett, who
had already bought up the Indian title. In 1684 he sold it to
Captain Samuel Moore, son of the Rev. John Moore (see p. 291),
who built this house for himself and his son Joseph in 1690-95.
In 1769 it was sold to Jeromus Remsen. Here in 1757 several
French prisoners of war were lodged on parole, and it is said
that they spent much time hunting near by. About 1776 it was
occupied by the militia officer, Colonel Jeromus Remsen, who had
to take refuge in New Jersey during the British occupation.

27S

Bowery Bay QUEENS 44 Route

9, 10. 17th Century Houses, near the bend of the Bowery Bay
Road. The Bowery Bay schoolhouse, built in 1829, stood near
the bend.

11. Rapalye House (dating before 1750), probably on the site
of the original homestead, and standing in front of the old
family burying-ground. Here Harck Siboutsen of New Amster-
dam settled about 1650, receiving his ground brief in 1654. In
1729 his son Jacobus willed it to Abraham Lent, his nephew.
Dr. Riker, a family connection, took refuge here from the Brit-
ish after the battle of Long Island. About 1800 the house came
into the possession of Isaac Rapalye, who held it nearly half
a century.

12. Riker Homestead, a rare example of property remaining
in the same direct family line and name since the first settle-
ment. Abraham Ryker married the daughter of Hendrick Har-
mensen, the first settler of this part of Long Island, and secured
the patent for this land in 1654. The present house is 18th cen-
tury in style and possibly contains part of the original house.

C. The Poor Bowery (North Beach), historically one of the most interesting
portions of Long Island, was settled by Hendrick Harmensen in 1638, when he
Drought cattle here from New Amsteraam. He was for several years the only
farmer of the north side of Long Island, and was called Henricus Agricola,
Hendrick, the Boor (farmer) in the Doughty patent of 1642. He was killed
by Indians in 164^ and his widow succeeded to the Bowery and married
Jeuriaen Fradell of New Amsterdam in 1645, who the same year obtained
a ground brief for the farm from Kieft. It contained 154 acres, besides the
Houwelicken (Dowry Island, later Luysters) of Bowery Bay, separated by a salt
water creek.

The deacons of the Dutch Church bought the farm before 1654, to establish
maintenance for their poor, hence it was called ** Armen " or "Poor Bowery."
About 1688, they sold it to Pieter Cornelissen Timmermann (also called
I.uyster), the first of that family here. It remained until lately in the possession
of the (Touwenhovens (descendants of the last named owner).

e-e. The rivulet surrounding the lands of " Hendrick the farmer " (as it
is described in the Doughty patent of 1642), still flows south of the Bowery,
draining

D. Trains Meadow, used as a common fresh meadow by English settlers
of Middclhurg (Newtown) as early as 1662, some of the earlier drains being
still visible. It was first recorded as Long Traynes Meadow (Long Drains
Meadow?). It was divided among the settlers in 1678, and part is still a wild
and secluded jungle. The "rivulet" was later called JVessells or Lodowick's
Brook, the Indian name being '* Sackhichneyah."

13. Kouwenhoven Farmhouse, now forming the rear of a
hotel, probably occupies the site of the original house of C.
The whole tract is now the property of the North Beach Im-
provement Co.

Continue through North Beach along the trolley line, crossing the

bridge.

279

Route 44 HISTORICAL GUIDE Bowery Bay

14- Jackson's Mill Pond, now nearly dry, the mill (near the
bridge) being operated first by Warner Wessells, and destroyed
by the Indians in 1655. It was re-established by Pieter Cornelis-
sen Luyster, before 1670. It was later known as Kip's and Fish's
Mill.

f.f. Old Road from the vicinity of the present Corona to thb mill, laid out
about 1662.

15. Farmhouse of Abraham and John I. Rapalye (i8th cen-
tury), just across the bridge on the right, on that part of the
13,000-acre tract patented by Rev. Francis Doughty (1642), re-
served for his own use. It came to the Stevenson family and
(about 1700) to Jesse Kip, their connection by marriage. The
present house was probably built by Captain Thos. Hazard, to
whom the farm belonged, shortly after 1724.

16. Site of Rev. Francis Doughty's House, or the house built by
his son-in-law, Adriaen Van der Donck, the jurist- and determined
opponent of Peter Stuyvesant. It was on or near the site of the late
Strong residence. It was for years the home of the Rapalye, Remsen
and Strong families (in lineal descent), and is described by John
Davis in his " Travels in America," i8oo-*oi, as the seat of his fre-
quent entertainment. A shore road probably existed at the time of
the original settlement.

Return by trolley from North Beach or walk to the Jackson Avenue

line.

ROUTE 45^

SECTION iL— Astoria to steinway.

(Figures refer to Plate LVI; letters to LIV). "
Astoria Ferry from East Ninety-second Street, Manhattan.

See on the left. Hell Gate, Great and Little Mill Rock, Ward's

and Blackweirs Islands on the sotith (Excursion V» Section 7).
Astoria was originally known as Hallett's Point; the bay jt3St belnw
the point is still called Haliett's Cove and that above Pot Cor^e. The
laLter is the scene of the wreck described in Irving's ^* Knickerbocker
History of New York."

In i860, Astoria and Ravenswood were a favorite siibLirban resi-
dence district, but are now greatly deteriorated in portions. Until
1800 this was the almost exclusive^ possession of the Hallett family
(see Historical Sketch of Queens).

Walk tip Fulton Avenue to Main Street.

17. Hallett House (i8th century), near northeast corner Main
Street and Shf re Boulevard, on or near the site of the ancient
stone home?itcad of Wm. Hallett, origpinal patentee of 1500 acres
here. The shore portion had been granted before 1638 to Jacques
Bentyn of Van TwiUer^s Council, who is supposed to have built
a house here destroyed by the Indians in 1643. In 1654 it was
granted by Stnyvesant to Hallett, whose house was also de-
stroyed by Indians in 1655, and rebuilt on the same spot about
l670» where it remained until supplanted by the present house,
about a century later.

18, Hallett House (opposite 17) on the site of the original
house built by the patentee for his son William, prior to 1678,
and burned in 1770*

ig, Stevens House (Boulevard, between Temple and Elm
Streets), built for a country residence by General Ebenezer Stevens*
who purchased the land from the Halletts not long after the Revolu-
tion, and named it Mt. Napoleon. Here on July 14, 1813, he gave a
dinner to Mayor DeWitt Clinton and several prominent military men
on the occasion of the inauguration of military works on Hallett's
Point (known as Castle Stevens and Castle Eo^ardits) for yrotec*
tion against the Britislu

^82

Astoria QUEENS 45 Route

g-g. Sunswick Creek, now small, but once sufficient to help feed a

20. Tide mill j>ond at its mouth, once the property of Captain Jacob Blackwell,
later known as buydam's Mill.

21. Blackwell stone homestead, built in the latter days of the 17th Century,
stood near the foot of Webster Street.

h. Hallett Lane, from the old Hallett dock, followed the line of Main and
Greenoak Streets (past the farm buildings of Wm. Hallett, Jr.), through St.
George's Place, Welling Street (between the Hallett orchards), Main Street,'
Newtown Avenue and Grand Avenue to " The Narrow Passage " (see 44) and
Newtown.

22. Site of the Hallett burying ground, adjoining the old Astoria
Methodist Church, built in 1843, and now used as stores and a tene-
ment (near junction of Main Street and Fulton Avenue).

23. Site of House of Jas. Hallett (great-grandson of the patentee) near corner
Flushing Avenue and Hallett Street. Van Alst Avenue was laid out in 1774 as
a narrow road between Jas. Hallett's garden and orchard to give the farms
along the river access to the cove and was provided with two swinging gates.
It was in constant use by the British during the Revolution* (For other Hallett
farms see 4, 5, 6 in Section I.)

Walk Up the hill past the Public Library to Franklin Street and go

west.

24. St. George's Episcopal Church, on the site of the first
church erected at Hallett's Cove in 1828, the old graveyard lying
just below.

25. Blackwell Mansion, between Remsen and Woolsey Streets,
one of the first houses erected here after the breaking up of
the Hallett farms.

Other Blackwell houses are at the northeast corner Franklin
and Remsen Streets, and on Franklin Avenue opposite Wardell
Street.

26. Reformed Dutch Church of Hallett's Cove, near Remsen
Street, cornerstone laid in 1836.

27. Presbyterian Church, near Stevens Street, erected 1846-7.

Return on Franklin Avenue and go north on Woolsey Street to the

Boulevard,

i-i. Lawrence Lane (later Linden Street and now Hoyt Avenue), till lately
lined with lindens. Fly, Vly or Vleigh Brook, 100 feet south, separating the
Lawrence and Hallett estates. It was named from Lubbert's Vly or swamp
(see B, Sec. I) and its deep bed may yet be seen from behind houses on Hoyt
Avenue.

Walk along the Boulevard to Winthrop Avenue.

The Shore Road Boulevard about 1880 formed one of the finest
roads about New York, being well macadamized, protected by a sea
wall and lined with well-kept suburban residences. AlU\QkW^ n!^v*»
section has deteriorated, it will probab\y tevv\;m\ ^ \^s\^^wl^ <iLv=.\.x\5e^,

Route 45 HISTORICAL GUIDE Astoria

as the channel of the river is too narrow and the current too swift
for docking purposes.

28. Site of the Edward Woolsey House^ corner Woolsey Avenue, burnt in
1898. This tract was originally patented to Anneke Jans and later bought by
Thos. Lawrence, who purchased all the farms in this neighborhood to lay the
foundation of a great estate. A house was built just before 1726 when this

Eart was sold to Joris Rapalye. who held it until 1768, when the house was
urned and the farm came back to the Lawrences, and the late mansion was
built. In Revolutionary days it was the home of Jonathan Lawrence, a wealthy
New York merchant patriot, who was forced to abandon it during the Pritish
occupation. Philip J. Livingston lived here and the soldiers destroyed most of
the timber. ^ Later it came into the possession of the Woolseys, connected by
marriage with the Lawrences. The park-like grounds lie neglected, but there
is reason to believe that they may be purchased by the city for a public park.

29. A. D. Ditmars House, corner Ditmars Avenue, on a tract
originally patented to Philip Geraerdy, proprietor of the White
Horse Tavern (see " New Amsterdam and its People/' p. 12).
His widow sold it to the Lawrences, and Daniel Lawrence had a
house and farm here prior to 1719, when he sold it to Wm. Pen-
fold, an English sea captain and marriage connection.

The dock, just north, is said to have been the point of embarka-
tion for the Hessians in their pursuit of the Americans through
Westchester.

After the war the place was brought by Dr. Dow Ditmars, whose
son, Abraham D. Ditmars, was the first Mayor of Long Island
City. The building is over 100 years old and possibly contains
portions of the original house.

30. Ancient stone house, corner Wolcott Street, on a walled
bank. Here, in 1653, Teunis Craie, town crier of New Amster-
dam, obtained 74 acres from the Dutch Government (" New
Amsterdam and its People," p. 89). In 1654 he leased it to his
son Geurt, on condition that he and Gerrittsen Vries clear 8
acres and deliver to him annually " 100 pieces of merchantable
firewood." Improvements were stopped by the Indian war of
1655. It was bought in 1681 by Hendrick Martensen Wiltsee, of
Copenhagen, who built a house on the site. He resisted the
Lawrences' endeavors to obtain the property, and in 1706 he
turned it over to his son Teunis, who sold most of it to Daniel
and John Lawrence. The Wiltsees remained in the old house
until 1737, when they sold it to Richard Berrien, and either he
or Jacob Rapalye, the next owner, built the present house, which
is one of the best preserved specimens of an i8th century farmr

/rouse.

Turn east on Winthrop Avenue.

oSIa

Steinway QUEENS 45 Route

d-d. Bowery Bay Road is now largely closed (Section I).

j-j. Berrien's Lane, running towards Berrien's Island. Near the shore stood
once Cornelius Berrien's farmhouse, erected about 1727. At the south end of
the lane stood the little school of 1735, on a lot one rod square, and used for
100 years.

31. Wyckoff House (i8th century), on the hill above Rapalye
Street, on the site of the house of Simon Joosten, to whom 54
acres were granted in 1654. It was bought by the Lawrences,
held until 1732, and then sold to Cornelius Wyckoff. (It is now
called the Peter Rapalye House.)

32. Kouwenhoven House (late 17th century), on the site of the
first residence of the Lawrences, who bought up In all 700-800
acres. In 1732 it was sold to Wm. Leverich, who held it for some
years.

2tZ' Burial ground of the Lawrence and Leverich families,
nearly opposite 32, well kept and crowded with monuments.

Return by Steinway car to Thirty-fourth Street Ferry or transfer to

Astoria.

HISTORICAL GUIDE

Plate LVIL Route 46.

QUEENS

ROUTE 46

SECTION III.— MASPETH AND LAUREL Hitt
(Fibres refer to Plate LYII ■ letters to LIV,)

T^ake Grand Street car from Manhattan terminus of WiUiamsburg
Bridge, or Flushing Avenue {Newtown) car from Brooklym Bridge to
Old flushing Road. From here may be made a side trip south (see
Ijelow).

Ic-k, Road from the Ferry (FluBbiri§r and Covert Avenues , atong cast shore of
M^Gpeth Kill, ta the bowery uf Joria Rapalye and Hans Hansen (Bcrj^en),
scene of^ Doujhty^s first settlement* The road was laid out by the L>utch
««ttleTS In 164?. In 1643 they were atuclccd by Indians, when mast of tbe
luittaes were destroyed, few ever being^ reoccupied-

Walk west, crossing L. /. R. R. Tracks to

34 Queens Head Tavern, southeast corner Maspeth and Flush-
itig Avenues, built supposedly by the town and leased by various
landlords. It became a resort for soldiers during the Revolution,
later was a well-known stage house and is still in good repair as
a private house.

35. DeWitt Clinton House, (diagionally opposite) built about
1725 by Joseph Sackett, Judge of Common Pleas. Riker claims
that it viras afterward the residence of Walter Franklin, an opu-
lent New York merchant, till his death in 1780, and after him of
Colonel Corsa, of French and Indian. War fame* DeWitt Clin-
ton married a daughter of Franklin^ a niece of Corsa,

^6. The Town Dock^ stood just west, under the L. L R. R. tracks^ on a
salt-water inlet ni^arty silted up at present. Here fanners brought their producA
to be loaded on shallow market boats for New York, It was laid out by the
GCimmi^ioners in September^ .\7^^f s^nA used until the Revolution, when it be-
came a landing place for British supplies, General Warren having headquarters
id. the Clinton lluuse. In 1792 the Town voted to rebuild the dock at public
dcpensc and to erect a store house here, dockroasters being elected annually.
After the establishment of steam ferries it ffradually fell into disuse and was
finally abandoned in 1865^ rapidly going to aetay.

J 7, Sitfr of Way Fannhause on the knoll west of the dnek, the original home-
stead of that family^ in Newtown, In iBi^ the Furmans bouglit the place and
erected a pretentious mansion^ now demolished^ on the &ite> Two rooms were
papered with sceneg from Telemachus and Parisian views. See the Mott Phi-
vat e BuBViNG Ground near by« A later Fur man House remains aeroAs the
mreet

E. Smithes Island (now called Furman Island), named from cither Richard
Smith (a partner of Francis Doughty in the first lowt\ v^^^'C^'f'^^ '^^ '^ttA'tvit
B^rcnt Smith, an early s^tiilQr whose land rarv irotrk tVos'tiKm^ kst^iKWCr. "S^^-^^
iJatch J»id oa t the viii^gc of Arnbem.

2S7

Route 46 HISTORICAL GUIDE Maspei

Go hack to 35 and walk north on Betts Avenue, passing on the le

38. Underbill Covert Farmhouse, with- several old barns, da
ing back to the early i8th Century. John Denman first locate
here about 1662.

39. Site of the Betts Homestead, recently torn down to make way for tl
Mt. Zion Cemetery^ northeast corner Newtown and Betts Avenues. Here Ca
tain Betts located in 1652, and here he lived until his death at the age of u
in 1713.

1. Old Brook School Road (including part of Newtown Avenue), used as
short cut to Calamus Creek and existing in 1682. Later it was extended sout

40. Site of the Old Brook School House, built about 1739, and only late
removed.

m-m. Fresh Pond Road, so-called from a large pond now filled at the sout
east angle of this road and Mt. Olivet Avenue. It was laid out about i6i
to give access to disputed lands near the present cemeteries of Cypress Hil
and the Evergreens.

S. Tract at junction of Fresh Pond Road and Cooper Avenue, divided ar
settled in 1684 to prevent encroachment by Dutch settlers of adjacent town

n-n. Calamus Road, the original road from the landing on Mespat Ki
(Newtown Creek) to Middelburg. opened about 1651, being the first line <
communication with New Amsteraam. It was later known as the Lower Ros
to Brooklyn Ferry, the Upper Road (modern Grand Street and Maspei
Avenue) being laid out nearly half a century later. The calamus in the a<
jacent swanips gave rise to its name. On it remain several old farmhouse

F. The Maurice Woods, property of the Protestant Episcopal Church of tl
Diocese of Long Island, the gift of Congressman Maurice. The trees ha^
probably stood since the Revolution, when much of the Newtown forests wei
cut by the British.

0-0. This portion of Betts Avenue was originally a wood lane of the extensi\
Betts estate, later an open road known as Featherbed Lane,

Walk west on Newtown Avenue, passing

41. Alburtis House, on Laurel Hill Road, possibly includin
the frame of the house of Thos. Case, an eccentric Quaker, organize
of a strange religious sect, known as Case's Crew, His wife inter
rupted the service in Rev. Wm. Leverich's church at Newtown ii
1675, addressing him as a " whited sepulchre," and demanding hi
resignation (Riker, p. 92). John Alburtis bought the land in 168:
and his family held it for over a century.

42. Peter Debevoise House, corner Newtown and Celtic Av
enues (now the property of Hugh McCullough), dating back t<
about 1780. Opposite, on Celtic Avenue, stands another Debe
voise House of about the same age. Both are well preserved.

The Newtown and Bushwick Turnpike (Shell Road) was opene«
about 1840 (see p. 298).

Return by trolley to Hunter's Point.

QUEENS

ROUTE 46a.

SIDE TRIP SOUTH ON FLUSHING AVENUE.

(See also Excursion XII, Section 3).

Walk south on Old Pushing Road to Onderdonck Avenue.

43. Cluster of old houses, marking some of the earliest settle-
ments of Newtown, two on the west side of the road being well
preserved:

a. The Woodward or Woodard House, opposite the end of
Woodward Avenue, supposed to have been built by Joseph Wood-
ward about 1750, on a large farm containing a great orchard and
cidermill. It previously belonged to the Schencks, whose mill-
pond can yet be distinguished by a circle of decaying willow
trunks.

b. The Wyckofif Farmhouse, just south, on the site of the
house of Hendrick Barentsen Smit (see E), one of the first set-
tlers. After a boundary struggle of over 100 years between the
towns of Bushwick and Newtown, his farm was finally adjudged
to be in Newtown, and on January 10, 1769, the line was fixed at
Arbitration Rock, on the edge of the nearby swamp.

Take car on Flushing Avenue to Park Row, Manhattan,

Plate LVIIL Routes 47, ^, ip^

QUEENS

KOUTE 47.

SECTION IV.— HUNTERS POINT AND WOOD SIDE TO

CORONA.

(Figures refer to Plate LV, letters to LI).

Take latkson Avenue Trolley to Wood side car barns.

Jackson Avenue was laid out about i860 as a toll road to
Flushing.

See along it three milestones marked respectively: "2 miles,*'
"3 miles" and "5 miles from 34th Street Ferry" (4, 3 and 1
mile from Flushing Bridge).

p-p. Site qf the Bntish Camp, along the Dutch Kills Roadj traces of huts
being visible until recently.

44. Thw Narrafi' FasjiQge, a, ton^jxie of dry land crossing formerly almost im-
Ijasiiable swamita (now rnosUy draintjdj, and occupied by the early road. It
v.-:iii all ini|iortant strategical poini in the Revolution and was guarded by the
British.

1** The IVotf S-a^iimp, a wet woodland until (556-7, i" earJy days infested by
wolvt^s. It is now drained in piirt and divided into iota forming part of
WDodside.

q-q. Ancient road forming Middelburg and part of Wood side and Bowery
Bay Avenues^ connecting plantations of Bowery Bay and Dutch Kills, opened
iibout i6sS'6o-

rr. Woodsidc Avenue^ from the town (MiddelbuTg) to the Dutch settle-
ments^

45, Jackson Mansion (corner Jackson Avenue and Bowery
Bay RoadJ, in large grounds, surrounded by the remains of an
old forest* The house was built about 1B02 by Wm, Paynter,
owner of the estate.

Go north oil the Bowery Bay Road (behind 45).

46. Site of the Moore Farmhoitje (several blocks east on Jamaica
Avenue), adjoining the small burying ground now marked by some
decaying evergreens. During the Revolution this property was owned
by Nathaniel Moore, great-grandson of Rev. Juhn Moore, first minis-
ter of the town. It was t^^ken by the British after the Battle of Long
island and becatuc the headquarters of Lieutenant-Gcneral Sir Henry
Clintoik A striiggling suburban settlement now occupies the farm.

47, Purdy Farmhouse (opposite Grand Avenue), built shortly
before the Revolution and scene of the shooting of one of the
soldiers of the Royal Highlanders Regiment (the '* Black Watch"')
while on a marauding expedition, by one of the slaves of Cornelius
Rapalye. then owner ( Riker, p. 207).

4H, Riker Farmhouse (opposite Wilson Avenue), on property
purchased in 168S by Abraham Rycker (or R\ktt\, ^\\<^ Gvs^Nt^
farm north. In lyiy his son Abta\Tiam bm\l v\\fe ^xsvi^ Vt^vv^^

Route 47 HISTORICAL GUIDE Woodside

which forms the middle of the present building. In the Revolu-
tion it was owned by his son. Jacobus Riker. In 1776 the house
was plundered by the British, and later the Hessian troops en-
camped near by used the great oven to bake their bread.

Return to Jackson Avenue and go east on Newtown Avenue, passing

school-house to Betts Avenue; turn to the right; Newtown

here becomes Woodside Avenue.

49. The old Town Spring or Watering Place (Woodside and
Betts Avenues), on high ground 125 feet to the west of the road.
Originally it was known as Rattlesnake Spring, then Newton's
Spring, from Captain Bryan Newton, in the Dutch service at
New Amsterdam, who had in 1652 a patent for the land running
up to it. It still has a large flow. There was once a large tank
or pool by the roadside for public use, but this plot, 100 feet
square, has been enclosed as private property, whether without
extinguishing public rights is not known.

50. The Cumberson House, just south, post- Revolutionary, re-
placing one of earlier date, was plundered by the British and later,
near the close of the war, was attacked at night by British de-
serters, one of whom was shot fatally by Thos. Cumberson, then
owner (Riker, p. 213).

Return to Jackson Avenue and take trolley to
s-s. Trains Meadow Road and Old Bowery Road, laid out before 1678.

51. Hazard (later Duryea) Homestead, at the corner. The
farm was owned as early as 1740 by Jas. Hazard, prominent in
the Episcopal Church of Newtown.

52. Rapalye House, of the middle i8th century. Daniel Rap-
alyc had a large farm here about 1737, but this house seems of a
somewhat later date.

Keep to right past 52, to Junction Avenue; follow trolley tracks to

right, across Jackson Avenue.

t-t was a road from the town to Peter Cornelissen's mill, opened about 1700.
The two large mansions of Colonial style on the west side date about 1840
and occupy parts of the large farm of Colonel Edward Leverich a projector of
the L. I. R. R. They are:

53. Late residence of Chas. P. Leverich, once president of the
Bank of New York, now deceased.

54. Late residence of Henrj- S. Leverich, now deceased.

55. Fish's Store (now closed), just across the Flushing Road,
curious shingled building occupied as a storehouse by Thos.

about i8oO''20.

292

Corona QUEENS 47 Route

H. Site of the Fashion Race Course, the principal race course near New York
1850-65, later supplanted by Jerome Park. The surrounding brick wall has
mostly disappeared and the track has been cut up into lots.

I. I. Original home lots of first settlers of Middelburg

L. L. On the west broad market gardens occupy what was once the Common
Fields of the first settlers of Middelburg.

Return to Jackson Avenue and continue on car to

56. Lent Farmhouse, at the angle of Flushing and Jackson
Avenues (Montgomery Street), overlooking Flushing Bay, re-
cently rebuilt and remodeled, probably on the site of the earlier
house of John Ramsden, one of the first settlers, who died here
soon after 1688. The second house was erected about 1712, a
giant sycamore which overshadowed it having been preserved.
During the Revolution it was occupied by Captain Thos. Law-
rence. The 37th British Regiment was encamped here, i78o-'8i,
to guard it against the attacks of " whaleboat men " from the
mainland.

J. Jonckers Island (south shore of Flushing Bay), named for
"Joncker" (lord) Adriaen Vanderdonck (first settler of Yonkers),
son-in-law of Rev. Francis Doughty (see 15, Sect. I). It was once
well wooded land and a picnic resort of some fifty years ago known
as St. Roman's Well. The trees have disappeared and much build-
ing sand has been carried away from the " island.**

57. Site of Rapalye House, on the south side of Flushing and Newtown
Turnpike, on the farm occupied by Cornelius Berrien and his brother-in-law,
Abraham Brinckerhoof, soon after 1684: later by Joris Rapalye, a brewer, and
his descendants; though long untenanted, it was kept in gooa condition by the
Eiliot family on whose grounds it stood until burned in 1906.

Go up Summit Avenue and take Grand Street trolley to Corona
Station, Return by L. /. R, R, or take Section V.

HISTORICAL GUIDE

ROUTE 48.

SIDE TRIP.— CORONA TO COE'S MILL.

From Corona Station go east on
. u-u. Newtown and Corona Avenues, from the town to Coe*s Mill,
laid out on the line of the original road soon after the settlement of
the town.

58. Burroughs Farmhouse (i8th Century), well preserved, on
Newtown, between Mulberry and Sycamore Avenues. The fields
of this farm included much of the village.

59. The ancient Coc Farmhouse and Coe*s Mill or New Coe*s
Mill Hotel, opposite, three blocks beyond Strong's Causeway.
The house dates back to about 1750 and the mill was established
by Captain John Coe about 1652, being shown on the Hubbard
Map of 1666. It remained in the family until nearly the Revolu-
tionary period, since which time it has been called Titus*, Rap-
alye's or Carll's Mill and operated until lately.

60. The Lott House, about 100 years old, well preserved, is
just across the creek.

61. Town Watering Place, dating from latter half of i7th Century, the
springs being collected from over two acres in an old stoned tank now filled
with soil.

v-v. and w-w. Supposed route of original roads from Middelburg to Coc*»
Mill and to Jamaica, changed about 1750.

QUEENS

ROUTE 50.

SECTION v.— MIDDLE VILLAGE.

(Figures refer to Plate LVIII, and letters to LIV).

Take Calvary Cemetery car from Thirty-fourth Street Ferry to Luth-
eran Cemetery, terminus of route on Metropolitan Avenue.

Go to left to Cemetery Gate '

And from the top of the hill note view of this district. See old
house.

Return and go east on Metropolitan Avenue, passing

A new Methodist Church (note tablet) to St. John's Cemetery.
Here go to the left on Dry Harbor Road, passing the Methodist
Cemetery and site of the old Methodist Church and crossing Furmans-
ville Road to the

62. House of the late Judge Furman. The road was so called
because it terminated in a cluster of farms. The house (of about
1750) faced a large pond, lately filled, surrounded by great black
walnut trees, now mostly destroyed.

Go east on Furmansville (now called Middle Village) Road to Trot-
ting Course Lane, passing two old houses.

63. Tompkins Farmhouse, one-quarter mile north on a hill, on
the west side of the road, built about 1760 by Samuel Waldron.
During the winter of i78o-'8i the Royal Highland Regiment was
quartered here, forcing Waldron to give up to them the use of
his blacksmith's shop and committing great depredations in the
locality.

Go south on Trotting Course Lane

(leading to the South Meadows, laid out in 1668, and receiving its present
name in 1821, after the laying out of the Union Race Course.)

A short distance east on the IVhitepot Road see

64. Whitepot School, first established here in 1739, this being
the fourth or fifth building.

65. Springsteen Homestead, beyond the L. I. R. R. bridge,

where Casper Joost Springsteen settled in 1700. Much of the

land around still belongs to the family.

y-y. Whitepot Road, laid out early in the 18th Century. See several old
farmhouses. The word *' pot " is probably a corruption of the Dutch " !j\it "
meaning " pit " or " hollow." It was the bed ol «t X^t^'t ^Vc^^tcl V^tc^^ %\»k.'^
dried up,

295

Route 50 HISTORICAL GUIDE Middle Village

Return and go south on Trotting Course Lane.

66. Van Duyn Homestead, in neglected grounds now owned
by St. John's Cemetery. The Van Duyns were original settlers
here, Captain Dow Van Duyn being active in the Royal service
during the Revolution. In consequence the farm was confiscated
by the state government after the war and sold to Thos. McFar-
ran, a New York merchant. The house passed through several
hands and for a time was untenanted and considered haunted.
In 1778-79 it was the guardhouse of the Royal Highlanders. Later,
it was for some time used in connection with a large dairy.

M. Hempstead Swamp, lands allotted and clearing begun about 1670, when
draining began.

67. Remsen Farmhouse, one-quarter mile south on the op-
posite side of the road. This is possibly part of the original
dwelling of Abraham Remsen, who in 1712 aided in clearing
Hempstead Swamp. His grandson, Jeromus Remsen, Jr., was
Colonel of a regiment of Kings and Queens County Militia at
the Battle of Long Island. The family were under constant
British surveillance and the farm suffered many depredations
(Riker, p. 188).

68. Site of the Dow Suydam Farmhouse, built just below about 1736, and
destroyed by fire a few years ago.

69. Van Duyn Homestead. William Van Duyn cleared the land and settled
here about 1719, the family prospered and built the present dwelling before
the Revolution. Shortly before that the estate was divided and while the north
half was confiscated (see 66), the south remained in .the family. It was the
last cleared land in this direction, running into forests reserved as hunting
grounds by the Indians in their deed to Middelburg (1656), now forming Cypress
Hills Cemetery and Forest Park, the latter being laid out about 1898.

Go south to Myrtle Avenue and return by trolley.

2q6

QUEENS

ROUTE 49-

SECTION Vh

THE VILLAGE OF NEWTOWN (ELMHURST) CALLED MID-
DELBURGH BY THE DUTCH

(Figures refer to Plate LIX),

Take L. L R. R. (Thiriy-fourth Streei Ferry) to Elmhurst; or N. K

and Queins County Electric R. R. from foot Borden

Avenue^ Long Island City {Tkirty- fourth Street), to

Elmhurst; leave car at Shell Road.

This vilUgc was settled tarly in 1653 (Riker'a statement, Annals of New-
town, p. 37). That it " was begun upon the street where the Presbyterian
Church now stands, on both sides of which lots were laid out " is *io in-
acmrate as to be entirely misleading. The house lots were laid out un the
soutti side of the street (now HolTinari Avenue), and on the north side of
Coitrt Street, the intetvenini? space being occupied hy a wet tract traversed hy
the smatl Horse Bronk. The lots laid out in this space (about an acre or two
each) were intended only for pasturage^ and were so used for nearly a century*
Then some small houjea were built, a few of which have surviveo. giving an
atiliqualed air to the neiglihurhood, while niuj^t uf the other old houses have
{disappeared^

Unfortunately the historic name was changed to Elmhurst a few yearsi ago
to satisfy the fancy of a real estate speL:ubtar,

Tiie itinerary begins at the north end of the old village, beyond
the railroad station. Here at the northwest angle of Broadway and
Shell Road sec

T. Moore House, the middle portion being probably the orig-
inal home of Samuel Moore* son of Rev. John Moore, first tnin*
ister at Newtown* The latter died in 165^, in occupation of the
•* town house*' (to)» his family being asked by Stttyveaant to va-
cate in February, 1661 (as it was pnblic property), in favor of
the newly-appointed schoolmaster* This date thns approximately
fixes the date of this honse^ making it contemporaneous with the
Bowne hotise of Flnshing (14, Sec. VII), these being two of the
oldest known hottses in the vicinity of New York. In one of
the records the ^' barn lot *' of this farm is spoken of in 1663, im-
plying the existence of the house before that time. The property
has always remained in the family of the original owtier.

a. Woodv^ard (later Victor) House (the north wing, 18th cen-
tury).

The original homestead (torn down abowt 1880) stood Bome distance uorthr
the farm having been in the family from 1666. The ham was occnnied hy the
BrUii^h as a hospital and was the scene of the shouting by Tbcsfe. NHw^^^t^Al iA
» BritiBli soldier for sTeaJ ing poultry (Hiker, \i, aiO'

J, Flmbiug Road, opened about i8is uu4 \qu^ m^\^\.^^^'^^ ^^ ^

297

HISTORICAL GUIDE

Plate LIX, Route 49.

4. Shell Road, constructed about 1840 of crushed oyster shells.

5. She of the house of Daniel Bhomfield, a resident before 1666. In 1840.
after naising throueh many hands, it came to Samuel Lord, head of the old
New York dry goods house of Lord & Taylor. Though carefully preserved by
the l>ordB« after building a large residence east of it, it was burned in 1872,

6. Formerly a small brook occupied the line of the electric road.

7. Old Town Watering Place, a small pond for watering cat-
tle, referred to in 1820 as having been in use " from time im-
incniorial." It was enclosed by Samuel Lord in 1842 by permis-
HJon.

8. Clermont Terrace, built, 1850, by Samuel Lord as model
suburban residences.

a. S//r of t)ic " nrw house ** (so-called in 1689) of Content Titus, who had

f">iiu/ii f/ir ohi "town house" (10) in 1672, where he resided for a time.

,.,.., " ^ ' V \tv this

through many

''"iiulif f/ir tthi "town house" (10) in 1672, where he resided for i
"// '' ^''"" tnrctinur in lOHg it was resolved thai \\\c tecoTds \it Vc^V
'•eo/J^' /;""T- " '//le house passed to his daughler NV\^^\\, Vct \
^'^c j'unuss, and through many other hands unlW desUo^t<i» \9oV^-

298

Newtown QUEENS 49 Roule

10. Site of the ancient Town House of Middelburg or Newtown, built about
i6§4 to be used as a parsonage, ,for punlic meetings, and the holding of re-
ligious services, and first occupied by Rev. John Moore. After his death
in 1657, the widow remained in possession of the premises, including 20 acres.
She married later Francis Doughty, son of Rev. Trancis Doughty, the first
patentee of Newtown. In 1661, on the appeal that this was public property,
Stuyvesant ordered Doughty to give up the premises. In 1662 the building was
repaired and newly thatched, two rooms being then lathed and plastered. In
1665, at a meeting of deputies from Long Island towns at Hempstead to settle
various disputes. Governor NicoU and the Assembly awarded the property again
to Mrs. Doughty. In 1672 Content Titus, son of a New England pioneer and
a new resident, married Mrs. Doughty's daughter by Rev. John Moore, and
bought the premises. He spent a long and active life here, dying in 1730.
For some time he allowed the town the use of the house for public meetingjs.
The property was sold to Wm. Sackett, and in 1761 he left a large part of it,
including the house, to St. James Episcopal Church, apparently as a rectory.
There being no separate rector until 1797 (when Rev. Henry Van Dyke came),
it was probably leased out. The English traveler, John Davis, wrote an in-
teresting description in 1798 of the house. The date of its destruction is un-
known. The present building is quite modern (about 1840).

11, 12. The present parsonage (separated by a narrow lane
from 10) and the modern St. James Church, dedicated in 1849,
when the old church (23) was abandoned.

13, 14. Meadow of the Church of St. James, and lane leading
thereto .devised to the church by Wm. Sackett in 1761. Part of the
meadow, fronting Main Street, has been built on for 50 years or
more.

IS. Site of the second Town House of Newtown, built about 1677, and first
used as a parsonage until 1695, when a house was purchased tor the new
minister. As the church was frequently without a pastor, it was probably
occupied as a school and for town business. In 1747 it was superseded by a
third Town House immediately adjacent, which was used until 1805, when a
fourth was erected on the site of 15, remaining in use until 185 1 (24a).

The Newtown Hotel occupies the site of these buildings.

15. The Little Commons (marked on plan x x x x) remained common
until sold at auction in 1849, most of it being previously occupied by the
Town House, etc., and a plot given the congregation of St. James for its first
church; the bulk was leased for pasturage, etc.

16. The Dutch Reformed Church, built in 1733, octagonal in
shape, with a high pitched roof, and used in the Revolution as a
British powder magazine. It was taken down in 1831 and the
present building erected in 1832.

Go east on Union Avenue formerly

17. Dutch Church Lane, or Dutch Lane, leading from the church to the old
Common Field of the first settlers. Widened and extended in 1824-27 and now
called Union Avenue.

18. Negro Burial Ground, set apart by the town in 1818, now occupied by
an African church. The ola lane (17) here took an abrupt turn (19) and the
closed portion with a small grove adjoining was probably given for this purpose,
on the straightening of the lane at the period named.

20. The Commons or North Common Field for the heavier crops, grain, to-
bacco, Indian corn, etc., where division fences need yvoV "V^e. ycva.\v\'aA\\vi\, ^jocv^
where settler* could work in a body for secv\r\ly afta.\x\«>V \w^\a.T\. •a.\X-!^<iSf.'s»\ nXv^
"home lots " of 6-10 acres beinf; used for smaU ctovs, \\ov\"?.e'a» \i^^^^^ V"^"^"^^"^"^^^^ ;

etc. It was laid out about 1663, north and east oi V'^"^^^'^ vcva^VfcC^ ^^ ^^

The land was divldedr about 1700.

299

Route 49 HISTORICAL GUIDE Newtown

2oa. Ludlow House, probably the only old house built (about
the end of the Revolution) in the Commons Tract, on land owned
in 1738 by Samuel Fish, who resided in the center of the village.

21. Maj-Gen. Robertson's camp, the British army entering Newtown Aug. 30,
1776, three davs after the Battle of Long Island. At night they are said to
have committed great depredations (Riker, p. 190).

Return to Broadway,

22. Site of old Newtown Hotel (about 100 feet from corner of Cook Avenue
and Broadway), a tavern of the early 19th century on land now belonging to
the Reformed Church.

23. The original St. James Episcopal Church, built 1735 on
land granted by the town. It is well preserved and was used
until the present church (12) was erected; still in use on special
occasions. The steeple at the west end was taken down a few
years ago.

24. Small neglected Burying Ground in rear of the church.
24a. Sixth Town Hall (now a police station since consolidation),

built 1893 on the site of the afth Town Hall, erected 185 1. The latter
was an unpretentious structure, on the south side of which was later
erected a small one-story brick Town Clerk's Office. The lot was
originally an open space in the roads.

25. The Town Spring at the rear of 24 (now filled) and used till 24a was
built.

26. Site of the Howard Farmhouse (removed about 1886), on the home "lot"
of John Reeder, an original settler. It was probably the site of Reeder'fi
house, built toward the end of the 17th century.

Go east on Court Street.

27. The Horse Brook, where the townspeople watered their
horses.

28. Early 19th Century house on the site of the house of
Joseph Reeder, an old inhabitant whose family kept the property
till 1736, when they removed to Orange County.

28a. View of old village from Prospect and Chicago Avenues.

29. Col. Bernardus Bloom's Farmhouse, on the farm composed
in part of 3 home lots bought by Col. Bloom in 1742. The farm
originally consisted of 40 acres purchased by John Brinckerhoof
soon after 1700. It was long in the possession of the Suydams

^/76^ has undergone several changes.

sa Old Town Burial Ground, in \v\\\c\\ mo?>\. oi tVve first set-
were buried. In 1901 the remains ol \\ve ^t?>\. \.\v\^^ ^^"sX.cyt^
"o prominent laymen, including CotvVttvV T\\.\\s ^s^^ \^^

tTewtowit ^^^^^F QUEENS 4g Route

were reinterred in th^ Presbyterian burial gjound. Spasmodic^
but utisuccessful, attempts have been made to clear the ground
and put it in order. ■

30a. The so-called BuTTOUghs House (about 1700)1 on the site
of the home of Wm, Stevenson, sold by him to Richard Betts in
1742, and in the Eetts family for nearly a century. It stands
just west of the site of the house of John Burroughs, an original
settler, long the Town Clerk, In 1674, for sending a communi-
cation to Gov. Andros reflecting on the Government, he was or-
dered to be fastened for an hour to the whipping post in front
of the City Hall in New York with a paper on his breast setting
forth his offence (Riker, p. gi}.

30b. Colonial House (about 1750), on the site of the house of
Edward Jessup, an original settler, whose extensive farm was
considered to mark the end of the town, as in 1660 a thief was
sentenced to walk from the Town House through the village
"with two rods under each arm, and the drum beating before
him until he comes to Mr. Jessup*s House/' ■

Rettirn to Broadway. "

31. The Corner House {Broadway and Hoffman Avenue),
erected about 171 6 by Jonathan Fish, who had here a taverij
famous for a century, his son, Samuel, keeping it (1723-67). In
1756 some Acadian exiles v^ere boarded here by the authorities.
During the Revolution it was kept by Abraham Rapalye, a head-
quarters of loyalists, refugees and British ofhcers and men, when
ils ballroom on the vipper floor was the scene of much gaiety.
* In 1776 Wm. Sackett, a prominent '* rebel " here under arrest,
escaped after getting his guards drunk. After the war it was
called the Union Hotel, but was purchased with ti acres of
ground in 1817 by the Presbyterian Church, and used until 1821
as a parsonage, when it was sold and used first as a store and
then for a long period as a private residence* (There is a mod-
ern house on the present corner.)

It stands on the site of the house of Ralph Hunt, an ongti^l settler. In

166S this houiije and {tathuiiding^ were burned^ and in 1671 Hunt gave land for

(lie constTuciion nf the rirjf church buiiding ht Ueivtojvni services hflving pre*

viously been held in the Town House, which was juat then decided to be
private property (see 10 J,

Tri this church (enlarged in 1694) Lord Cornbury inducted^ against tke ^vl
of I he people. Rev. Win. Urtjiihart, an Episcopal det^^m^w, "^^iv -^^i^^'Oft^wt ^xv
it in J/0-, 3 yjskmg iVesbyterian minister, Utv, ^tj^w ^iafTOL\As>vt, -«%% V^ V^T^
Wk'j warraitt arrtstvd and imprisoned in l^ow \otV- \v\ VTV^ C^5vS^ xV
sliim The haftt!6 of t/ie people, was formaUy ttatft^mue:^ ^ ^t^%\i^v^^>^ -
ihM. new church was t,uj/t (see 3^^, J •* -

Rottte 49 HISTORICAL GUIDE Newtcmn

Go west on Hoffman Boulevard to Maurice Avenue; follow the latter
across the L. L R. R. track and walk across lots to the left.

31C. Farmhouse of Jonathan Hunt (?) dating perhaps from
1700.

Return via Calamus Road (passing several old houses) to Broad-
way and turn to the left at Hoffman Boulevard,

31 a-b. Old Road to the Ferry or Calamus Road.

X'X. Hoffman Boulevard to Rusdorp (Jamaica) laid out before the i8th
Century.

3 id. Upper Road to the Ferry, laid out about 1696, along which Aug. 30,
1776, Maj-Gen. Robertson's detachment entered Newtown, " driving before
them large quantities of cattle " (Riker, p. 190).

Return to Jamaica Road.

32. The old Presbyterian Church and burial ground, erected
1716 (see 31). After the British entry much damage was done
this church by the loyalists, because the Presbyterians as a rule
favored the American cause. Part of the steeple was sawn off
and lowered to the ground at night by a band of young men; the
building was then used as a guard house and military prison, and
afterward demolished. The present structure was built 1787-91
and is still used on special occasions. The stone church opposite
was made possible by a special bequest in 1893.

2t2i. Presbyterian Parsonage, built 1821 on the site of an or-
chard belonging to the "Corner House" (31), where Whitefield
preached in 1764 to a large congregation.

34. Large house end of i8th Century, builder unknown.

35, Horse Brook Road (see 27).

36, Site of the Bark Mill and Pond of IVm. V alienee, 1721. The house here
may be of the same date, but reconstructed. The pond is now drained.

Return to Hoffman Boulevard.

37. House of Samuel Renne, or the Brettoniere House (from
a later owner), now completely modernized, formerly of Colonial
style and pro-Revolutionary. It is the second house from the
ci>rnor of Brettoniere Street. It was for a time the headquarters
of Sir William Howe, Commander-in-Chief of the British forces,
and from this house he sent an account of the Battle of Long
Island to Lord Germain in England.

j^. Site of tlie endimttnent of z^d Reg\men% or the Royal Welsh Fusiliers,
'fi^f^'l' ■' »«y/<wt» huts have been found on the Y\\\\ V>e\v\v\A yj,
*^. .s//.^ of the li.jf^tist ChurcK erected about \B.oq, \ou^ c\o?«^. \tv \%^t
'z>A>,, 1"*' ^*^ another site and known as " Assocva^uotv \\a\\" xvwi wv

-^02

Newtown QUEENS 49 Route

39. Site of the Quaker Meeting-House, erected 1722 and burned 1844.

40. Site of the so-called House of Jacob Field, a small one-story stone building
with loopholes in the garret; probably the home of an original settler; removed
a few years ago.

41. Road to South Meadows, opened 1668.

42. Modern house on the site of James Smith's house (an original settler)
built about 1700, and recently torn down. Several other small cottages stood
between this and 43 but were early demolished, these lands being consolidated
to make up the Presbyterian parsonage farm.

43. The Parsonage Farmhouse (sold 181 1 and then called the
Thompson or Odekirk House) was built about 1750 on the site of
the original parsonage (purchased by the congregation in 1695 with
12 additional acres). The Town had previously (1678) set apart 50
acres here for the minister's use.

N. (On Plate LIV), is said to have been an artificial lake formed by beavers
and covering the low grounds between Middelburg and modern Winfield. It
was drained and divided among the inhabitants in 1678, at which time and
long after it was known as Smith's Meadows.

HISTORICAL GUIDE

ROUTE 51

SECTION VIL— FLUSHING.

(Figures refer to Plate LX; letters to LIV).

Long Island or North Side Railroad to Flushing.

Settlement beffun, spring of 164^, by a small band of English colonbts, given
permission by tne^ authorities at New Amsterdam. Although later a few Dutch
arrived, the English always predominated. These settlers came to possess com-
(Miratively large tracts of land, but settled together upon their ** home lots " in
the small village of Flushing. Unfortunately, the Town Records were destroyed
by fire in 1789, together with the house ot the Town Clerk, Jeremiah Vander-
bilt, through the act of a negress slave, who was hanged therefor in the
following year. The nearest village in early days in this part of Long Island
being Hempstead, i^ miles distant through .the forests, the only access of the
settlers to the outside world (chiefly, of course, to New Amsterdam) for a few
years was by water through the East River and Flushing Creek.

OLD ROADS AND FAMOUS SITES IN FLUSHING VILLAGE

a-a. Early Road, probably before 1650 (Main Street extended south), to in-
tersect the road (once an Indian path from the Great Plains to the East River)
made by Hempstead settlers to New Amsterdam. Part of it may have run
much to the west of the .present road.

b-b. The Rocky Hill Road (following portions of Sanford, Parsons and Queens
Avenues), leading to the southeast part of Flushing patent, intersecting the
path to Hempstead and shortening the distance thereto.

c-c. Fresh Meadow Road^ branching south from bb, both being shown on
the Hubbard Map of 1666.

d-d. Road to Whitestone (now Whitestone Avenue), one branch continuing
east to several farms along shore at "The White Stone;** the other branch
is the

e.-e. Road to Lawrence Neck, now College Point.

1. First Landing Place, later site of the Town Dock. A crooked lane (now
Old Lawrence Street) led to the same and to

2. Lawrence Homestead, supposed to have been on or near the site of the
present Lawrence residence west of (New) Lawrence Street.

3. The first dwellings south side Bridge Street (originally the upper part of
Lane to the Town Dock) and on both sides of Main Street near its head.

4. The Town Pond originally on the site of the Public Square and vicinity;
used for watering the cattle, etc. It received several springs east of Main
Street, and ran off through swampy woodland to the north. It was filled up
about 1843.

5. The Block House (in 1704 called the Guard House) about on the present
site of the New Armory, built for defense against the Indians in 1645. It
was employed for town meetings and here, in 1646, the Kev. Francis Doughty
preached until 1648, when, for derogatory remarks against the Dutch authorities
at New Amsterdam, it was closed against him by the Schout. Here in 1704
the Rev. Wm. Urquhart held the first Episcopal services in the town. In 1776
the British pulled it down for firewood. On its site in 1827, the Orthodox
Quakers (as opiposed to the Hicksites, whose meeting-house stands still a littfe
to the west) built their first place of worship.

6. Site of Prince's Nursery (1737, see Waller's History of Flushing), in 1750
famous and known as the Linnaean Botanic Garden (consisting of eight acres)
forming part of Farrington's Neck on which (site unknown) stood the earliest
tide mill of the town.

During the Revolution the Garden was preserved by special efforts of the

British officers. It was visited by Washington in the fall of 1789. In 1841

J^jun^evs (now Prince Street) was opened and the land given up to building.

^, S/te of the British Beacon or signal pole, line of Washington Street, west

^^ Bowne Avenue. It was in line with one ten miles east on Sutton's Hill,

ottr JVecJc (Manhasset) and another on Norwich H'vW, sovi\\\ ol 0>}^VeT Bay,

'''Atecn miles distant.

^ Aveaui''''"^ -fftf/Z^O^^ commanding the viUafte on Vvvg^i ^xoux^e^ o^^o^vXfc

Flushing

QUEENS
FLUSHING VILLAGE.

SI Route

^mfjerary be^ifis at bridge of the tVhiit'siofte Branch of the L. L R. R.

W 9' Prince Mansion (later rSth Century), well preserved, cor-
ner Bridge Street and Lawrence Avenue,

10. Hamilton Mali, southwest eorner Washington and Garden
Streets, built, originally at Main and Locust Streets^ in 180.1, ^s
a parish academy by St, George^s Episcopal parish, bnt» not meet-
ing success, it was removed in 1810 to its present site,

^L Go East on Bvoadtmy,

■ ir. Old Quaker Meeting-House, Broadway above Main Street,
built i6g4'5, on 3 acres bought 1652 by the Quakers for this pur-
pose and a burial ground. In 1696 they held their Yearly Meet-
ing here for the first time, and in i/O:? the Rev. George Keith of
the Church of England attempted to preach here, but w^as pre-
vented. The building was shingled, plastered and repaired in 1704,
and the Quaker records say a new building was erected in 1719, —
leaning probably some addition. The British army ttsed it as

Plate LX. Route %\

Route 51

HISTORICAL GUIDE

Flushing

a barracks, hospital and store-hottse, but in 1783 it was repaired
and restored to its original use (Onderdonck " Friends in Hew
York and Long Island/' pp. Q4-95)-

Go Wesi &n Whiles tone Avenue.

12. Mitchell House, pre-Revokitionary, headquarters of Col
Hamilton of the British army, at the southeast corner Whitestone
and Bayside Avenues.

Return to Broadzva^.

13. Aspmwall House, south side of Broadway, east of Union
Street, probably built by John Aspinwall (about 1760), a New
York merchant, and a British headquarters in the Revolution,

Ga east on Bowne Avenue (formerly Bowne*s Lane)

14. Bowne Homestead, on an old lane now widened and called
Bowne Avenue, corner Washington Streetj one of the oldest, if
not the oldest, of buildings extant in the vicinity of New York.
It was built by John Bowne, an English Quaker, who settled here
about 1655* For opening it for the Quaker conventicles he was
arrested by the Dutch authorities in 1662 and sent, in 1663, for
trial to Holland. But he w«is soon released, and he returned in
1665 (after the surrender to the English), and his house
continued to be used for Quaker meetings, the celebrated
George Fox being entertained here in 1672 on his visit from Eng*
land (see 15, Sect. VIII). It is now^ a historical museum under
the care of Miss Parsons,* and contains much colonial furniture,
copper, silver and brass ware, wearing apparel, etc. The sides of
the house are covered with hand-made shingles

15. Fox Oaks, once nearly opposite the Bowne House, now
marked by a tablet on a boulder at the edge of the street {erected
by the Flushing Historical Society, October 12, 1907), stating the
fact that George Fox (founder of the Society of Friends) preached
here in 1762.

Go down Washington to Main Street and walk ^outk

16. Old house (end of iSth century), 27 Main Street, raided
3/rd 3 modern story placed beneath it Other old houses similarly

€i/s£^ms^ci nmy exist in the tteighborhood

'^laSSa^/^^^^i^f^'^"^^'^" ^5 cents; address for inUrmaV^tJtv ^\s.^ V:w%m, \^\

306

Flushing QUEENS 51 Route

17. St. George's Episcopal Church (about 1850), and in front
of the church built in 1812, still used for church purposes. The
first Episcopal services were held in the Block House (see 5);
then a church was built here in 1746, the land being given in
1749 by Captain Hugh Wentworth, and the original building
completed in 1761 through the liberality of John Aspinwall (13).

Tablet (erected in 1803) within the church, in memory of
Francis Lewis, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, who was
church warden here in 1765-90.

18. Garretson House, east side, between Lincoln and Locust
Streets (latter 17th Century), a well-preserved farm house.

19. Flushing Institute (Amity Street), built in 1827, later
known as St. Ann's Hall, and in 1845 turned by Ezra Fairchild
into a famous boarding school for boys.

20. St. Thomas Hall built 1838-9; became known later as St.
Joseph's Academy for young ladies.

21. Sanford Hall (Jamaica Avenue south of Franklin Place),
originally the stately mansion of Nathan Sanford, Chancellor of
the State of New York, who in 1822 bought up several farms
fronting on the present Jamaica Avenue and built this house in
1836. Dying soon after, the house, with its park-like grounds,
running back to Parsons Avenue, came into the possession of Dr.
John Macdonald, who here established a celebrated private in-
sane asylum.

Route 51 HISTORICAL GUIDE Oudying Points

OUTLYING POINTS.
B. SOUTH OF FLUSHING VILLAGE.

22. Tract of the Willett family (southwest of the village and extending to
t!)e Jamaica line), separated from its outlying farms by Kissena Brook. The
i»itc of the homcsteaci is not known, but Thos. Willett, an English soldier in
the Dutch service at New Amsterdam, left two children, William and Thomas,
bv hi» wife Sarah, who later married Charles Bridges, an English officer under
tnc Dutch, and called by them Carel van Brugge (New Amsterdam, p. 102
et seq.}. Bridges and his familv became earlv residents of Flushing and he
waft one of the patentees named in the Flushing town patent in 166^. He
claimed some interest in the above tract of land whether in his own right or
that of his wife. After his death in 1682, a patent was issued to his brother
Thomas and to Thos. Willett, stepson of Charles Bridges.

23. Willett Burial Ground is at north end of Cedar Grove Cemetery
(reached by B. R T. trolley to entrance of Cemetery).

24. Spring Hill Estate (Remsen Avenue and Mill Koad), of Lieutenant-Gov-
ernor (^adwallader Colden, part of the Willett property bought by Colden in
1762. lie held the office of acting Governor of New York more than six years,
between 1760-1775, and spent his last days here. His son David aiding the
Hritish. the farm was sold under forfeiture after the war and has passed
through several hands, not being well kept up of late years.

Fresh Meadow Tract (south of Flushing Cemetery), was settled in early

days and many British troops were quartered here in the Revolution.

24. .Site of Duryea Farm House, near the south end of Flushing Cemetery,
•erving as British headquarters.

rrom (21) above go south to Forest Avenue, go three blocks to left
and take Jamaica trolley to Fresh Meadow Road.

25. Lawrence House (Lawrence Road, east of Fresh Meadow
Ro;id).

26. West House (west of Fresh Meadow Road, south of North
Hempstead Road).

27. Old house (corner Black Stump Road and Fresh Meadow
Road).

28. Wright Homestead (?), half a mile west on the Jamaica
Road (south of North Hempstead Road), small, and perhaps dat-
ing l)ack to the early i8th Century.

C SOUTH KAST CORNER OF FLUSHING TOWNSHIP.
y^t\\7 reached from Floral Park Station, L. I. R. R.

•'\ lh)H!:int or luirl of Limerick's Plantation, granted to Gov. Dongan in
I .' and imhttliuKT ^oo acres of woodland, Hempstead adding 400 acres 01 wood-
liul ,\\u\ piairii' north of I'Moral Park and Hyde Park. He spent some time
lu u' and j>lauMcd to ctitail it to his nephews, but it was sold after his death
lo pav his dihts. Peter Smith, in 17J0. bought the part containing the house,
whuh lay on tlie east side of the road leading from Moral Park.

,u>. Farm house of about 1750, well preserved, half a mile

n«>rtli ol Jericho Turnpike, the only ancient house site on Don-

j;.iu traoi. Pfohahly Ooniian's house was of a similar type,

>jnries i>f his livinii" in state in his "Manor of Queens Village"

A> ///(• cctitr.iry //o/ w/r/istanding.

ictod
show I

*/ilL'/>n ''/"■/^''•"•/'^"■"" .01./ ;wVrJnrv'\ii"p"ictod "on Slcxva^^^^^ '^Vav v^i v;91> ^^«^^ v>^^

Murray Hill

QUEENS

SI Konte

D. MURRAY HILL.

Reached from Murray Hill Station, L, L R. R.

^V ja The W, Bownc residence (Mitcliell Avenue and Fourth

r Street), formerly a stately mansion in a large grove, approached

, from Broadway by a wide drive shaded with tall elms. But

streets have been cut through and small houses erected near hy,

destroying the original pictnresquencss.

S3* Murray Homestead, of Dutch Colonial style, bnilt about
1775, south side of Broadway, east of Murray Lane, Murray Hill,
and the home of the family connected with the Murray s of Mur-
ray Hill, Manhattan (Exc. V^ Section IV); the present Mr. Joseph
' K, Murray is a great-grandson of the famous Mrs, Murray, who
aided in the saving of Washington*

E, COLLEGE POINT AND WHITESTONE.

E (Reached from College Point Station, L. L R. R., or College Point
trolley, from Thirty- fourth Street Ferry to Thirteenth
I Street and Third Avenue^ College Point; turn

F to the right up Third Avenue.)

34. Lawrence Farmhouse, on the Lawrence Neck Road,
now Third Avepue and Twenty-first Street, College Point, east
of the railroad crossing. It is of the Eighteenth Century; in
fairly good condition.

3S' Wolf Pit Hill Farm, of the Powell family, in Whitestone,,
n the same road* cast of Whitestone Road (probably about 1750).

36. OtP r^ANPiKG AKU Fermv to Westchestcrj reached by a lane, traces of
whkh remain wtst of the railroad, called Ferry Road. KerCp December 15,
JJoBt Governor LoveLaoe landi'd on his arrival after a rough passage from
KnjKland. He reached New York by land two or three days later. June i?,
1726^ Francia Doughty and othera received a patent for the exchisive right of
maint9.ining a ferry froni here to the mamlnnd, altbougb it had probably been
a crossing-place for some time*

37, Post Hamilton, shown roughly on the Stewart Map as on the low b*
just east of the L. 1, R, H. shedTs. It was built -by ihe Hriti&h dtirtng t^
occupation of Long Island and named for Coionel Archibald Hamilton,
Fliifthingi a prominent British coniniitndcr. Hem^ins consisting uf br
masonry, ctc^j were unearthed here in UcctmWt^ ^^'^l.

HISTORICAL GUIDE

ROUTE 53*

SECTION VIII.— JAMAICA,
(See Plates LXI and LXH),

As no complete history of this town hai been written, the chief facts must
bis gleaned from mcTnarinlfi of the several churches^ s^atiere-d records and Ol4
maps^ The first settlcri^, all Enc^lish^ purchased the land frnm the^ Yemacili
Inawns^ (hence the naine) and made the fir^t settlement at the intersection of the
Hemnfitead Road (to New Amsterdam ferry) with the Flushing RoadL The
Dutcrn authorities called the settletnent " Rustdorp '* ^(freiquently spelled *^ Ruir
dorp **)f hut thi^ name was soon abandoned. The Yemacahs probably were to-
cated along the banks of the stream connoting Beaver Pond wiin Jamaiea
(For other historical notes ace Historical Sketch^)

Plate LXI. Route 52.

t« Site of Beaver P&nd (now 51kd)« once occupying the ^Qce between
Beaver^ South and Church StFeets and Rockaway Hoad;,

a. The Pariomrge Lot (cast ani^le Fulton and Beaver Streets, extetiding io-
ward I), reserved from the beginning, and on which was erected a pafsonaire ia
or about ib6/. It was used for other town purposes^ including the

J. Town Burial Ground* occasioning a long contention between
the Presbyteriatis and l\i€ less TVMTCVtTQ\is E^jiscopalians, Lord
Corn bury conilsc^img it for l\\c ws^ ol \\vc \^\\t^. "W^ '^vtx^'^x,
Hnbbard was accordingly elected lu\>f ^, \7Q^ w^ ^"^^ ^^-s,^

Jamaica QUEENS ^^^T 5^ Home

Urqiihart, the newly-appointed Episcopalian mctimbent, although
violently opposed by the townspeople, held it until 17 lO- Then,
through the marriage of a Pie&byterian theological student to
the daughter of Urquhart's widow, it came back to the Presby-
terians and was held by them until 1S13, when sold. See the
Memorial Chapel of the Laidlo^w family in the east end of the
yard.

I
I

/IDDD

^B-teLJ

IDQ(I]I7/]Q

piajonDi

[□■Doaai

mnoEPOQC

I Qi«T$H ff |*l]aMteCHt<VH

ID Pit c ) !"< T G n** m C t>aqjCH

9 fdf HnAL ^Chf^Ok

Plate LXIL Modern Jamaica.
Walk north to Fulton Avenue.

a K.

4. Sitt of tht first Meeting and Sessions Hcfuse, on what seems to have been
ortginally part of the Parsonaee Lot (west corner Fulton and Beaver Streetfll,
built about 1663, ^nd used tor religious s.s waW as town tneetings (N.^ V.
Ecclesiastical Records* p* 1892)? it waa only 26 feet square. Governor Nicoll
having determined to organize Jamaica with adjoining terrilory for judicial and
iffgisJative purposes into " the West Riding of Yorlcshire." proposed lliat the
h&ng Island towns lay special taxes to ereci a larger huilding at Jamaica as a
S^sions and Meeting Hou&e^ This was done in 1667, the new Sessions House
and prison standing next to the old town house, which later was made an
annex to the prison. Still later, the Jamaica Hotel occupied this spot for
many years.

IV a Ik west on Fulton Street,
5. The Dutch Chtirch (corner Church Street), on the site of
the first church (bnilt 1716), an octagonal structure, and of th
second {i%i2), burned in 1857. Previous to 1716 the congregl
tion worshipped with the Presbyterians in their temporary mec
ing house (see 12). Sec notice m front of the church with coat c
arms a^d dale 0/ organ izat ion ^ 1702.
I 31^

Route 52 HISTORICAL GUIDE Jamaica

6. The King Mansion (incorrectly called " Manor," as there
never was a *' manor " in Queens County — it being inconsistent
with the township system, under which this part was settled),
erected about 1750, and in 1805 becoming the country seat of Ru-
fus King, one of the first two New York senators; also of John
A. King (son of Rufus), governor from 1856 to 1858. Though
severely simple, this house formerly presented a very imposing
appearance, owing to its extensive grounds, surrounded by a
thick hedge of large forest trees.

The grounds are now public property, known as King Park,
and the mansion (bought by the town in 1896) is fitted up in part
as a colonial museum under the care of the " King Manor Asso-
ciation." It is free and open to the public on Mondays (for in-
formation address Mrs. E. C. Chickering, Sec. King Manor As-
sociation, Jamaica, N. Y.).

Walk east on Fulton Street.

7. Grace Episcopal Church (east of Church Street), on the site
of the first church of 1734 and the second (1822), burned in 1861.

8. Original site of Union Hall Academy (southwest corner Fulton and Wash-
ington Streets), a famous educational institution (the third academic building
on Long Island, after East Hampton and Flatbush), erected by voluntary con-
tributions about 1792, and succeeded in 1820 by a larger edifice, the later

9. Union Hall Academy (west side Union Hall Street, near L.
I. R. R.), still standing and now used for dwellings. The old hall
continued in use for some time as a female seminary, but was
burned in 1841. The principal was Miss Eliza McHanna, a native
of Ireland, who, in 1832, married the Rev. Wm. Thompson, an
American missionary, whom she accompanied to the Holy Land,
dying soon after in Jerusalem.

10. Site of the Court House of 1709 (apparently occupying part of the site
of the present County Clerk's Office), where in 1^10 the Episcopalians held serv-
ices until 1734. A new Court House was built in 1786 near Mineola.

11. Van Wyck House, southwest corner New York Avenue.

12. Site of the first Presbyterian Church building (middle of Fulton Street,
southwest of the present structure), *' a stone church with a high spire and a
bell," erected in 1699, but seized (July, 1703) by the Episcopal rector, the Rev.
Mr. Bartow, who was backed by Lord Cornbury. The latter forbade the
Presbyterians to use it, but in 1708, after Gov. Lovelace's appointment, the two
sects used it alternately, bv advice of the colonial authorities. In 17 10 the
Episcopalians were excluded, and in 1727 the Presbyterian claims were con-
firmed by the Court, and they used this Duilding until the present church was
built.

13. The Presbyterian Church, erected 1814 (see 12). See tab-
lets within containing names of former pastors.

J^. Colonial Hall (opposite 13) opened in 1843 as a female
scm/n.'iry. under Miss Mary Adrain, remodeled about 1897 ^Y
^'\'-Slicriff Wm. C. Baker, to be used as a pubWc \va\\ ^\\d for club
rooi/js^ ^j2d now used as a boarJing house.

Jamaica QUEENS 52 Route

15. Site of Henry Townsend's House (northwest corner Clinton Avenue,
where in 1657 he sheltered some Quakers who had come to New Amsterdam,
presumably bound for Rhode Island. They had landed at Flushing, which
the>r were compelled to leave, Wm. H'allett's banishment for harboring Baptists
having proved the hostile attitude of the authorities. Finally John Bowne
placed his house at their disposal.

16. Site of the old windmill (see early plan of Jamaica) south of Fulton
and east of Canal Street, a venerable round building, in later, years used as
a carpenter shop. Its wooden ** wings " were blown down in 184 1.

OUTLYING POINTS NORTH OF FULTON STREET.

17. Old House (i8th Century) southwest corner Flushing Av-
enue and Willett Street.

18. Site of Duke's Woods on the hill portion of the King Farm, where could
once be seen the grave of " Duke," a negro slave, the inscribed headstone bat-
tered with the bullets of thoughtless sportsmen.

POINTS SOUTH OF FULTON STREET.

19. Baisley's Mill Pond, near Locust Manor, where the bones
of a mastodon brought here in the glacial drift were discovered
in 1858.

20. Duryca's Mill site, " Three Mile Mill " southwest of 19 near its outlet,
famous in early days.

21. Seat of Citizen Genet, on the Rockaway Road, south of 19 (as shown on
the Stewart Map of 1797) on a farm of 370 acres conveyed to him by his
father-in-law, DeWitt Clinton, October 17, 1795. Although recalled by the
French government at Washington's request, because ^ of his insolence and
arrogance, and insults to the administration, he continued to live here, as
a private citizen for several years, ending his days in the northern part of the
Slate.

22. Ditmars Farm House, corner Rockaway Road and Lincoln
Avenue, claimed to be about. 180 years old. '

23. Greenwood House, Lincoln Avenue near Hawtree Creek
Road.

Turn down Hawtree Creek Road.

24. Old House on Hawtree Creek Road about half a mile be-
low 23.

See on left across Lincoln Avenue

25. Van Sicklen House and ancient barns, on Road to Bergen's
Landing, just southwest of 23.

Continue across Rockaway Road passing stud farm of John C.
Stevens, owner of the yacht ** America."

26. Thomas Bergen House (built 1805) with large gambr
window.

Turn to left on Old South Road,

27. Site of Bergen Homestead of 1700 (near first house on left

28. Jacob Bergen House one-third of a m\V^ lM\\.Vk.^\*

Return via Lincoln Avenue Ko trolley \^t W ood.\\a*ucw..

NOTES

314

NOTES

S^S

NOTES

314

NOTES

31S

NOTES

314

NOTES

s^s

NOTES

316

NOTES

317

NOTES

318

PART FIVE

BOROUGH OF RICHMOND
EXCURSION X.— ROUTES 53-6oa

EXCURSION NO. X.--HISTORIC RICHMOND.

By George W. Nash, M. D.

Compiled from the " Memorial History of Staten Island," by Ira

K. Morris, and from information given by many friends on

the Island. Thanks are due to William T. Davis,

James H. Innes and Edward Hagaman

Hall for valuable suggestions

and criticisms.

^^^^^^^^^r ^^^^^^^

>gr L^— ^-_-— ^ i^t^ij *tjiygr^7Tn ' " ' '"" ^ 1

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*^ MAP OF ■
STATEH ISLAMD 1

R Aftir*pi

BAT.

B0R0U6H OF RICHMONO. I

wf,,*,^ R Ail Rand k. ._,_ Pfc*«d4. H

Plate LXHI. C /T. 1

^^_

^^^^^^^

HISTORIC RICHMOND.

Bibliography.

"Annals of Staten Island," by J. .T. Clute (1877).

*' History of Richmond County, New York," edited by R. M.
Bayles (1887).

" Historical Sketches of Staten Island," by Ramond Tysen.

" History of Staten Island," by I. P. Van Pelt.

** Staten Island Magazine," Vol. I, Nos. 2 and 3, August and Octo-
ber, 1888.

" Proceedings of the Natural Science Association of Staten Island,"
Vols. I-IX, 1883- 1903 and (under the Society's new name), " Pro-
ceedings of the Staten Island Association of Arts and Sciences," Vol.
I, 1906- 1907.

" Staten Island Names," by William T. Davis, containing a valu-
able map by Charles W. Leng and " Supplement to Staten Island
Names," by William T. Davis, both published by the Natural Science
Association, New Brighton, Staten Island, N. Y.

" Memorial History of Staten Island," by Ira K. Morris, 2 Vols.
1898 and 1900.

HISTORICAL GUIDE

HISTORICAL SKETCH OF STATEN ISLAND.

The island contains about 49,280 acres; the greatest length is a little over
i3i miles and the greatest breadth is 200 feet over 7^ miles.

The Indian name was ** Aquehonga Man-ack-nong," meaning the place of the
high, sandy banks; in some old documents it is called " Eghqua-hons," which
has the same meaning.

Morris quotes Schoolcraft as giving the meaning " the place of the bad
woods."

Previous to the coming of the white man, the island was occupied bv the
Raritans, a branch of the Delawares, under tribute to the Mohawks. Traces
of the shell heaps made by the Indians are found in various parts of the
Island.

With the coming of the European, the history of Staten Island is wrapped
up with that of the neighboring territory.

Verrazano discovered the island in 1524. On September 2, 1600, Henry
Hudson anchored in the Lower Bay and first saw the island, which was
named "Staaten Eylandt '* as a memorial to the States General of the Nether-
lands under whose direction he was sailing.

The first settlement was at " Oude Dorp " (old town) early in the period of
the Dutch colonization. Among the first ^ settlers were the Rapaelie family,
who were connected with the first white inhabitants of Long Island.

The Indians sold the island repeatedly; first to Michael Pauw in 1630, the
first patroon, who called his grant " Pavonia.'* The Indian claim was finally
extinguished in 1670 by Gov. Lovelace. In 16^9, David Peterson de Vries,
having obtained a grant from Governor Van Twiller in 1636, introduced some
settlers. In 1641, Cornelis Melyn was made a patroon and the third attempt
to settle the island was made at Oude Dorp. The Indians destroyed this village
in 1641 and again in 1655, after which it was never rebuilt. (But see
Note).

In 1652 the Waldenses founded a village at Stony Brook which lasted until
the midale of the eighteenth century, when it crumbled away. The latter part
of the seventeenth century saw the Huguenots settling at Marshland, ,now
Greenridge. During Kieft s misrule, the island suffered with the adjoining
territory the ravages of the Indians.

The English settled on the island in Stuyvesant's time and finally, in 1664,
it came with other Dutch possessions under the British rule of Governor Nicolls,
his first act being the capture of a block house on Staten Island. The setting
(iff of the island from New Jersey was due partly to the difficulty of collecting
the taxes; the Duke of York, to whom his brother, the King, had previously
jj^iven New York, on this account decided in 1668 that all islands in the harbor
that could be circumnavigated in twenty-four hours should belong to New
York, otherwise to New Jersey. Captain Billopp successfully accomplished the
ftat in the prescribed time and the island was adjudged to New York. A tract
of land was awarded to him and he established the Manor of Bentley, at what
is now Tottenville. New Jersey disputed this decision and the question was
satisfactorily settled only in 1833. In 1673 the island was retaken by the
Dutch, but was finally restored to the Englisn on February 9, 1674. In 1679,
the Labadists visited the island, and it is from them that so much of the
e^vrrvday )ife of the colonists is known. The island was made into Richmond
/j"'"iy '" J^'^j: JtJ J(i88 it was divided into the towns of Northfield, Southfield,
J^Ln'if'^iJ'^i ^"^ C75//cfo/j; J\/iddietown was established in i860. Cucklestowne,

Kjchniond, was made the county scat in 1729.

3^4

THE NEW u;1:a
PUBLIC LIBHARY

ASTOH, LlflNOv AND
TiL©MN FOUNDATIONS

icipal Ferry, at South

.IV).

LAND'S HOOK.

en up to

rooms of the Staten

ilaining, among other

the island; it stood

'id Turnpike on the

I)hia; all that is now

just above Sherman
:ii used formerly as
i^h fort.

::,o north.

7, occupying the site
irholas Street and St.
<tcd out of the old
a private house and
irge building opposite

.:: the Terrace.
I't and Westervelt
! in 1828, as a resi-
:i hotel for wealthy

«ct and parallel to
U'ssian Springs Ice
It near New York,
'••cated here during
'•\^ ciT\. "C^v^ \vfc\s^v^

J'DHl.

rnibitiH p«.
11

n , < * f M )
I ( 1 1 A t I <• ) N M
L

Historical RICHMOND Sketch

As headquarters of the British during the Revolution, the island was under
martial law; many of the inhabitants were lukewarm to the patriot cause.

Cieneral Sir William Howe brought his forces here July 3, 1776; making his
bea<lquarters at New Dorp. His brother. Admiral Lord Howe, commanded the
fleet here. The British erected forts at various places: at times the Americans
attempted to oust the British, and on their part the British made excursions
from the island to the neighboring country. The British troops vacated the
island on November 25, 1783, when many of the American Loyalists moved
to various parts of the British Empire.

By act of Legislature, slavery was abolished on July 4, 1825, when the
fact was much celebrated. (See No. 12.) The island was governed by about
seventy different boards until 1898, when it became the Borough of Rich-
mond of Greater New York. It now feels the same impulses that exist in
the other boroughs.

Note: Mr. James H. Innes thinks that Oude Dorp was not built until
1662-63 by Stuyvesant, on the order of the West India Company to fortify
points on either side of the Narrows. In 1661 he informed the Company
that all the houses in Staten Island had been destroyed during the Indian wars.
Later he wrote that the village had been built about one-half hour's walk from
the Narrows, there being no convenient place nearer the water. It was visited by
the Labadists in 1679 (see their Journal in the L. I. Soc. Memoirs), when
there were seven houses, three only inhabited, the people having removed on
account of the poor soil to " Niewe Dorp.**

He doubts that the Rapaelje family ever settled in Staten Island, or that
Waldenses founded Stony Brook, there being no documentary proof of these
statements extant (see Nos. 62, 66, tj).

RICHMOND

ROUTE S3.

From Matt hat tan fake the Stat en Island Municipal Ferry, at Souii
Ferry, to St. George,

(Figures refer to Plate LXTV).

SECTION I— ST. GEORGE TO HOLLAND'S HOOK.

IV a Ik up Jay Street to Soidhj then up to

I. Richmond Borougli Hall; here are the rooms of the Staten
Islavid Association of Arts and Sciences, containing, among othtr
relics^ the last milestone known to exist on the island: it stood
at the corner of Signs Road and Richmond Turnpike on the
post route between New York and Philadelphia; all that is now
to be made out is ^j

k Miles ^H

N. YorkE. ^^H

2. Fort Hill, at the head of Fort Place, just aboTC Sherman
Avenne; here can be seen a masonry cavern used formerly as
a reservoir, and also the outlines of a British fort.

Walk back to Tompkins Avenue; go ftorth
5. Castle ton Hotel; bnrned November, 1907, occupying the siti
of the old St. Marks Hotel, at the corner of Nicholas Street and St
Marks Place; St, Marks Hotel was constructed out of the old
" Marble House" built by Gilbert Thompson as a private house and
at one time occupied by August Belmont; the large building opposite
is the Curtis High School.

Walk doivn Nicholas Az^enue to and ahng the Terrace.
4. Pavilion Hotel; between Church Street and Westerveli
Avenue, now a tenement house; it was built in 1828, as a resi-
dence for Thomas E, Davis, and later became a hotel for wealth|
Southerners.

15, Hessians Springs; north on Jersey Street and parallel t*
it, off the Terrace; now utilized by the Hessian Springs Ici^
Company, It was once the most noted resort near New York,
and was so called from the Hessian camp located here during
the Revolution; there were two redQ\xbls VtTt ^i-^ ^^ ^x^x'^xv^
^i the fnl/ance to the Kills*

Route 53- Sailors* HISTORICAL GUIDE

Sniig Harbor

Nrarhy, nn !lic nkore, (tilbrrL Thnnipsnn^ ;»on-in-]f)w of tjovernor TompkinB,
built (1 iwhomi^r, lit wlilch he conveyed his family to Mexico; Jaler it was'
Hjkcd itt hi'iri|£ H^iiitu Anna, after the Mejck^ti War, to Stateti Island^ where he
livf'd In fhr iluHciJMi Hou^e; &ce (9^

Not (ar ;rwjiy wfi« the site uf Bdmdtit HfjfL Vfhtrc Isaacs' department store
jiow isi* belw<*en Wcfitcrvclt Avenue and Jermey Street. It was built iu 183*
im a private rewjcjeiite antl was used for many years by Major Duff, a West
Prt inter, us j4 miJitary academy. The major became eolQiiftl of a H^-vf York
rcaiment in the Me^tican War and died in Mexico.

(i» Jtihfi Drake SUhit llvtd where the Murijin office now Htands, between York
an4 Franklin Avcinieii.; the Innise was destroyed by fire and was one of the
olfkit rekideniie» in New Brjghtoti^

7. The Cement House or Ward Houses at tlie corner of
Franklin Avenue, m nearly a century old; it is so called from
bcinjir the first house built of cement blocks. It was the prop-
erty of George A, Ward, who is said to have closely resembled
George Washington.

Continue on the Terrace.

R. The Neville Hotise or Stone Jug^ at ihc corner of Tysen
Street, now a hotel It was built about 1770 and later became
the residence of Captain John Neville, U. S* N.

9. Sailors' Snug Harbor, an institution for old and disabled
seamen* It was planned by Captain Thos. Randall and founded
by his son, Robert Richard Randall, who bequeathed his prop-
ertyi the Minto farm, just south of Union Square, Manhattan,
fur this purpose. Alexander Hamilton and Daniel D. Tompkins
prepared the will, and Gov. DeWitt Clinton aided in securing
the chrirter* Though foimded in iSoi, on account of litigation,
the cornei-slonc of the institution was not laid until f83l and the
first buildings were opened iti 18^13. The annual income from
the rents of the Manhattan property yields about $400^000.
There are accommodations for about 1200 intnates, all of whom
must have served five years under the American flag.

Continue on the Terrace to Datns Ai^cnue,

The Kreuxer-Pclton House at the Cove. It was built by

Rolph in 1722 and later came into the hands of the Kretizers.
It was the headquarters during the Revolution of Gen. Cort-
land Skinner, command,int of Skinner's *VAmerican Loyalists,"
and, for a time, Prince William, who later became King Wil-
linrn IV, was entertained here by General Skinner. Here Crnzer,
'fiff's li^htnhig^ c»ilculaior, was born. It was bought by
^r/ion in iSjg, and his duugUVcr, Mrs, Gu\, Duffie, still

Richmond Terrace

RICHMOND

53 Route

Oi^SeptrrTiber ^, i6otj» Henry Jludboti &erit out * gniall boat from his shiiJp

•.

the fltiif Moan, thrn in the fTarrowSj to c?x)ilure the Kilts; when opposiie
Cdve^ E.t West New Brighton, Ihcy were attacked by the Indiana from the
flhore^ and an Eni^lish ^ilnr named Colemanp who wa? in Ciuiiniand of the
boatp was killed by an arrow; his remains were taken U) S3ndy Hook (some
say Coney Island) and buried, the place beings stUl called ** Coleman*» Point,"

Go up Bard Avenue to Henderson Avenue, at the northwesi corner

of which see

11, The house where George William Curtis lived.
Return to Richmond Terrace.

12. Swan Hotel, a shingle-sided huilding opposite the Post
flfice. It stood originally on the adjoining ground and was the

political center of Staten Island; here, in 1825* the recently freed

slaves of New Jersey, Staten Island and Long Island celebrated

their emancipation.

tj. Fount aim Hf^u^£ site, between Vara and Water Streeta^ now occupied by
store near the Church of the Aseensionn The house, built in i?S<3* was thai
headquarters of the British offiecrs attached to the fort, which stood where ^
the church h located ; it was burned, as a war measure,, by order of General
Sullivan, It was the scene of the first public ball on Staten Island; the
phra#e *^ fiddJer^s change" originated here, as it was customary to lake up a
collection for the musicians alter each dance. It was also the local political
headquarters. When the house was torn down in 1895 a painting by Milburn
the artist, who stopped here In 1840, was discovered.

IVaik io the Square bounded by the Terrace j Dongan, Bodtne and

Cedar Streets.

14, Dougfiti Ho%sf site, owned by the English Governor, Thomas Donga n
(1682-16S8), who in 16S7 "purchased a manor house and some 2 5+000 acre*
of ground ** on Staten Island, which he formed into the " Lordship and Manor .
of Casseltnwne/' The hon^ was his. hunting lodRe, Here he lived until 1691,1
when he fled to England during the Lebler troubles. The e^^tate went to hm I
nephews, one of whotrs, Walteri succeeded to the title ; finally it went out of the I
family into other hands^ among them Judge Ogden Edwards, At the time of 1
its destruction by fire, Christmas, tSjB, it was owned by L 11. Witliamsnn,

Indian remains have been found nearby in the sand bank, and at the fpot
of the embankment was_ a famous spring, a meeting place for Indian harvest
festivals and treaty making.

15. The DeGroot House, of Dntch architecture, at the corner
of Columbia Street. DeGroot is the Dutch for LeGrand, the
name of the original French family.

Side trif> along Columbia Street,

t6. The Seott-Edwards House, at the northwest corner of Co-
umbia and Prospects Streets, was the residetice of Jndge Ed-
wards, the first Supreme Court Justice to reside on Staten Island
under the Republic; he was the grandson of Jonathan Edwards
and a cousin of Aaron Burr,

17, The Tyler House, Clove Road, here a continuation of
Columbia Street and Broadway; it was owned by Mrs, JuHana
Gardiner, mother of President Tyler's wife, later by Mrs, Tyler*
It was bought in 1878 by Hon, W, M. Evarts and later occupied
by the Russian Consul- General. T\ie pa^tU \i^^ \itttvY ^^^iX ^^^ ^"a

cul^tors.

HISTORICAL GUIDE

Port Richmoiil

Con tin He on the Clove Road.

z8. Oldest Corsen House on the island, a few rods north
Richmond Tnmpike. It was bnilt about 1690.

Brit ton Mili^ near Clove Lake, was the .scene; of local romances.
Return on Clove Road to Chi^rry Lane, then south on Manor Road.

19. The Dubois House, on the northwest corner; General
Santa Anna lived here (see 5)*

Co west on Cherry Lane to

20. The Decker House, on Barrett Street, just off Cherry
Lane; the Decker faraOy descended from Johannes de Decker,
who arrived in i6sS-
JValk norih on Decker Avenue and continuing streets to the Terrace

at Port Rkhmond,

21. Banner's Hotel, the old Port Richmond Hotel, also called
the St. James Hotel, near the corner of Richmond Avenue. It
stands on the site of the Revolutionary Fort Decker and was
built soon after the war, as a private residence; it became a
hotel in 1820 and was then the largest hotel in the county. Aaron
Burr was a guest of the Wiiiant family and died here in Sep-
tember, 1836. JSS4-1856 it was the headquarters of the Know*
Nothing or American Party. Its name has been changed many
time^t and the building itself h materially attcred from the
original form.

There was another fort west of thjs locality.

22. Van Pelt Academy, behind the Post Office at Port Rich-
mond oil the Terrace just west of Richmond Avenue, was once
a famous school under the management of Dr. P. I. Van Pelt,
minister of the Reformed Church; it is now a furniture shop,

23* Dutch Reformed Church, a short distance up Richmond
Avenue from the Terrace, opposite Church Street; it is on the
site of the church burned during the Revolution; the Sunday
School is said to be the oldest in the United Slates, See tablet
over the front door.
Go up Richmond A venue ^ nearly opposite Harrison Street; see
24. The Jacques House, now Progress Hall; also called Har-
rison House. It was built by Isaac Jacques, a New York mcr-
t chant and a descendant of the French Count Jacques, ivho came
to this country toward the end of the 17th century. The willows
came from St. Helena, the boxwood from Mt. Vernon and the
/hj7ce from the residcnce^ of Mr, Jacques in Whitehall Street in

Holland's Hook HICHMOND 53 Route

Walk along the Terrace to the Lhueed Oil Mills.

33. The Hottsman House site, southwest comer John Street The ori^nat
Hou^man cam« to America in 1675 or 1676^

26, The Lake-Croak House, between Bay and Slmorison Streets,
The land on which it stands was part of a lot granted by Sir
Edmnnd Andros to John Lee^ December 16, 1680.

27. The Post Hotise^ on the TerracCt in the grounds of the
Miliifccn Iron Worksp was erected in i6gi,

2B. The DeHart House, next the car barn, a short distance
east of Holland Avenne, This house is over 150 years old and
was once a school.

There b an Indian graveyard on Ho1]and*i Hciok, and on the heights i,i
th« approach to the ferry were twd British forts.

Ca south on IVcsUrn Avenue, undtr the R. R. bridge, to Old Place.
0!d Place was at one time called Titni»sen's Neck. Morris say a the name
originated in the fullowinjf manner: Rcligtous servicej^ were held in snch a
dilapidated build J n^ that a new jdace of worship was wlccted. This was no
inconvenient that the early build in a; was rep^aired 2nd worship resumed at Khu
** Old Place/* One section of Old iMace was called " Skunkville."

^ee two or three old housiea on the right, on tht old Daniel Jones place,
ag. Oid PiiXCe MiU, a little east, on WashinKton Avenue; some of the
foundations are still to be seen on the edge of the creek on the right side of the
road.

Go east on tVashington Avenue past the school-house^ and on the
opposite side of the avenue, near South Avenue, see the

30. Van Pclt-Dccker House; the house stands a little back
from Washington Avenue. Tradition says that the American
forces, on one of their raids from New Jersey, found Van Pelt
in bed; he was summarily pulled out of bed and forced to accom-
pany the troops into New Jersey, where he fought with the
patriot army: the next day his wife succeeded in getting cloihes
to him. Later his wife kept a tavern for soldiers of both armies.

Some distance farther east, opposite Harbor Streets stood until 1904 the
Van F^tt Cottage^ over aoo years old^

^^T

HISTORICAL GUIDE

DIAGRAM

SECTIONS- EXCURSKJN^X-

RICHMOND.

Plate LXV, Route 5+ C. K.

RICHMOND

ROUTE 54*

SECTION IL— ST. GEORGE TO NEW SPRINGVILLET

(Figures refer to Plate LXV).

r Take the trolley at St. George for Elizabeth Ferry and change fj|
BuU's Head car at Fort Richmond^ passing

J J, Butler's Hotei Site, near the head of Washinglon Avenue j this was a
favorite ret^ort of the sporting fraternity; during the Revolution it was oc-
cupied by British oflicers as headquarters" burned in 1S92

Get aW the car at Vedder Avenue t walk east to Willow Brook Roi
and then South to Watchogue Road.

32. Pero-Christopher House, at northwest corner j across th^
' road see

33. Mersereau House, where Col. Joshua Mersereaii lived an
from which he had a hairbreadth escape during the Revolution;
the British commander had put a price on his head.

Southeast front JVatchogue Raad and IViUozv Brook Avenue,

34. Site of the Vreeiatid House, recently destroyed.

Walk east on IVatchogue Road to Prohibition Park,

35. The Corsen-Ives Hoyse, at the corner of St, John Stre
Ives was at one time the bicycle champion of the United States!

36. BodtHUf's Inn site, at Castteton Corners: it "wns built by David Jacquca
before the Revolution; was made a hotel later and became tbe borne of the
actor Keene during his last days.

Walk south on the Withtv Brook Road to Willow Brook; among it
•willows back of the ice-house ^ see
37, The Christopher Homestead, where the Committee o
Safety met during the Revolution; it was reached by secret paths
through the swamps; many Americans were captured while tr;
ing to reach it.

Walk back to Richmond Turnpike j then west to Richmond or Old

Stone Road.

3S. Buli*s He^d Tn^vtm site at the corner; it was built in 174 1» and wafj
Tory headquarters and the scene of many outrages; burned 1890.

Contimte south to New Sf^ringinllc.

Long Neck, now known as New SpringvPle, was the fou

oldest settlement on Staten Island,

3$. School Hiii4x0 sit€, where the prcseiiit bul\dm^ «,VaTvAs% '^'^ «i\suvw^ ^^x-^*^j
was buiJt j» rhe in k century : tbe o\d fttt>t\e svaa \iat^ \a X:^^ ^t^ybftx^w x^^Ki^^

333

es.

ues
tbe

th^

Soiite 54

HISTORICAL GUIDE New Springville

Walk south to Rockland Avenue, then east to

40h, C^rsen liotijur ^itir; the Corsen family is one of the oldest on the island;
the earliest mention of the name is m 16&0. There arc some fine famiL>r rcJka
Iq the house, whkh stands nn the old site.

Get in for mat ion here as to route to the ivolf pit,

41, Wolf Pit, reached by a pleasant trip through the woods
to the north, or may be visited from 37» The pit was built many
years ago by Captain Jones, who owned the surrounding woods.
It was covered with brush aad leaves and was baited with a
piece of meat hung from a sapling just above it; the wolf would
leap to this and fall through the brush into the hole*

Co back to the village and^fat the corner of Union Stregij sge

42, The Old Crocheron House; a little farther west is

43, The later Crocheron House, which contains some fine old
furniture. John Crocheron, the founder of the family here, was
a prominent Huguenot; to escape execution in France he hid in
a hogshead on board a vessel by which his neighbors were
coming to America. His will was dated December ij, i6gS'

Walk along Union Street to Richmond Turnpike, tlien toward Trapis-

vitle.

44, The Ridgeway House j a long, low building, south of the
road in the field. At Linoleum ville, then called New Blazing
Star^ was a Revolutionary fort

Return to New Si^ringville, ivalk south on Richmond Road, now

Broadway.

45* SimonsoH House sit^: huiU ahoiit^ 1690 hy William^ the son of Simon La
Blant. who esca|ied from France during ihe Huguenot persecution^ and on
his arrival here was known as. Simonson;, he wa^ th^ ani.^estor of the Simortson
family in this countTy. The old house was of stone pf the Dutch style of
arcbitecturct and, when it was destroyed^ a brick huildii^ toolc its place.

Continue on Broadtuay.

46. The Blake-Millcr House, built about 1668; it is situated
on the left, a short distance from Union Street.

A short tifalk brings one to Katies Neck.

47. The Barne-Tysen House, stands oil the road to the west;
the family came from Holland in 1660 and received a grant of
land from Sir Edmund Andros in 1667*

Walk back to BulPs Head and take the trolley home or fallow the

J^ie^mamd Hill Road to Richmond, where the car may

be taken for SL George.

RIGHMON

ROUTE 55-

SECTION III— ST. GEORGE TO ARROCHAR.
(Figures refer to Plate LXVI.)

Take the trolley or walk aiong the streets near ihe shore through
Tomf^kmsvine and Stapkton.

There was fornierly a larg^ spring near the south end of the R* R» CunncL
where ship^ obtained water; the vicinity was called from thU>, the '^ Wat^rir
Place,"

48, Old Health Officer's Residence, the only remains of the
former Quarantine property, now owned by the American Cotton
Docks Co.p next to the United States Light-House Reservation.
The property made an extensive plant; it was destroyed in 1858
by the summary action of some of the inhabitants. For some

• timCj the people of Staten Island had petitioned for a change
of Quarantine to a less exposed place. Incensed by inaction,
they took their own measures and burned the plant. The land-
ing was the site of an old fort.

^P IValk along Central Avenue to Arietta Street,

49. QuAKAHTTWE Ferby Lakdinc. at the foot ot Arktta Street* i^asamg the
H. K. ^tation^ where was the site pi Nautilus Hall <built iRaS)': this hall w^
a poimlar political rasort, because *' out of tjiie way ": it wasi the scene of re~
ceptjond to Lafayette, Garibaldi, Van Burtti, Tompkins, Scott. Seward and
others.

• At the corner of Griffin and Arietta Streets, see

50, The Dutch Reformed Church sile^ The church was htnlt iSiB» and after
Tnany years uaed a.s a ^hojip it was demoluihed in t9Q7« to make w^f for a
block of aho|j$; Governor Tompldns aided in ita erect 10 rt.

Just (ibotfet on the south side of Sarafi Ann Street, near the Rich*
mond Turnpike^ see
5T. General Van Buren^s Home.

Walk aiong Griffin and Bay Streets.

52. The Planters* Hotel, at the northwest corner of Grant
Street, was a popular resort for wealthy Southern planters.

Go up Clinton and Church Streets: see

53, The Pavilion Hill, known as Mt. Tompkins in the early j
days, where are the remains of two Revolutionary forts; one
may get a fine view from this hill. The forts were rebnilt during -^

[the War of 1813,

KrrroEicAL GtrroE

DIAGRAM

SECTIONS EXCURSXNK

RICHMOND.

PtATt LXVl. RovTE ai.
336

Garibaldi House

RICHMOND

55 Hoate

Continue on Bay Street nearly to Congress. i

54, Commodore Vandcrbilt's later house.

farther a long, at the N. W. corner of Union Street, see

55- Commodore Vanderbilt^s earlier home. Mrs. Vanderbilt,
wife of the Commodore, died here.

Con tut ue on Bay Street

S6. United States Marine Hospital. Originally a State hos-
pital, erected 1834- 1835, it was maintained by a State tax, whidi
was later declared miconstitutional, on seamen entering the
Port of New York, Later the Marine Society of New York
purchased the property and rented it to the United States Gov-
ernment, in 1883, as a Marine Hospital. Finally, in rgo3, it was
purchased by the United States Government. It contains 150
beds.

In the rear is a build mg called the Seaman's Retreat, over 100

years old. This was the original hospital building established by the

Marine Society, A short distance to the wei^t, corner of Bay Street

and Simonson Avenue, ts the site of the ^rst National headquarters

of the ReptibUcan party ^ where General Fremont received the news of

his defeat in 1856.

Walk along Bay Street to Toumsend Avenue. '

S?'„ Townjend Castle nte^ at the west end of the avenue; three hrothers
i^ame about 1661 and founded the family; the house was burned in iSSj to-
£'ether with a ntimber of line historic al pa in tings.

Fallow New York Avenue to Chestnut Street. ^

58, The Garibaldi House, near Bach man's brewery, at the
corner of Tompkins Avenue; it is marked by a tablet placed on
it by the lovers of the Italian General, who lived here for some
time* He lived with Antonio Meucci, the inventor of a tele-
phone system, who died here in i8Hg, The hcmse was presented
to the Italian Government by Frederick Bachman. It is now
protected by a ceiTient supers trncUire,

Walk east on Chestnut Avenue to Bay Street^ then south

59* The AuBtin House at foot of Clifton Avenue, said to have

been erected in 1710 by a Dutch merchant; it is well preserved

in the original style and contains many relics of the RevoUttion.

60. Quarantine at the foot of Cliff Street; a British fort was

located here.

Route 55 HISTORICAL GUIDE Ft Wadaworth

Continue on up Bay Street and New York Avenue to

6i. Forts Wadaworth and Tompkins, established by New York
State during the War of 1812. In 1847 the United States Gov-
ernment bought the reservation, demolished the old forts and
built the present works, which have been constantly improved
and brought up to date. It is said the first Dutch immigrants
stopped here and a block house was erected here by DeVries;
this was several times destroyed by the Indians.

The fort was rebuilt by the English in 1776. The last shot
of the Revolution was fired at this fort by a British gunboat
on Evacuation Day, 1783, because of the open derision expressed
by the onlooking Staten Islanders. It is hoped to mark this
fort by a tablet. Inside the reservation is the Old Fountain
House.

62, AsROCRAS is reached from the fort bv the railroad or one can walk there
by way of Richmond Avenue. Arrochar Park was once known as Oude Dorp
(Old Town) and is the site of the first Dutch settlement on Staten Island,
1 64 1. The village consisted of several log huts and was destroyed three times
by the Indians. (But see Note, p. 325.)

63. The Vreeland Homestead at South Beach was recently destroyed.

Take the trolley hack to St, George.

RICHMOND
ROUTE 56,

SECTION IV.'-ST. GEORGE TO NEW DORP AND
RICHMOND.

(Figures refer to Plate LXVII),
Take the trolley for Neiv Dorp, passing

64* Emerson Hill and site of the house called '*The Snug*
gery." It is in Concord, earlier called Dutch Farms, on the
west side of the road, just beyond the Clove Road, where the
trolley from the North Shore connects with this line. The
present house was built by William Emerson, Judge of Rich-
mond County, 1841-1843, not far from his original house* *'The
Snuggery." Ralph Waldo Emerson spent some time here; Henry
D* Thoreau was a teacher in the family*

65. The Clinch Homestead, near Spring Street, Concord* op-
posite the hotel, was built about 1700, and was the early home
of Mrs. A. T. Stewart.

Further on, at GarretioUf lately ealkd Dongan Hilhj on the east side
of the rgad^ see

^6. The Perritie Homestead^ built about t668. The village
was named for John C, Garrctson^ whose two-century-old man-
sion here has lately disappeared. It was occupied at one time
during the Revolution by Capt, Coghlan of the British Army.
Opposite is Todt or Toad Hill, one of the high points on Staten
Island.

Todt Hilt was also called Iron Hill, this metal havmg been extracted, at
times, from tht hill. The tavjne pcnetratm» the hill was called Valky of the
If on Hill and Merspresn's Valley. It was the scene of the rescue of a youn^
woman from a British oflficer, by her lover Merserean.

New Tityuf, including Elm Tree Light, now embraces also Stony Brook j here
General Moncton rested with his army several weeks after_ the French and
Indian war. during which time Sir Jeffrey Amherst was invested V(?ith the
Order of the Bath* October ^^, 1761.

It contained an important military post during the Civil War*

The trolley car passes on the right
67. The Moravian Cemetery, within which is the Old Mo-
ravian Church and Parsonage (now tised as a Sunday School-
room and the cemetery office); the original plot for this ceme-
tery was botight on Jtine g. 1763, for |i24.o8i, being part of
the estate of Governor Dongan (see No. 14); the Vanderbilt
family have added largely to the church property; Uv^ <^q^\v^x-
stone of the old church was U\d ^v\\^ 7 > ^1^^^ '^"^ ^^ ^^^'^^'^^^ '
arc many graves antedating t\ie c\vute\i. "^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^ "^ i
tisoleum.

HISTORICAL GUIDE

Pl^te LXVIT. Routes 56, S7. 5B. C. K.

Fountain House

RICHMOND

56 Route

68. The Aaron Cortelyou Homestead, opposite the cemetery
gate; also called the Lake or GifFord House. Because of a burg-
lary in this house, a negro suffered the first legal execution in
the county.

77» Stony Brook: the onginat Wald«[i3ia.n s^ttkinent in 1658 (Note, p,
jJS), the sedond oldest settlemeat on Slaten Island, and the County Seat from
i68j to 18^7, Here were Staten tsland^s first Court House and Jail, i68jj
first ChuTcliK \^?ti; first Whipping Post (witcliea were punished hert); first
nitirket or trading place; first nmrringe.

The H tig u en (J is sctlJed here in 1658.

The old Briiton House was here; the site is Just about opposite Ty$en Avenue,
on the west side of the, road; it was built betweeo il^Jo and 1660 and de-
mclished in 1896+ being one of the oldest slrnclurcs on Stolen fsland. It was
used as a court house; the family were driven out during the Revalutton* and
the tolonel of one of the British mounted regiments nad his headqiiartera
here; it wafl also used as a small-pox hospital- In darly days It was the
iscene of an Indian massacre^ where a whole familjr was killed.
I

Continue to Neiu Dorpr see

78. The Black Horse Tavern, at the corner of Amboy Road
and Richmond Road, a resort of British officers during the Revo-
lution.

Opposite, at the head of New Dorp Lane* h the site of the Patten Honsfff
btiilt in 1837 to accommodate the crowds who came to see the New Dorp
races a!oitg the Lane, It was a favorite resort of the VanderbiUs; in its later
days it was used as a Roman Catholic institutiott and finally as a tenement.

79* The Rase and Crown House stood a little to the north of New Dorp
I^ane on the west side of Richmond Road; it was built by early Huguenot
settlers, and was the birthplace of Bishop Bedell \ while the bead^juarters of Sir
Wm. I [owe, here he and his brother, I^rd Howe, first heard the reading of the
Declaration of Independence ^5^ later it was occupied by British officers^ among
them General Knyphausen, h\f Henry CLinton^ Lord Cornwallis and Sir Guy
Carlcton. It was turn down In 18^4.

So. The Fountain House, on the opposite side of Richmond
Road and just above the Black Horse Tavern, recently remodeled;
it is one of the oldest houses remaining on Staten Island. Here
Margaret Moncrieflfe met Captain Coghlan- here, also, Lieut.
Sidney A. Simons, U. S, N., was born. He was drowned off
Cape Hatteras.

Near by is Camp Hill, a British gambling resort and duelling
ground. During^ the occupation of the island by the British,
many officers were court-martialled for gambling and duelling.

HISTORICAL GUIDE

ROUTE 57.

SIDE TRIP A— TO ELM TREE LIGHT.

(Figures refer to Plate LXVII).

Leave trolley at New Dorp Lane, then walk east; cross the R, R.

track, passing on the left

69. The Jacobsen House, built by Christian Jacobsen; during
the Revolution, British soldiers entered the house and fatally
shot him; his will is dated January 10, 1782.

Nearly opposite, see

70. The W. H. Vanderbilt House, now owned by George W.
Vanderbilt. This house was given to W. H. Vanderbilt by his
father, who sent him here to recover his health. His income
from the farm, at one time, was over $12,000 a year.

Near the foot of the lane, see

71. The Cubberly House; the original name of the family is
Coverle; the first of the name came in 1769; see the quaint
kitchen.

At the extreme end of the lane, see

72. Elm Tree Beacon, the landing place of the Huguenots,
1658. There was a chain of British breastworks near the shore; the
old Track House, until lately, stood on the Vanderbilt farm at the
foot of the lane.

On Coles Avenue, see

73. The Lake Tysen House, situated in the field; the Lake
family settled on the island in 1670, coming from England. The
house is kept in its original condition by the descendants of the
builders.

To the south, see

74. The Guyon-Clarke House, at the foot of Guyon Avenue.
It is an early Huguenot house, where was organized a British
Masonic Lodge; see the old clock in the hall, and the land
patent signed by Sir Edmund Andros.

The Club House, near by, was frequented by the most prom-
inent people of the island.

Not far away to the south on the Boulevard, see

75. The Cole House; the family came to America in 1639,
by way of liolland, where the name was changed to "Kool";

In America this became Coo\, \\\ttv Co\^.

Nearly opposite, on the cd^c of iVic warsVv, see
^;r6. The Lockman House Ruins; tv^e.VmVe\ v^^e^oj \^ vV^ J««««^^^
^etbentigton, of Giffords, bears tVve \usct\vUou, ^^>J »*. "J^l^*-

:^42

RICHMOND

ROUTE 58.

RICHMOND.

(Figures refer to Plates LXVII and LXVIIT).

Take trolley to Richmond^ p<^ssing at the bend of ihe fond, just be-
yond New Dorp village^ the duelling ground of the BrsHsh oMcers.

81, The Orote House, later occupied by Dr. Rolton» just be-
yond the corner of Ef^bertville and Rockland Avenues; it is over
100 years old and was originally the home of Colonel Richard
Connon where Aaron Burr made his last call Above the ravine
is the oM Egbertville Academy*

Richmond^ formerly Cuckoldstowne or Cncklestownej became
the County Seat in 1729.

At the end of Ihe trolley line turn to the nor tit

82. St. Andrews Church, one of ihe four churches established
(1708) by Queen Anne- the church has still part nf the silver
service given by her to the church* it was occupied by the British
as a hospital and was the center of two Revolutionary fights.
The original building was built in 1713. See memorial tablet to
commemorate Anne's gift in 1708 (unveiled October 21, 1908)-

C. ^

Route 58 HISTORICAL GUIDE Richmond

On the hill zvhere the school house stands were

83. The Whipping Post, removed 1825, and the Callows, the scene of the
first execution in the county.

84. Later Latourette House, made of brick; see

85. The older Latourette House ruins — a council of war took place here lead-
ing to the battle of Springfield,. N. J. It was the headquarters of Lt.-Col.
Simcoe, commanding the " Queen's Rangers;" The Holmes family, ancestors
of Nancy Hanks and Abraham Lincoln, once lived in this house. The earliest
mention of the Latourette family is in 1726.

86. Old Mill.

Return to the Village on the Mill Road.

87. The Barton House and old Cuckoldstowne Inn site, corner of Rich-
mond Road and Court Street, behind the County Clerk's office; this was the
headquarters of General Cleveland, chief engineer of the British Army; here it
was that Andre wrote his will.

87A. County Clerk's Office.

88. Second County Court House site; building destroyed by the British in
the Revolution (the first was at Stony Brook); the site was occupied for manv
years by the Richmond County Half and since 1890 by St. Andrews Parisn
House.

88A. Third County Court House, occupied by the Board of
Supervisors, October, 1794, for the first time. In 1837 it was a
dwelling and now a hotel.

88B. Fourth County Court House, on Tysen Street, now in
use. It was erected in 1837. See old graveyard near by.

88C. Second County Jail, 1727, where now the street leads to
Richmond Road. The first jail in Stony Brook.

Nearly opposite was

89. Old Dutch Reformed Church, original site; built 1808.

89A. Site Old Dutch Reformed Church (second location, foundation may still
be seen).

There were three Revolutionary forts in Richmond, all on the hill above
St. Andrews Church: one about 300 yards from the church, one still standing
about a third of a mile west, and another on the hill overlooking the meadows,
where the Bedell graveyard is located.

Richmond was the site of the camp of the Seventeenth British Dragoons,
the only regular British cavalry regiment in the Revolution; they acted as
General Clinton's bodyguard.

SECTION V— ST. GEORGE TO GREEN RIDGE AND '

^ GREAT KILLS.

(Eigures refer to Plate LXIX).

Take the trolley at St, George to Richmond; then the Fresh Kills

Road to Greenridgej called in the early days Marshlaftd ond

Fresh KJUs^ passing on the rights just across the bridge ,

90* Benham Mansion tutus ; the housi? was built by Commander T. G, Ben-
bam when he was a Lieutenant in Ibe Mexican War; it was burned down 1897*
It was also the home of xAdmiral A. E. K. Benham*

Pa J J on the right the Cortelyou House, of late Dutch architecture,
to the road leading^ to the right of the mtll, now a cement block
factory; see the picturesque ruins of the millwhecl behind the build'

Pass on the left

91. Bedell House ^U^, built in 1670. and a Jittle farther on the site of the
*' House by ihe Miii" built in 16^5; the latter huur^e was a military sturchoiise
during the Rt^volulipn ; near it was a British fort and a Dragoon camp. Two
battles were fought here. The Bedells came to America ^^7:S\ settling on Long
Island, and on Statcn Island a century later* 1767; see mention of the fanitly
in the county records, where Silas Bedel t rend*? red a bill for doctoring,

ga. The Seaman House site, at the S. K* corner of Fresh Kills Road and
Eltingville Road; this was thc^ home of Benjamin Sis^man,. the last of the
Colonial Judges in Kichttiond County i he went to New Brunswlelc after the
Revolutioa.' The houiie was burned lit tSflO.

93* The Huguenot Chui^ch site, near where the present barn stands on the
Seaman cstaee; it was built between 16S0 and tfi^Si the spot '^ to be marked
with a stone; in the old churchyard were buried the last of Staten island
Indians in 1826^

Return on Fresh Kills Road to Giffords Lane, then south,

94. Small Stone Building on the west side of the lane, a few
feet from F'resh Kills Road; it is said that this is one of the
houses where courts were held years ago.

95. Holy Spring House» on the east side of the lane, at
the corner of Dewey Aventte, in the hollow by a big tree. The
earliest Roman Catholic services on this part of the island were
held here. The house gets its name from a miraculous spring
in the basement.

Continue to Giffords, called Great Kills,

96. Old School House site, near the Post Of^ce and store of J^ W, Iletbcring-
ton, where may he seen relics of the I'niUon family and other relics, G^
dawn Hittjiiie Avenne to the n^tulcvard, where are situated the three ftillowing
Foillon hou&es built about 1694:

97. The Seguine House, a few feet east of Hillside Avenue,

98. The ErastUB Wiman House, a short distance west of
Hillside Avenue. Wiman did a great de^V \0i Ti>N'3^t^^v ^\a\K5t

Plate LXIX. Route s^-

^JLlfi

C, K.

Rossvllle

RICHMOND

59a Route

99. The Woods of Arden House, quite a distance farther
along, near Townsend Avenue. The name was given by Wiman*
The Joumeay House ruins are passed on the way.

There was an Indian burying-ground in Great Kills,

Seguinc^s Point was the scene of an uprising of tlie people
in 1859, on account of the establishment of quarantining hos-
pitals here. The buildings were burned, as were those at Tomp-
kins ville, and the county was forced to pay the State $t 10,000,
which sum included the loss of the buildings at TompkinsviUe,
destroyed in 1S58.

A floating hospital for yellow fever cases was located here in
1S59. In i860 Swinburne Island was made by filling in, and in
1S73 Hoffman Island was made in a similar manner, and so Se-
guine's Point was freed from the terror of contagious diseases.
Return by Townsend Avenue to R, R. Stations at either EHingvilk

or Annadale,

ROUTE sga.
SIDE TRIP TO ROSSVILLE AND WOODROW.

Follow Fresh Kills Road to Rossvllle; prev^ion*^ to (he Revolution

this was called " Smoking Point '* and during the

Revolution, " Bla/ing Star.'^

100. Old Mill, where Richmond Creek empties into Fresh
Kills.

101. Oaktey House jrl^e. ntar the foot d£ RoasviSIe Avettu^^ sometimes called
Bhea's Lane; it was the hirlhi^Jace of lames A. Bradley^ the founder of Ashury
Park; Bishop Asburjr whA entertained Tiere scon sifter his arrivaJ from England,
in 1771+ It was a tavtrn before the KrvoluttQn^

It IS clattned that the old stone house thnt stood nntj]: 1850 on the farm
of Samuel W. Bencdiet, near Rossville* was built by David Petersen de Vriea,
who catne here from Holland in 1656 and established a bqawerie on Staten
island. There was a military redoubt at Koasville on the $ite of the X'ecker

Walk down RossvUle Avenue to IVoodro'W Road, then turn east.

102. The Winant House, used by Tory marauders; a quantity
of silver was found in the cellar several years ago.

Opposite is the Methodist Churchj on the site of the first M.

E* Church on Staten Island, about 1787.

Walk across Huguenot Lane and follow Joumeay Avenue,

i©3. Pfter f'qn PcH House site, known a« the Nolan House, destroyed in
igo4t it ts to{:ated just hack of the present Nolan House. Bishop Aabttty
preached here shortly after hi a arrival m America*

Retur n to Huguenot Lane, then souti* to Hug^ucivot R. B>, ^VoSXowv-

347

HISTORICAL GUID£

^^ ^ y

\ ^^

'A/

DIAGRAM.

ff ^

^a/

SECTION < EJCUBS10M X-

RICHMOND.

Plate LXX. Route 6o.

C. K.

THE ^•L:•■^ ^ ■

PUBi.ic ;; :iY;

ASTOH, :. ^. ■.■ ■; ..N o I
1? JL j

iTCHMOf

ROUTE 60.

SECTION VL— ST. GEORGE TO TOTTENVILLE.

(Figures refer to Plate LXX).

Take the train to TattenviUe, passing through Richmond Valley.

lof. The Otd Tabernacle Ruins, built tSsj as a place for Methodist worship,
at Richmond Vulley, near Railroad Station.
ToTTEwViLUE was furmcrly

eriy knovv-n as the Manor of Bentlej*
105. Unian H&nse site, between the^ two - shipyards on Railroad AvcnuCn at
tbe foot of Tyrrell Street. It was built in^ 17S4 and was originally the John-
sun fiarnibouse^ it was. in the parlor of this house, later used as a barroom,
that Conunodore Vanderbilt married his cousin^ 5qi>hia Johnaon^

Walk along Broadzvay to Church Street^ then over the mill dam.

T06. The DUQJway-Coie site, over too years old at the time of its dc*
^truction; 3omc of the foundation stones can yet be seen at the end of the dam
to the left.

Return to the z^iHage, then follow Broadzvay, Main Street and Amboy

Road to the Lane and Ben f ley Azfenue.

ro7- The Billopp House, built about 1668 by Christopher Bil-
Topp, who, in 1688, aided New York*i* claim to Staten Island by
circumnavigating the island in his own vessel in less than 24
hours; his reward was the grant of 1163 acres on the south shore,
which he named for his vessel ^' Bent ley Manor/* His grandson,
Christopher, was a loyalist and was carried off for ransom by
some American Rangers and kept until exchanged for an Ameri-
can prisoner. He was again taken but was freed by Washington
at Howe's request. After the war he went to live in Nova
Scotia.

In this house took place an interview between Howe and an
American committee, composed of Adams, Franklin and Rut-
ledge, after the battle of Long Island, but no satisfactory agree-
ment was reached. There have been several attempts to get
the State to buy and preserve the house. The old family biiry-
ing-ground has disappeared, but two old gravestones lean against
the veranda. Sir Henry Clinton, Generals Robertson and Kny-
phattsen and Major Andre visited here. Near the house is an old
Indian burying-gronnd. At the present writing, a small fee
is expected on being shown over the house.

Continue to the estreme point of the island.

toS. Fort ruins ; the fort was started by the War Department during the
Spatiiah'^Americati Warj blocks of concrete can t>e seen.

io§j- GufrftsoH Hifusc site; the boat-house keeper on the heach will show the
way ai-ros^s (lie meadHW to Belmom Street; then walk to Manhallan Street to
Arlinfttnn; a bungalow is now on the site, Tbe family H Tlutdi and came here
in ifjftfi, ftfmi HoHanrl, bringing with them a cerlificale of utjud character and
Biiitfi de|ioTtment from the hufgd master of their oative City, There was a
RcYOlutioiiary fort at Krcisherville.

I fee.

HISTORICAL GUIDE

ROUTE 60a.

SIDE TRIP TO PRINCESS BAY.

Get off the R. R, train at Princess Bay Station and walk south on
Princess Bay Road.

no. Purdy's Hotel, on the shore; it is nearly 200 years old,
but well preserved.

A short walk along the shore brings one to

111. The Androvette House. The family took up land in 1699.

112, 113. The sites of British forts.

Return by train to St. George.

350

NOTES

351

NOTES

3S2

PART SIX

SPECIAL ROUTES

i ROUTES FOR CHILDREN.
II. WATER ROUTES.
III. AUTOMOBILE ROUTES.

NOTES

354

PART SIX

SPECIAL ROUTES

f. ROUTES FOR CHILDREN.
IT. WATER ROUTES.
III. AUTOMOBILE ROUTES.

SPECIAL ROUTES

L ROUTES FOR CHILDREN.
for MujemnSf etc., see Appendix D,

MAN B ATT A re.

A. Bowling Green, Fraunces Tavern, Wilktt tablet, Pearl Street,

Wall Street^ Sub Treasury, Trinity Churchyard R. I, 2, 3.

B. Battery Park^ Aquarium ^ Ericsson statue. R. 4*

C. Governor's Island. R. 4,

D. City Hall City Hail Park, Post Office^ St. Paul's Chapel and

Churchyard. R. 5, 6.

E. Washington Square, Exempt Firemen's Rooms in Jefferson Mar-

ket. R la

F. St. Mark's -in -the- Bowery, pear tree tablet. Cooper Union Museum.

R. J I.

G. Chatham Square, Jewish Cemetery, Mulberry Bend and Paradise

Parks, R. 12.
H, American Museum of Natural History (Indian remains found

in Manhattan).
I. Metropolitan Museum of Art (historical prints and objects),
J. The New York Historical Society.
K. McGown's Pass, remains of Fort Clinton p Block House No. i.

R. 2f.

L. Block House No. 3, Grant's Tomb, R, 1%

M, Washington's Headquarters. R. 23.

N* High Bridge, Holy rood Churchy Fort Washington, Fort Wash*
ington Point. R. 23, 24, 25.

O* Inwood and Cold Spring: particularly suitable for an all-day
outing, pure water at the spring. Take Broadway Subway to
Two Hundred and Seventh Street Station, walk west to the
public school* north to the old Dyckman House, and west along
the trail through th& woods* R* 28b,

%Vf

Ramcs for HISTORICAL GUIDE

THE BBOXX.

A. Van Cortlandt Park and Mansion. R. 2g.

B. New York University, Hall of Fame, Historical Museum. R. ja
C Tomb of Drake and walk to Hunt's Point. (Half day or all day

outing,) R. 31.

D, Botanical Garden, Horticultural Hall, in Bronx Park. R. 3Z

E, Indian Well, Hemlock Grove, Lorillard Mansion Museum in

Bronx Park. R. 32.

F. Zoological Gardens, Rocking Stone, Bronx River in Bronx

Park. R. 32.

For Routes D, E, take Lenox Avenue Subway to One Hun-
dred and Forty-ninth Street, transfer to the Suburban Ele-
vated R. R. to Bronx Park.

For Route F, take West Farms Subway to One Hundred and
Eighty- second Street.

G. Glover's Rock, Macedonia Hotel, City Island. R. 34.

BROOKLYN.

A. Biishwick Dutch Reformed Church and Churchyard; Cooper

Park. R. 3Sc.
H. Williamsburg Plaza and Bridge. R. 35a.
C. Borough Hall, Beecher Statue, Long Island Historical Society.

R. 36.
1). Martyrs* Tomb, Fort Green Park; Navy Yard. R. 37.
I{. Prospect Park (best seen from the electric omnibus, 25 cents).

R. 38.
I'. Children's Museum (Brooklyn Institute), Bedford Park. Par*

ticularly valuable. R. 38.
(r. 1^'ort Ilamillon,

Routes for SPECIAL ROUTES Children

QUEENS.

A. Cross Queensboro Bridge, car to Steinway, walk along the Old

Bowery Road to North Beach. Return by trolley or College
Point Ferry to Ninety-ninth Street, Manhattan. R. 44.

B. Astoria Ferry from East Ninety-second Street, old houses in

Astoria, walk along the Shore Road to Steinway, return by
trolley to Astoria or by Queensboro Bridge. R. 45.

C. Elmhurst, the old village of Newtown. R. 49.

D. Quaker Meeting House, Bowne House (admission 25 cents) and

other old houses of Flushing. R. 51.

E. King Mansion, Jamaica. R. 52.

RICHMOND.

A. Municipal Ferry to St. George to see the Upper Bay, islands,

light houses, ♦old forts and Statue of Liberty.

B. Borough Hall and Rooms of the Staten Island Association of

Arts and Sciences. R. 53.

C. Sailors' Snug Harbor and old houses near by. R. 53.

D. Forts Wadsworth and Tompkins. R. 55.

E. Billopp House, Tottenville. R. 60.

F. Old houses in New Dorp. R. 56.

G. Old houses in Richmond. R. 58.

HISTORICAL GUIDE

11. WATER ROUTES

Many interesting trips may be taken by ferries and excursion steam-
ers. A few only are suggested, the chief historic points to be seen en
route being outlined. For definite information as to rates and hours
of sailing, consult the daily papers.

I. STATEN ISLAND AND THE HARBOR.

A. Governor's Island. See R. 4.

B. Liberty Island. See R. 4.

C. Municipal Ferry to St. George, Staten Island. Boats leave the

Battery at intervals of twenty to thirty minutes. Views of
lower Manhattan; Governor's, Ellis and Liberty Islands;
South Brooklyn; Jersey City and Bayonne.

D. Central R. R. of N. J. Boat for Atlantic ^Highlands, leaving

Cedar Street, or West Forty-second Street; nine boats daily,
May-October. Same as (C) to Staten Island, then Quaran-
tine, the Narrows, Forts Tompkins and Wadsworth (R. 55),
Forts Lafayette and Hamilton (R. 42), Elm Tree Beacon (R.
57:72) and Lower Bay.
Points named above may be seen from the boats of the Mer-
chant's Steamboat Company to Atlantic Highlands (pier foot
of Franklin Street) ; the Midland Beach Steamboat " William
Stone" (five trips from the Battery, Saturday, Sunday and
holidays) and the Iron Steamboat Company's boats to Coney
Island and Kockatvay.

E. X. y. and N. I. Steamboat Company boat to lUicabcth, Totten-

I'ille, Perth Amboy and Key port (from Cocntics Slip). Daily,
except Sundays and holidays at 2:30; points on the north and
west shores of Staten Island. (R. 53 and 60). Return by
train from Tottcnvillc.

F. P. R. R. Annex Ferry to lersey City; from Fulton Street, Brook-

lyn; boats every ten minutes. Lower Manhattan and islands
of Upper Bay. (R. 4).

360

Vater SPECIAL ROUTES Routes

II. HUDSON RIVER.

J. Palace Iron Day Line Steamers to Yonkers; from foot of Des-
brosses Street, West Forty-second Street and West One Hun-
dred and Twenty-ninth Street. (Connection from Fulton Street,
Brooklyn by special ferry). Daily, except Sunday, 9 a. m.,
May-October. Dewitt Clinton Park (R. 18 :C); Soldiers* and
Sailors* Monument (R. 18:5); Columbia Library, Grant's Tomb
and Claremont (R. 19:3, 7, 9); Fort Lee (R. 19: Side Trip);
Fort Washington Point (R. 25); Fort Tryon (R. 26); north
end of Manhattan (R. 28b); Spuyten Duyvil, Riverdale and
Font Hill (R. 29: a.).

Leave Boat at Yonkers to see Manor Hall; take Riverdale Ave-
nue car south to Valentine Lane for points in R. 29.

Points med in (G) may be seen from the Ben Franklin Trans-
portation Company's boat to Yonkers; leaves Franklin Street
3 p. m., daily except Sunday.

1. Riverside and Fort Lee Ferry to Edgewater, N. J., from West
One Hundred and Thirtieth Street every half hour. Points
named in Side Trip to Fort Lee, R. 19.

III. EAST RIVER AND SOUND.

Harlem and Morrisania Transportation Line to Harlem, Mor-
risania, Long Island City, Astoria, Ward's and Randall's Isl-
ands, from Pier 30, East River, foot of Roosevelt Street. East
River islands and shores (R. 20 and 45).

Ferry to College Point from East Ninety-ninth Street; boats leave
Manhattan hourly in summer and at 9, 11, i and 3 in winter.
(R. ZZ. 45, 44 and 51 E).

l. U. S. Government Boat to Forts Schuyler and Totten, Willefs
Point, Fort Slocum and David's Island, from Pier 12, East
River, foot of Wall Street, Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday 9 a.
m. A party of not more than fifteen adults may secure a pass
in advance from the Commandant, Fort Schuyler. (R. 33).
Many of the points in (I), (J) and (K) may be seen from
the Sound steamers.

361

Water HISTORICAL GUIDE Roota

IV. AROUND MANHATTAN.

L. Sight Seeing Yachts make the tour of Manhattan twice daily, a
lecturer on board explaining the points of interest. The chief
historic buildings and localities seen en route are described in
the Guide Book as follows:

North River: Gansevoort Market, site of First State Prison and
old houses (R. 8: i, 7, 8); Aquarium, Battery Park and isl-
ands (R. 4) ; Custom House and Bowling Green (R. 1 14, 5).

East River: Jeannette Park (R. 3:33, 34), Navy Yard and
Martyrs* Tomb (R. 37: 9, 10); Corlaer's Hook Park (R. 13:
28) ; Kip's Bay, Shot Tower, Smith and Schermerhom Houses,
East River Islands and Hell Gate (R. 20); Hallett's Point
and Astoria (R. 45) ; Horn's Hook, East River Park and
Gracie House (R. 20) ; sites of Bronck and Gouverneur Mor-
ris Houses (R. 31:49, 50).

Harlem River: Macomb's Dam (Central) Bridge (R. 30:25);
Washington's Headquarters, High Bridge . and Fort George
(R. 23: 47, 50, 53); Hall of Fame, New York University (R
30:30); Inwood and Marble Hill (R. 27 and 28).

The Ship Canal : Spuyten Duyvil (29 a) ; Cold Spring and the
north end of Manhattan (R. 28b: 93-95)-

Hudson River: Fort Tryon (R. 26) ; Fort Washington and Fort
Washington Point (R. 24 and 25) ; Fort Lee, N. J. (R. 19
Side Trip) ;' Claremont, Grant's Tomb, Columbia University
(R. 19: 3, 7, 9); Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument (R. 18:5);
DeWitt Clinton Park (R. 18 :C).

.^62

SPECIAL ROUTES

IIL CARRIAGE AND AUTOMOBILE ROUTES,

MAJ^HATTAFT.

Fifth A venae Electric Bus: Washington Square to East Nine*
tieth Street. Washington Square (R. lo) : old First Presbyter-
. ian Church and Lenox Houses (R, 14: 10); Madisou Square,
site of Fifth Avenue Hotel, Worth Monument, Farragut Monu-
ment (R. 15:24-28); Marhle Collegiate Church and the Church
of the Tra us figuration (R. 15: 40, 41); Brick Presbyterian
Church, New York Public Library, Collegiate Chttrch of St*
Nicholas, St. Patrick's Cathedral, Sherman Statue (R* 17: 2,
3, 5, 8); Hunt Monument and Lenox Library; MeiropoUtan
Museum of Art.

J. Fifth Avenue Electric Bus, W^cst Side line. Same as A to
H Fifty-seventh Street. At the Circle pass Cohmibus Coluiun, R.
■ 17:9.

', Upiottm Route: Sight Seeing Automobile.

These automobiles usually go up Fifth Avenue, across northern

* Central Park and along Riverside Drive, covering most of the

points in (A) and (B) and, in addition, the following points

In Central Park: McGown's Pass, Fort Clinton, Block House

No. T (R. 21; 21-25).

), Downtown Rouie: Sight Seeing Automobile.

I These cars usually go south on Fifth Avenue to Waverly Place
and thence down Broadway to the Battery, return via Broad
and Wall Streets and the East Side. Madison Square (R. 15) ;
old First Presbyterian Church and Lenox Houses (R. 14:10);
Washington Square (R, lo) ; Hotel Raleigh and site of Niblo*s
Garden (R, 13:56); City Hall Park with adjacent public
buildings, Statue of Nathan Hale and Post Office (R. 5)1 As-
tor House and St. Paul's Chapel (R. 6:18, 19) ; Trinity Church
and Ctiurchyard (R* 2:19); Revolutionary cannon, historical
tablets, the Stevens Mouse, Bowling Green and Custom House
{R, I, reversed) ; Battery Park and Aqttarium ( R. 4) ; Frannces
Tavern (Excursion VI); Willett tablet and Stock ExcharLg,e
(R. 3:41, 42); Wall Street (R. 2),

Automobile HISTORICAL GUIDE Rootei

E. Upper Manhattan,
Broadway to One Hundred and Thirty-eighth Street and east to

Convent Avenue, north to One Hundred and Forty-third Street,
passing the College of the City of New York and Hamilton
Grange (R. 23:41). West on One Hundred and Forty-third to
Broadway, then north, passing tablets at One Hundred and
Forty-seventh, One Hundred and Fifty-third and One Hun-
dred and Fifty-ninth Streets, Trinity Cemetery, buildings of
the Hispanic Society of America and the American Numis-
matic Society (R. 23:43 a, b, c; 45; 46). East on One Hun-
dred and Sixty-second Street to Edgecomb Avenue to Wash-
ington's Headquarters (R. 23:47); west on One Hundred and
Sixty-second Street to Amsterdam Avenue and north to High
Bridge (R. 23:50); west on One Hundred and Eighty-first
Street to Fort Washington Avenue, passing Holyrood Church
on the left (R. 24: 58, 59) ; north on Fort Washington Avenue,
passing Fort Washington Monument and the Bennett House
on the left and Death Gap on the right (R. 24: 60, 61, 62);
Libby Castle on the right, site of Fort Tryon and tablet on the
left and the Abbey on the right (R. 26: 68, 69, 70); descend
the hill beyond the Abbey to Broadway and go north, passing,
on the left, just beyond the public school, the old Dyckman
House (27 :98) ; the 12th Milestone and the Marble Arch
(R. 28: 78, 79); on the right, the colonial burying ground
(28:80); cross the U. S. Ship Canal (R. 27:77). see, on the
right, the Farmers* Bridge (R. 27:76); cross the Broadway
Bridge, noting, to the left, old King's Bridge (R. 27:73).

THE BRONX.

F. (Continuation of E). From Broadway Bridge, go north on Broad-

way, passing the Macomb House (R. 29:2) ; Van Cortlandt Park
and Mansion (R. 29: 3-11) ; on Newton Avenue, just west of
and paralleling Broadway, are the 15th Milestone, Van Cort-
landt Miller's House and the Hadley and Samler Houses (R.
29: 13-15); continue to Valentine Lane, jnst beyond the City
Line, go west to Hawthorn Avenue, passing Washington's
chestnut and ihe Lawrence House (R. 20: 18, to); south on
Hawthorn Avenue to the Leake and Walts Orphan Asylum;

see the statue of John Watts and^ from a point williin the
grounds, near the river, Font Ilill (R. 59:19); return by the
same route to Broadway.

Circular Trip through the Bronx,

Fifth, Lenox or Seventh Avenue to One Hundred and Twenty-
Fifth Street, east to First Avenue and across Willis Avenue
Bridge at the north end of which turn back one block to the
Southern Boulevard; go east to Hunter's Point Road and fol-
low Route 31. Return to Southern Boulevard, continue to
Fox Corners {R, 31 : S9> 60) ; from here follow Westchester
Avenue to the village of W^estchester, see St. Peters Church
(R. S3 a :98) ; cross Westchester Creek Causeway, site of the
Batile of Westchester (R. 33 a: 96), Go down Throgg's Neck
(Fort Schuyler) Road to Fort Schuyler, following Route 33;
from the Spy Oak (R. 33a :94) continue to and cross Pel-
ham Bridge, then go down City Island Road to visit points
on Route 34. At the end of Route 34 cross the liutchinson
River Bridge and turn to the right into EastcliesLer to see the
Groshon and Vincent-Halsey Houses and St. Pauls Church (R,
34a: 130-132); follow Nelson Avenue (East Two Hundred
and Thirty-third Street) to the west, passing the Seton Man-
sion, the cave and falls near by in the woods (R. 34a:ia8J.
Cross Rattlesnake Brook to the White Plains Road which fol-
low to the City Line, passing the Havens, Hustaee and Pen-
field Houses (R. 30 h: 40-43) ; return to Two Hundred and
Thirty-third Street and go west past Wood lawn Cemetery to
Napier AveruKv which follow north to IVo Hundred and
Thirty- seventh Street to see the Stock bridge Indian tablet (R*
2g;i2), follow Mt. Vernon Avenue (Old Mile Square Road) to
Two Hundred and Thirty-third Street, go to the right into Van
Cortlandt Park. Keep south past the Golf Links, turn to the
right under the railroad bridge and again to the right to the
Van Cortlandt Mansion {E^ 29: 3-10); go back under the
railroad and turn to the left to Gun Hill Koad which follow
to Mosholu Parkway, crossing Jerome Avenue ; see the new
reservoir on the tight. Continue on the Parkway to Bronx
Park to visit points on Route 32:72-81. From the Botanical
Museum go east to the drink hvg fountain, turn left, passing
Hemlock Grove* to the right and across Bronx River, from

Automobile HISTORICAL GUIDE Routes

the second fountain turn right to the Lorillard Mansion, then
south to cross road and to the right for the SnuflF Mill and
Old Fashioned Flower Garden. Return to the main road and
go south on Pelham Avenue where turn to the right, passing
the entrance to the Zoological Park. Continue west on Pel-
ham Avenue, passing on the left the Howell and Stenton
Houses (R. 32:66, 67); at Fordham Square sec Nolan's Hotel
(R. 32:68); and, near by, St Johns College (R. 32:71); fol-
low Fordham Road up hill to Kingsbridge Road, turn to right
at One Hundred and Ninety-second Street to see Foe Cottage
and Park (R. 32:69); follow Kingsbridge Road to the left,
passing Fordham Manor Reformed Church (R. 30a 132) . Fol-
low Aqueduct Avenue south, crossing Featherbed Lane; at
east end of Washington Bridge turn south on Boscobel Ave-
nue and continue to and then down Jerome Avenue, pass-
ing en route the Devoe Cottage and the Cromwell House (R
30: 29, ^). Cross Central Bridge into Manhattan.

BROOiCLYN

H. Prospect Park, Flatbush and Flatlands.

Follow Routes 38, 39, 40 and return from the Magaw Homestead
via Ocean Avenue.

I. Fort Hamilton, New Utrecht and Prospect Park,

Shore Road through Bay Ridge to Fort Hamilton, then follow
Routes 42, 43 and 43a; return via Twenty-second Avenue and
Ocean Parkway to Prospect Park and reverse Route 38.

QUEENS.

f. Long Island City, Woodside and Corona.

Queensboro Bridge or Thirty-fourth Street Ferry to Long Island
City; follow Borden Avenue to Jackson Avenue, see Jackson,
Riker, Purdy and Lent Farmhouses (R. 47) ; turn at Thomp-
son Avenue into Elmhurst (R. 49).

K. Astoria to North Beach.

Astoria Ferry and follow R. 45 to the Lawrence burial ground
iZ2>) ; continue on Winthrop Avenue or the Old Bowery Road
to the Moore House (R. 44:8) and follow Route 44 to North
Beach.

366

Automobile SPECIAL ROUTES Routes

.. Flushing and Jamaica.

Astoria Ferry, Fulton Street, Eastern Boulevard, Franklin Street,
Flushing Avenue to Flushing; then follow Route 51 A; from
Flushing take Main or Jamaica Avenue to Jamaica, then fol-
low Route 52. .

RICHMOND.

The routes in Richmond (53-60) are best covered by carriage, al-
though many roads are suitable for automobiles.

368

APPENDICE

A. The Milestones and the Old Post Road.

B. Historical Monuments, Statues and Tablets.

C. Notable Historic Buildings.

D. Museums, Libraries and Collections.

E. Historic Trees, Rocks and other Objects.

369

HISTORICAL GUIDE

POST ROADS AND MILESTONES,

By George W. Nash^ M, D,

The associatiotis o£ highways and inilestones is so intimate that
a few words may be said of milestones in general. These stones,
which now call forth a merely sentimental interest, were considered
by our forefathers a necessity. In 1768 the State of New York
passed the following : " As milestones are a great public convenience,
removing or damaging any milestone is pnnishable by a fine of three
pounds for such damagCj part to go to the mfoxmant, part to be ap-
plied to the repair of the damage, and a third part to be paid to the
overseers of the town in wdiich the offence shall be committed/' If
unable to pay a fine, the party was to suffer thirty days* imprison-
ment. This law stiil remains in effect except that a term of im-
prisonment of two years may be imposed.

No less person than Benjamin Franklin selected the positions for
many milestones along the highways, when as Postmaster General,
in a specially contrived wagon, he measnred off the miles at which
the stones should he erected Some of these so-calkd Franklin
Milestones are still standing, one of them being on the Mil ford
Road in Stratford, Conn.

The first two or three milestones in Manhattan are of white stone,
then a brown stone is nsed the rest of the way up the river until Red
Hook is reached, when again a white stone is used. While mostly
Arabic nujmerals are used in milestone inscriplions, occasionally we
find the Roman numbers, as on the XXIV milestone at Scar sd ale,
N. Y.

In early days the people of New Amsterdam felt the need of com-
munication with the outer w^orld, especially wuth their neighbors and
kinspeople at Fort Orange. In the winter when the rive! was frozen
over, it was a comparatively easy matter to arrange this communica-
tion, although the post carrier^s task w^as anything but a pleasant one
as he skirted the shores of the wilderness and rounded the points
through the gorges against the cold north wind, while skating his
lonely way to Albany* with Indians often lurking aloix^ \-W ^vsvws.
Sopaethinig more pcrmmn:ttt wa^ needed, av\4 Va itfoq, "Ccsr. K^tc^^^

Milestones HISTORICAL GUIDE and Port Botdi "

Post Road was established. This was so successful that three years
later a road was opened from New York to Boston, iQr order d
Governor Lovelace. On January i, 1673, a mounted post was in-
stituted, among the multifarious duties being the cartying of the
mails; it was not until 1772 that a stage coach appeared carryios
passengers at the rate of four pence a mile.

At that time the City Hall was on Wall Street, at the comer of
Nassau, where now stands the Sub-Treasury. Broadway up to St
Paul's was opened mainly to reach the Post Road where Pkik Row
nr)w l)ef;ins, any further development of the street h&ng midreamcd
of, even to accommodate the outlying farms along the Hudsoo. From
the site of the Post Office the Post Road ran through Paik Row, up
the Howery and T'ourth Avenue to Madison Square (Excursion V,
.Sect ii Ml 11) whence it turned and twisted northward over toward the
lOist kiver, then doubled on itself. About Eighty-sixth Street it en-
ttTcd the iHnuidaries'of the present Central Park, went through Mc-
(iriwn's Pass; thence continued more or less steadily to the northwest
until it struck the lines of Broadway and Kingsbridge Road, when it
wt-nt soberly along to the toll bridge over Spuyten Duyvil Creek
(I'.xnirsion IV, 2). After getting well over the bridge, the road
soon se|)arated into the Albany Post Road, following Broadway
throuKh Yonkers and up the river; and the Boston Post Road, going
up the hill to the right across to Williamsbridge, thence across
country through Kastchester to New Rochelle, and heyond
to Br)ston. So long ago as the English occupation, the people
of New York, feeling crowded, overflowed into Harlem, whence
the Dutch farmers casting their eyes across the Kills, saw a
country *' fair to look upon." Means of getting across were
soon considered and a ferry established connecting with the road to
Ilarkiu which branched off from the Post Road at Central Park.
(ICxriirsion IV, Section i). This ferry was at about Third Avenue
and One Ilnndred and Thirty-first Street and a bridge was huilt in
1795. As the lower Bronx section across the Kills grew, old trails
were developed, the early Westchester Path becoming a Post Road,
f(jllowing the line of Third Avenue and Boston Road to Bronx Park
and then northeast, until it joined the early road some distance above,
thus making quite a cut-off from New York to this junction, saving the
long detour around Kingsbridge. Lonely as the road was, it was
not without interesting features. Hardly had the traveler left the
■ng point when he arrived at the first Kissing Bridge, near Chat-
ware; t}2cn came the milestones telling slowly, but steadily, the

372

■«: -.t.'

pi -, . i,

Milestones POST ROADS and Post Boads

progress made, and, as taverns and road houses were always con-
venient, there was ever a place for rest and refreshment. Among-
the old road houses may be mentioned the Buirs Head Tavern, near
the first milestone, where the friends of the traveler who had ac-
companied him thus far, drank to his health and safety on his jour-
ney to the wilderness beyond.

At the second milestone^ where Cooper Union now stands, was the
Bowery Village Church, Cato's Road House at Fifty-second Street
was a noted hostelry; at Seventy-second Street w^as another Kissing
Bridge.

That part of the road near McGown*s Pass has a special interest
from its connection with the march of the British before the Battle ol
Harlem Heights and the presence of Forts Clinton and Fish. At the
bridge across Spuytcn Duyvil Creek, also a Kissing Bridg:e, there
w^as a celebrated tavern well described by Madame Knight where
sleighing parties came out from town for their frolics. Thence the
traveler on either of the diverging Post Roads had more time for
the enjoyment of the scenery, ai> the evidences of civilization faded
away and the witdemess opened before hsm broken only occasionally
by village or hamlet

According to the old maps there was, starting from the City Hall in
Wall Street, a stone for every mile in what is now Manhattan and
the Bronx, With the erection of the present City Hall (1803-12)
these milestones were replaced to bring them in conformity with the
new starting point. This accounts for the apparent discrepancies in
their names. Some of the milestones have disappeared^ while others
have had a varied experience. Some of the stones have been used
by bUi posters ; one was rescued from a police station and now
Stands in good surroundings not at all embarrassed by the falsehood
showing on its face; another was removed from a tottering position
in a neglected section of the road and now occupies a place safe
from destruction ; one stone that stood in the way of pyblic improve-
ment was apparently improved off the earth; another reposes in a
back yard uptown, while stiU another has its resting place in a cellar.

Milestones in Manhaiian,

1. Bowery, opposite Rivington Street.

2. Third Avenue, between Sixteenth and Seventeenth Streets.
4» Third Avenue and Fifty-seventh Street.
5, Third Avenue and Seventy-seventh Street.
7, Third Aveimc and One Hundred and S«ivcv\l^tsCCtv '^Vt^^-

373

Milestones HISTORICAL GUIDE and Pdat

7. Another stone, now stored at 107 West One Hnndred snd
Twenty-second Street (The duplicate 7 ^lUestone was prob-
ably on the eastern Post Road after it branched off the old
Post Road near Central Park).

g. One Hundred and Fifty-second Street, between Amsterdam and

St. Nicholas Avenues,
la 561 West One Hundred and Sixty-ninth Street

11. Broadway and One Hundred and Eighty-first Street.

12. Kingsbridge Road and Two Hundred and Ninth Street, Inwood
15. Albany Avenue, near Spuyten Duyvil Parkway, Kinssbridgle

(near Van Cortlandt Mansion).

Milestones in the Bronx.
la One Hundred and Sixty-eighth Street and Boston Road.

13. Boston Road, near Pelham Parkway (this stone has lately dis-

appeared and may be in the vicinity).
15. Boston Road, near Eastchester.

Milestones in Brooklyn,

At Sheepshead Bay, corner of Neck Road and Ryder's Lane. In-
scription reads: ''8 Miles and ( ) quarters to Brockland
Ferry."

At Van Pelt Manor, New Utrecht; has two inscriptions: (me reads:
" 8i Mile to N. York Ferry This Road To Dcnys's Ferry 2}
Mile." The other reads, " loj Mile to N. York Ferry This
Road. To Jamaica 15 Mile."

Milestones in Queens. (All between Long Island City and Flushing).

At Jackson Avenue, near Grinnell Avenue: "5 Miles to 34th Street

Ferry, i Mile to Flushing Bridge."
At Jackson, near Buckley Avenue: "3 Miles to 34th Street Ferry,

3 Miles to Flushing Bridge."
At Jackson, near Hulst Avenue: "2 Miles to 34th Street Ferry, 4

Miles to Flushing Bridge."

Milestone in Richmond,

Formerly at comer of Signs Road and Richmond Turnpike, now in
Borough Hall, St. George, in the rooms of the Staten Island
Association of Arts and Sciences. Inscription reads: " ( )
jnjJes to N. Yorke."

374

MILESTONES.

MILESTONES IN BLOOMINGDALE.
By Hopper Striker Mott.

Little attention, if any, has been given to the two lines of mile-^
stones along the Bloomingdale Road. The first stone was about op-
posite the present Twenty- fourth Street, at the junction of tlie Post
Road, This advertisement from the Colutnbian of June 6, 1S15, has
been found:

** A stray steer was found on the premises of the subscriber on the
5th of August last. The owner may have the said steer by proving
property and paying all reasonable charges.

*' Isaac Varian Jun.
** Bloomingdale — 3 mile stone.*'

This also fixes the Bloomingdale name as extending as far south
as Twenty-third Street

The fourth stone must have been at about Forty- fourth Street and
we have this advertisement from the Mercantile Advertiser of
December 10, 1814, confirming the location there:

" To let for one or more years, the farm at Bloomingdale, near the
four mile stone, known by the name of Eden's Farm, consisting of
about 22 acres of land, on which are two dwelling houses and 2 farms
and to which may be added 2 pieces of pastvire land of about 10
acres each. Apply to

" John Jacob Astor^ cor. Pine and Pearl Streets/

This farm was owned by Medcef Eden, an EnglishmaUt and ex-
tended as far south as Forty-first Street It was acquired by Astor
under foreclosure in 1803 for $25,000. So much for the distances
from Wall Street.

The evidences for saying that there was a second series marking
the distance from the City Hall h as folloivs: We have pirsonalj
seen a stone which stood on the Road at Fifty- fourth Street, dur
our boyhood, which was marked ** Four miles from N, Y."

In John Austin Stevens* notes to the History of the Chamber
Commerce^ p. 3Mj he says: ** The five mile stone stands near
corner of Seventy- fourth Street and the B\ooimm%4'A^ ^QiaA, ^

--^7^

Milestones HISTORICAL GUIDE in Bloomingdale

grounds lately owned by Pelatiah Perit (20tli President of the
Chamber) and the 6 mile stone near Ninety-sixth Street, in front of
the property of Dr. Williams."

The Evening Post announced that John Moir opened the Bloom-
ingdale Academy in 1815, located 5 miles from the city, on the Bloom-
ingdale Road. This was at Seventy-fourth Street

Samuel Beman, A. M., opened a boarding school for small boys in
1838 at the six mile stone, situated "on Dr. Valentine Mott's beauti-
ful mansion grounds." The house stood at Ninety-fourth Street

The 7 mile stone was at One Hundred and Sixteenth Street and
the 8 at One Hundred and Thirty-sixth Street, a half mile south of
the junction of the Bloomingdale and Kingsbridge Roads at One
Hundred and Forty-seventh Street

APPENDIX B.

HISTORICAL MONUMENTS, STATUES AND TABLETS.

Monuments and Statues in Manhattan.

N. B. Those in cemeteries and churchyards and within buildings
are, as a rule, omitted.

Columbus Column, at the Circle, Fifty-ninth Street and Eighth
Avenue; bas reliefs by Gaetano Russo; presented by Italian citizens
of the city. R. 17.

Firemen's Monument, Hudson P^rk, to some Volunteer Firemen;
erected by members of Eagle Fire Engine Company, No. 13. R. 8.

Grant's Tomb, Riverside Drive, near One Hundred and Twenty-
second Street; erected by popular subscription, under the care of the
Grant Monument Association. R. 19.

Martyrs' Monument, Trinity Churchyard; erected by the Trinity
Corporation to the memory of American patriots who died in British
Revolutionary prisons. R. 2.

Mural Monument to Major-General Richard Montgomery, under
the Broadway Portico of St. Paul's Chapel, Broadway and Fulton
Street. R. 6.

Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument, Riverside Drive and Eighty-
ninth Street; erected by the city to the heroes of the Civil War. R. 18.

Washington Arch, Washington Square; designed by Stanford
White; erected by popular subscription on the one hundredth an-
niversary of the inauguration of Washington. R. 10.

Worth Monument, Broadway and Twenty-fifth Street; designed by
Jas. C. Batterson; erected by the Corporation of the City. R. 15.

Sculptured Pediment, N. Y. C. and H. R. R. R. Freight Station,
Hudson Street, to the railroad achievements of Vanderbilt. R. 9.

Chester A. Arthur, Madison Square, designed by G. E. Bissell. R. 15.

Bust of Edwin Booth, 70 West Twenty-third Street, marking the
site of Booth's Theatre. R. 15.

Simon Bolivar, at the West Eighty-first Street entrance to Central
Park; by De La Cora, the gift of the people and the Government of
Venezuela.

Roscoe Conkling, Madison Square ; by ] • Q- ^- ^ ^"^^^ ^* "^^^

377

Manhattan HISTORICAL GUIDE

Dewitt Clinton: (i) 52-56 Broadway; by J. Massey Rhind. R. i;
(2) Hall of Records; by Philip Martiny. R. 5; (3) Chamber of
Commerce, 65 Liberty Street, R. 7.

Cadwalader Colden, Hall of Records; by Philip Martiny. R. 5.

Columbus: (i), Central Park, near the Eighth Avenue and Fifty-
ninth Street entrance; (2), Mall, Central Park; a replica of Sunol's
statue; erected by the New York Genealogical and Biographical So-
ciety; (3), McGown*s Pass Tavern, Central Park.

S. S, Cox, Astor Place; by Louise Lawson; erected by the letter-
carriers of the United States. R. 11.

Peter Cooper, in front of Cooper Union, Fourth Avenue and Bow-
ery; by St. Gaudens; erected by popular subscription. R. 11.

William E. Dodge, Broadway and Thirty-sixth Street; by J. Q. A
Ward; erected by the merchants of the city.

Abraham de Peyster, Bowling Green; Geo. E. Bissell, sculptor;
erected by John Watts de Peyster. R. i.

Mayor James Duane, Hall of Records; by Philip Martiny. R. 5.

David P. De Fries, Hall of Records ; by Philip Martiny. R. 5.

John Ericsson, Battery Park; by J. Scott Hartley; erected by the
Corporation of the City. R. 4.

Admiral Farragut, Madison Square; by St. Gaudens; presented by
the Farragut Memorial Association. R. 15.

Benjamin Franklin: (i), Printing House Square; by Plassman;
presented by Captain Albert De Groot. R. 5; (2), in front of the
Staats Zeitung Building, Spruce and William Streets. R. 5.

Horace Greeley (i), Printing House Square; by J. Q. A. Ward;
erected by private subscription. R. 5; (2), Broadway and Thirty-
third Street (Greeley Square); by Alexander Doyle; erected by a
Grand Army Post and Typographical Union.

Gutenberg: (i), on the Staats Zeitung Building, William and
Spruce Streets. R. 5; (2), Hoe Building, Grand and Sheriff Streets.
R. 13.

Garibaldi, Washington Square ; by Giovanni Turini; erected by
Italian residents of New York City. R. 10.

Alexander Hamilton: (i), on the Chamber of Commerce, 65 Lib-
erty Street; presented by John S. Kennedy. R. 7; (2), near Hamilton
Hall, Columbia University; by Ordway Partridge. R. 19; (3), bust
on the duelling ground at Weehawkcn. R. 18; (4), on the West
Drive, near the Metropolitan Museum, Central Park; by Conradts;
presented by his son, John C. Hamilton.

37%

HISTORICAL STATUES Manhattan

Bust of Richard M. Hunt, Fifth Avenue and Seventieth Street; by
D. C. French; the gift of several art societies.

Bust of Alexander L. H alley, inventor of Bessemer steel, in Wash-
ington Square; by J. Q. A. Ward; erected by Mechanical Engineers
of Europe and America. R. lo.

Henry Hudson, 52-56 Broadway; by J. Massey Rhind. R. I,

Nathan Hale, City Hall Park; by MacMonnies. R. 5.

Caleb Heathcote, Hall of Records; by Philip Martiny. R. 5.

Winfield Hancock, in Hancock Square, St. Nicholas Avenue and
One Hundred and Twenty-third Street; erected by members of the
Grand Army of the Republic.

Bust of Washington Irving, Bryant Park; by Beer; presented by
Joseph Wiener. R. 17.

John Jay, Chamber of Commerce, 65 Liberty Street. R. 7.

Lafayette, Union Square; by Bartholdi; presented by French resi-
dents. R. 14.

Lincoln, Union Square; by H. K. Browne; erected by popular sub-
scription under the auspices of the Union League Club. R. 14.

Bust of Mazzini, West Drive, Central Park; by Turini; presented
by Italian residents.

S. F. B. Morse, Central Park, hear the East Seventy-second Street
entrance; by Byron M. Pickett; erected by the telegraphic craft

Peter Stuyvesant: (r), 52-56 Broadway; by J. Massey Rhind. R. i;
(2), Hall of Records; by Philip Martiny. R. 5; (3), effigy, outer
wall of St Mark*s-in-the-Bowery, Second Avenue and Tenth Street.
R. II.

/. Marion Sims, Bryant Park; by Miller; erected by public sub-
scription. R. 17.

IVm, T. Sherman, Plaza entrance to Central Park; by St. Gaudens;
erected under the auspices of the Chamber of Commerce. R. 17.

IVm, H. Seward, Madison Square; by Randolph Rogers. R. 15.

General Franz Sigel, Riverside Drive and One Hundred and Sixth
Street; by Karl Bitter, erected by public subscription.

Washington: (i). Union Square; by H. K. Browne; erected by
popular subscription. R. 14; (2), Sub Treasury; by J. Q. A. Ward;
erected by public subscription under the auspices of the Chamber of
Commerce. R. 2; (3), Washington and Lafayette, Manhattan Av-
enue and One Hundred and Fourteenth Street; by Bartholdi and the
gift of C. B. Rouss.

Manhattan HISTORICAL GUIDE

Daniel Webster, West Drive, near Seventy-second Street, Central
Park; by Thos. Ball; the gift of Gordon W. Bumham.

Allegorical Statuary.

Statue of Liberty, Bedloe's or Liberty Island; by Bartholdi; paid
for by popular subscription in France, the pedestal by popular sub-
scription in America. R. 4.

The Pilgrim, Central Park, near the East Seventy-second Street
entrance; by J. Q. A. Ward; presented by the New England Society
of the City of New York.

The Seventh Regiment (a figure of a private soldier of this com-
mand), on -the West Drive of Central Park, near the Seventy-second
Street entrance; by J. Q. A. Ward; erected in commemoration of
those members who fell during the Civil War.

Recording of the Purchase of Manhattan, Hall of Records; by
Albert Weinert. R. 5.

The Consolidation of Greater New York, Hall of Records; by Al-
bert Weinert. R. 5.

The Movement of American Commerce, pediment of the Stock
Exchange; by J. Q. A. Ward. R. 3.

Groups representing Asia, Africa, Europe and America, on Custom
House; by D. C. French. Above the cornice are statues representing
France, England, Germany, Scandinavia, Spain, Portugal, Holland,
Venice, Genoa, Phoenicia, Greece and Rome; by Elwell, Gelert, Grae-
fly, Jacques, Lukeman, Louis St. Gaudens and Tonetti.

Tablets in Manhattan.

Period of the Dutch Occupation.

41 Broadway, iirst white men's houses in Manhattan; Holland So-
ciety. R. I.

Collector's Office, Custom House, Fort Amsterdam, R. i.

Middle Dutch Church, Seventh Street and Second Avenue, Church
of St. Nicholas in Fort Amsterdam and the original Middle Church
on Exchange Place. R. 11.

Within the Middle Dutch Reformed Church, to Minuit, Krol, Huyck
and Michaclius, officers of the original church. R. 11.

3^0

HISTORICAL TABLETS ManhatUn

Collegiate Dutch Reformed Church, Forty-eighth Street and Fifth
Avenue, the Church in the Fort. R. 17.

23 Whitehall* Street, house of Dotnine Bogardus and Anneke Jans
Bogardus; Knickerbocker Chapter, D. A. R. R. i.

73 Pearl Street, Stadt Huys; Holland Society. R. 3.

Thirteenth Street and Third Avenue, Peter Stuyvesanfs pear tree;
Holland Society. R. 11.

Wall of Jewish Cemetery, Oliver Street and New Bowery, iirst
Jewish Cemetery and a Revolutionary fort; American Scenic and
Historic Preservation Society and the Jewish Historical Society. R.
12.

8-10 Pearl Street, first Dutch settlers; Holland Dames of New
Netherlands. R. i.

8-10 Peck Slip, Warehouse of Isaac A Her ton; General Society of
Majrflower Descendants. R. 7.

Period of the English Occupation to 1765.

Battery Park, opposite Custom House (Fort George Monument) ;
southwest bastion of Fort George; Corporation of the City of New
York, replaced under the auspices of the American Scenic and His-
toric Preservation Society and the New York Historical Society. R. i.

East wall of Produce Exchange, First Huguenot Church; Huguenot
Society of America. R. i.

81 Pearl Street, first printing press in New York; New York His-
torical Society. R. 3.

Cotton Exchange, Hanover Square, New York Gasette, the first
New York newspaper; New York Historical Society. R. 3.

Murray Street and West Broadway, Kings College. R. 6.

Mutual Life Building, Nassau and Cedar Streets, Middle Dutch
Church; Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York. R. 7.

Schieren Building, QiflF and Ferry Streets, the Old Swamp; Hide
and Leather Association of New York. R. 7.

First Presbyterian Church, old Presbyterian Church in Wall Street.
R. 14.

Tablet, on Custom House, to mark site of Fort Amsterdam; N. Y.
Society of the Order of the Founders and Patriots of America.

Tablet, 48 Wall Street, to mark site of a bastion in the old city
wall; Society of Colonial Wars in the State of New York.

381

Manhattan HISTORICAL GUIDE

Period of the Revolution, 1765-1783.

I Broadway, Kennedy House and the Statue of George III; Sons
of the Revolution. R. i.

Fraunces Tavern, 52 Pearl Street, (i) Frederick Samuel Tallmadge;
Sons of the Revolution; (2), in the Long Room, establishment of the
Chamber of Commerce, meeting of the Committee of Correspondence
and Washington's Farewell; Sons of the Revolution. R. 3.

Broad and Beaver Streets, exploits of Marinus Willett; Sons of
the Revolution. R. 3.

City Hall, Reading of Declaration of Independence to the Army;
Sons of the Revolution. R. 5.

Within the General Post Office, Liberty Pole and Battle of Golden
Hill; Mary Washington Colonial Chapter, D. A. R. R. 5.

Ann and William Streets, Battle of Golden Hill; Sons of the
Revolution. R. 7.

Thames Street and Broadway, De Lanc'ey House (Burns' Coffee
House), City Hotel, signing of Non-Important Agreement (?); Hol-
land Society of New York. R. 6.

Sub-Treasury, Washington in prayer at Valley Forge \ Lafayette
Post No. 140, G. A. R. R. 2.

Park space, Park Avenue and Thirty-seventh Street, Murray House,
scene of Mrs. Murray's detention of British officers; Knickerbocker
Chapter, D. A. R. R. 17.

1497 Broadway, meeting of Washington and Putnam, September 15,
1776; Sons of the Revolution. R. 18.

Engineering Building, Columbia University, Battle of Harlem
Heights; Sons of the Revolution. R. 19.

Park Space, One Hundred and Forty-seventh Street and Broad-
way, arst line of defences in the Revolution; Washington Heights
Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution. R. 23.

Wall of Trinity Cemetery, Broadway and One Hundred and Fifty-
third Street, defences of the Revolution; Sons of the Revolution. R.
23.

HISTORICAL TABLETS Manhattan

One Hundred and Fifty-ninth Street and Broadway, third line of
defences in the Revolution; Washington Heights Chapter, Daughters
of the American Revolution. R. 23.

Washington's Headquarters (Roger Morris, Jumel Mansion),
Headquarters of Washington; Washington Heights Chapter, D. A. R.
R. 23.

Washington's Headquarters, acquisition of the building and grounds
for a museum; Park Department. R. 23.

Fort Washington Avenue, near One Hundred and Eighty-third
Street, Fort Washington; James Gordon Bennett. R. 24.

Fort Washington Avenue, near One Hundred and Ninety-sixth
Street, Fort Try on; C. K. G. Billings and the American Scenic and
Historic Preservation Society. R. 26.

Within Holyrood Church, One Hundred and Eighty-first Street and
Broadway, exploit of Margaret Corhin; Mary Washington Colonial
Chapter, D. A. R. R. 24.

Within the Collegiate Dutch Reformed Church, Fifth Avenue and
Forty-eighth Street, soldiers and sailors of the Revolution; Daugh-
ters of the Revolution, State of New York. R. 17.

Under barred window on Rhinelander Building, Rose and Duane
Streets, Cuyler-Rhinelander Sugar House. R. 7.

City Hall Park, near Bridge Terminal, Provost Prison; Mary Wash-
ington Colonial Chapter, D. A. R. R. 5.

23 Whitehall Street, Whitehall Ferry, scene of Washington's de^
parture in 1783; Mary Washington Colonial Chapter, D. A. R. R. i.

Modern Period, since 1783.

Sub-Treasury, Ordinance of 1787; Ohio Company of Associates. R.
2.

Within the Sub-Treasury, inscribed slab on which Washington
stood while delivering his first inaugural address. R. 2.

Within St. Paul's Chapel, Centennial of Washington's inauguration;
the Aisle Committee at services held in St. Paul's Chapel. R. 6.

Within St. Paul's Chapel, One Hundredth Anniversary of Wash-
ington's death. R. 6.

Brooklyn Bridge Pier, Franklin Square, First Presidential Mansion;
Mary Washington Colonial Chapter, D. A. R. R. 7.

.-^8.^

Manhattan HISTORICAL GUIDE

Hamilton Grange, home of Alexander Hamilton; Washington
Heights Chapter, D. A. R. R. 23.

German Reformed Church, Baron Steuben. R. 2a

William and Wall Streets, cornerstone of the Bank of New York.
R. 2.

Directors' Room, Life Insurance and Trust Company, 52 Wall
Street, cornerstone of the United States Branch Bank. R. 2.

56 Wall Street, Morris Robinson and the establishment of the
business of modern life insurance in America; Canadian Society of
New York. R. 2.

Within City Hall, two inscribed marble slabs transferred from the
top course of the coping of City Hall, giving names of the Building
Committee, architect, stone cutter, masons, etc., and a tablet in com-
memoration of these being placed here on the 250th anniversary of
the City Charter. R. 5.

Block House No. i. Central Park, defences of the War of 18 12;
Woman's Auxiliary to the American Scenic and Historic Preserva-
tion Society. R. 21.

Block House No. 3, Morningside Park and One Hundred and
Twenty-third Street, defences of War of 1812; Woman's Auxiliary
to the American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society. R. 19.

Near McGown's Pass, Central Park, Fort Clinton and McGown's
Pass; children of the City History Club. R. 21.

Aquarium, acquisition of Castle Garden for a Museum; Park De-
partment. B. 4.

Aquarium, Battery Park; to mark the place of defence called the
West Battery during the War of 1812 and in honor of the Ninth
Regiment, N. Y. State Artillery, stationed here 1812; erected by the
National Society of the United States Daughters of 1812 and the
National Guard. R. 4.

Fayerweather Hall, Columbia University, defences of the War of
1812; Empire State Society, Daughters of 1812. R. 19.

90 Pearl Street, Hre of 1835. R- 3-

136 Fulton Street, Shakespeare Tavern and organization of Seventh
Regiment; Veterans of the Seventh Regiment. R. 7.

Grove Street School, Lafayette's visit to the old school in 1824;
Charles R. Lamb. R. 8.

Firemen's Monument, Hudson Park, acquisition by the city of St.
John's Cemetery for a public park. R. 8.

384

HISTORICAL TABLETS Manhattan

Within Middle Dutch Reformed Church, /. C. Lanphier, founder of
Fulton Street Prayer Meeting. R. ii.

63 Prince Street, Gouverneur House, where President Monroe died;
Woman's Auxiliary to the American Scenic and Historical Preser-
vation Society. R. 13.

Madison Avenue, between Forty-ninth and Fiftieth Streets, Colum-
bia College. R. 17.

5 West Twenty-second Street, home of S. F. B. Morse. R. 15.

Sidewalk, near west gate of Gramercy Park, gift of park land. R.

14.

University Place and Eighteenth Street, home of Ninth Regiment;
Veterans of the Ninth Regiment. R. 14.

North of Grant's Tomb, to the memory of General Grant; Li
Hung Chang. R. 19.

In Tompkins Square, to the memory of the victims of the Slocum
disaster; erected by popular subscription. R. 11.

Within the Middle Dutch Reformed Church, to the memory of
the victims of the Slocum disaster. R. 11.

50 Broadway, iirst skeleton frame steel structure; Society of
Architecture and Ironmasters in New York. R. i.

Twenty-second Street and Twelfth Avenue, Chelsea Improvement ;
Dock Department. R. 16.

Pavement in front of City Hall, iirst excavation for the Under-
ground Railway. R. 5.

City Hall Subway Station, completion of the iirst New York Sub-
way. R. 5.

West Street, near Bank Street, widening and improvement of West
Street. R. 8.

New York University Building, Washington Square, Andrew H as-
well Green; Frederick W. Devoe.

The Bronx HISTORICAL GUIDE

Monuments, Statues and Tablets in the Bronx,

Henry Hudson Monument, Spuyten Duyvil Hill; erected by the
Henry Hudson Monument Committee of the Bronx Citizens' Hudson-
Fulton Celebration Commission.

Statue of Major-General Josiah Porter, north of Van Cortlandt
Mansion; erected by the National Guard, State of New York. R. 29.

Monument to the Founders of New York University, on the Uni-
versity Campus. R. 30.

Tablet on Van Cortlandt Mansion, historic events connected with
the house; Colonial Dames of the State of New York. R. 29.

Inscription on the window from the Rhinelander Sugar House
stating its use as a Revolutionary prison; placed in Van Cortlandt
Park; by J. F. Oakley Rhinelander. R. 29.

Tablet on cairn in Van Cortlandt Park, near Mount Vernon Ave-
nue and Two Hundred and Thirty-seventh Street, in memory of
the Stockbridge Indians who aided the patriots in the Revolution;
Bronx Chapter of the Mount Vernon (New York) Chapter, D. A. R.
R. 29.

Tablet on Glover's Rock, near Bartow, Pelham Neck, to mark the
Battle of Peirs Point; Bronx Chapter of the Mount Vernon Chap-
ter, D. A. R. R. 34.

Inscription on the Macedonia Hotel, City Island, marking the
British Frigate Macedonia; placed by the War Department. R. 34.

Tablets in St. Ann's Church, St. Ann's Avenue and One Hundred
and Fortieth Street, to the memory of the Morris family, R. 31.

Tablet on Chemistry Building, New York University, near site of
Fort No. Eight, to the men of the Revolution and Revolutionary de-
fences near by; Sons of the Revolution. R. 30.

Tablets in the Hall of Fame, New York University, to honor great
Americans. R. 30.

Split Rock, Pelham Bay Park, in memory of Ann Marbury Hutch-
inson; erected by the public school children of the Bronx. R. 34.

HISTORICAL MONUMENTS Brooklyn

Monuments and Statues in Brooklyn.

Martyrs' Tomb, Fort Greene Park, to the victims of the old prison
ships in the Wallabout.

Maryland Monument, Lookout Hill, Prospect Park, in honor of
Maryland's Four Hundred in the Battle of Long Island; presented
by the Maryland Society, Sons of the American Revolution. R. 38.

Monument to the United States soldiers who fell in China in 1856,
Brooklyn Navy Yard. R. 37.

Soldiers* and Sailors' Memorial Arch, main entrance to Prospect
Park; by John H. Duncan, bas reliefs by Power, quadriga by Mac-
Monnies; to the heroes of the Civil War. R. 38.

Skene Monument, triangle north of Prospect Park Plaza, by J.
Massey Rhind.

Henry Ward Beecher, in front of Borough Hall ; by J. Q. A. Ward.
R. 36.

General Fowler, Fort Greene Park.

General Grant, Bedford Avenue, near Dean Street; by William
Ordway Partridge; the gift of the Union League Club of Brooklyn.

Alexander Hamilton, entrance to the Hamilton Club, Clinton and
Remsen Streets.

Washington Irving, Prospect Park, near the Italian Flower gar-
den; the gift of Demas Barnes.

Lincoln, Prospect Park, near the flower garden overlooking the
lake; by popular subscription.

Henry W. Maxwell, Prospect Park Plaza; by his friends.

General Slocum, Bedford Street and Eastern Parkway; by Mac-
Monnies.

James S. T. Stranahan, Prospect Park; by subscription.

Bust of Peter Turner, St. James Pro-Cathedral, Jay and Chapel
Streets. R. 36.

Major General Warren, Prospect Park Plaza; by Henry Baerer;
presented by G. K. Warren Post No. 286, G. A. R.

Washington, Plaza, Williamsburg; H. W. Shrady; the gift of Ex-
Register James R. Howe. R. 35a.

Queens HISTORICAL GUIDE Richmond

Tablets in Brooklyn,

Flatbush Dutch Reformed Church, Colonial and Revolutionary
events in connection with the church; Colonial Daughters of the 17th
Century. R. 39. •

Smith-Gray Building, Fulton Street and Flatbush Avenue, line of
defence, Battle of Long Island; Sons of the Revolution. R. 37.

Battle Pass, East Drive, Prospect Park, Valley Grove, and outer
line of defence, Battle of Long Island. R. 38.

Fifth Avenue and Third Street, Vechte-Cortelyou House and Bat-
tle of Long Island; Sons of the Revolution. R. 42.

On Liberty Pole, in front of New Utrecht Dutch Reformed Church,
Revolutionary Liberty Pole; Descendants of the Patriots who erected
the first pole in 1783. R. 43.

Borough Hall Subway Station, opening of the first Subway con-
necting Manhattan and Brooklyn, R. 36.

Monuments and Tablets in Queens,

Soldiers* Monument, Flushing, to the heroes of the Civil War. R.

51.

Tablet, within St. George's Church, Flushing, to Francis Lewis, a
signer of the Declaration of Independence. R. 51.

Tablet on boulder, opposite the Bowne House, Flushing, to mark
site of Fox Oaks; Flushing Historical Society. R. 51.

Soldiers* Monument, Jamaica, to Civil War heroes; by F. W.
Ruckstuhl.

Tablet in Grace Church, Jamaica, to John A. King, Governor
of New York.

Tablets in Richmond,

Two tablets on either side of the flight of steps of Borough Hall,
giving the dates of principal events in the Borough of Richmond, R.

53.

Memorial slab on the Garibaldi House, Stapleton, to commemorate
the residence of Garibaldi. R. 55.

St. Andrew's Church, Richmond, in memory of Queen Anne's gift
io the church. R. 58.

<t88

NOTES

389

NOTES ,

390

APPENDIX C.

NOTABLE HISTORIC BUILDINGS STANDING (1909)'.

MANHATTAN.

Fraunces Tavern, 52 Pearl Street, built 1719 by Etienne De Lancey.

R. 3.

Golden Hill Inn, 122-4 William Street, built about 1750. R. 7.

St. PauVs Chapel, Broadway and Vesey Street, built 1764-6. R. 5.

Washington's Headquarters (Roger Morris or Jumel Mansion),
One Hundred and Sixty-second Street and Jumel Place, built shortly
before the Revolution. R. 23.

St. Mark's-in-the-Bowery, Second Avenue and Tenth Street, built
1795-9. R. II.

St. John's Chapel, 46 Varick Street, built 1803-7. R. 9-

St. Patrick's Church (formerly the Cathedral), Mott and Prince
Streets, built 1809. R. 13.

Hamilton Grange, One Hundred and Forty-first Street and Con-
vent Avenue, built 1802-4. R. 23.

Grade House, East River Park, near Eighty-eighth Street, built
1813. R. 20.

Claremont, north end of Riverside Park, built shortly after the
Revolution. R. 19.

City Hall, City Hall Park, built 1803-12. R. 5.

Aquarium (Castle Clinton or Southwest Battery), Battery Park,
built 1807-11. R. 4.

Fort Jay (Fort Columbus), Governor's Island, built about 181 1.
R. 4.

Castle Williams, Governor's Island, built about 181 1. R. 4.

Southeast Battery, Governor's Island, built about 181 1. R. 4.

Block House No. i. Central Park, built 1814. R. 21.

Block House No. 3, Morningside Park and One Hundred and
Twenty-third Street, built 1814. R. 19.

United States Assay Office, 32 Wall Street, oldest Federal building
in Manhattan, built 1823. R. 2.

St. Lukf'js Chapel, Hudson Street, opposite Grove Street, built 1821-
4. R. 8,

391

The Bronx HISTORICAL GUIDE Brooklyn

St. Peter's Church, Barclay and Church Streets, the oldest Roman
Catholic Church in Manhattan, built 1838-9. R. 6.

Trinity Church, Broadway, opposite Wall Street, built 1839-46. R. 2.

Bedford Street Church, corner of Morton Street, built 1840. R. 8.

John Street Church, between William ancl Nassau Streets, successor
to the oldest Methodist Church in America, built 1841. R. 7.

THE BRONX.

Macomb Mansion, Broadway and Two Hundred and Thirtieth
Street, built 1693. R. 29.

Van Cortlandt Mansion, Van Cortlandt Park; built 1748. R. 29.

Hunt Mansion, Hunt's Point, built 1688. R. 31.

Ferris Mansion, Westchester County Club grounds, near Throgg's
Neck, Pre-Revolutionary. R. 33.

St, Paul's Church, Eastchester, built 1765. R. 34a.

St. Peter's Church, Westchester, on the site of the church of 1700.
R. 33 a.

Macedonia Hotel, City Island, consisting in part of a British frigate
of the War of 1812. R. 34.

Poe Cottage, Kingsbridge Road, Fordham. R. 32.

BROOKLYN.

Schenck-Crooke House, Mill Lane, Flatlands, built about 1650. R.
40.

Bergen Homestead, East Seventy-second Street, Bergen Beach,
built about 1655. R- 40.

Wyckoff House, Canarsie Lane and Remsen Place, Canarsie, built
1664. R. 41.

Van Pelt Manor House, Eighty-first Street and Eighteenth Avenue,
New Utrecht, built about 1664. R. 43.

Van Brunt House, 1752 Eighty-fourth Street, built about 1660. R.
43.

Hick's Piatt House, Neck Road, Gravesend, built about 1660. R.
43a.

Geyyitsen Tide Mill, Gerritsen's Creek, near Neck Road, on the
s/te of the original mill of 1636. R. 40.
ScrA^ucJt House, CsLTiSiVsi^ Park, built aboul 1670. '^^ ^i,

^^02

Queens HISTORIC BUILDINGS Richmond

Old Mill (now known as Van Wicklen Mill), Old Mill Village,
New Lots, built 1770. R. 41.

Flatbush Dutch Reformed Church, corner of Flatbush and Church
Avenues, built 1793-6, on the site of the oldest church in Long Island.

R. 39.

Erasmus Hall High School (concealed behind new structure), Flat-
bush Avenue, near Erasmus Street, built 1786. R. 39;
VanDerveer Homestead, 1159 Flatbush Avenue, built 1787 (98). R.

39.

Fort Lafayette (old Fort Diamond), the Narrows, built about 1812.
R. 42.

Fort Hamilton, built 1825-31, on the site of military works of 1808.
R. 42.

Bushwick Dutch Reformed Church, successor to the first church
in Bushwick, built 1825. R. 35c.

St. James Pro-Cathedral, Jay and Chapel Streets, first Roman
Catholic church on Long Island, organized 1822. R. 36.

Borough Hall, built for a City Hall, 1836-40. R. 36.

QUEENS.

Bowne House, Flushing, built 1655. R. 51.

Quaker Meeting House, Flushing, built 1694-5. R. 5i.

Garretson House, Flushing, built before 1700. R. 51.

Moore House, Elmhurst, built about 1661. R. 49.

Corner House, Elmhurst, built 1716. R. 49.

St, James Church, Elmhurst, built 1735. R. 49.

Moore House, Steinway, built 1690-5. R. 44.

Riker Homestead, Steinway, built before 1700. R. 44.

De Witt Clinton House, Maspeth, built 1725. R. 46.

King Mansion, Jamaica, built about 1750. R. 52.

RICHMOND.

Billopp House, Tottenville, built 1688. R. 60.
Fountain House, New Dorp, built before 1700. R. 56.
Guyon-Clarke House, New Dorp. R. 56.
Lake-Tysen House, New Dorp. R. 56.

393

Richmond HISTORICAL GUIDE

Moravian Church and Parsonage, New Dorp, built 1763. R. 56.

Black Horse Tavern, New Dorp, pre-Revolutionary. R. 56.

5"^ Andrew's Church, Richmond, on site of church established 1708.
R.59.

Purdys Hotel, Princess Bay, buUt about 1700. R. 60a.

Barne-Tysen House, Karles Neck, land granted in 1667. R. 54.

Christopher Homestead, Willow Brook, pre-Revolutionary. R. 54.

Austin House, Rosebank, Stapleton, built about 1710. R. 55.

Garibaldi House, Stapleton. R. 55.

Forts Wadsworth and Tompkins, the Narrows, built 1847 on site
of forts of War of 1812. R. 55.

Danner^s Hotel, Port Richmond, built about 1800. R. 53.

Kreuzer-Pelton House, the Cove, West New Brighton, built 1722.
R. 53.

Sailors' Snug Harbor, West New Brighton, built 1833. R. 53.

APPENDIX D.

MUSEUMS, COLLECTIONS, AND LIBRARIES

Of special interest to students of local history,

MANHATTAN.

American Museum of Natural History (incorporated 1865) ; Man-
hattan Square, Seventy-seventh-Eighty-first Streets, west of Central
Park. Open (free) Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday and
holidays, 9-5; Sunday, 1-5; Tuesday and Saturday evenings (free)
7-10; Monday and Tuesday (25c.). Free lectures Tuesday and Sat-
urday 8 p. m., October to April. Collections to illustrate Natural
History, Geology and Palaeontology. The Indian relics found in the
upper end of Manhattan, the Bronx and Richmond are of particular
interest.

Metropolitan Museum of Art (incorporated 1870) ; near Fifth Ave-
nue and Eighty-third Street, in Central Park. Open (free) Tues-
day, Wednesday, Thursday, 10-5; Saturday, 10-10; Sunday after i
p. m. ; Monday and Friday (25c.). Collections of works of ancient
and modern art. The Huntington Collection of likenesses of Wash-
ington and Franklin, embracing drawings, engravings, prints, busts,
pottery, medals and cameos is of special interest. On application,
teachers may obtain a bulletin giving detailed information concerning
the practical use of the collections for classes of children.

The New York Aquarium, Battery Park. Open (free) every day
in the year; 9-5, April 15-October 15; 10-4, October 16- April 14;
closed Monday forenoon, except to teachers with classes and to mem-
bers of the New York Zoological Society; when Monday is a holiday,
open as on other days. Exhibits of fishes, turtles, crocodilians, frogs,
salamanders, marine mammals and invertebrates. By arrangement
with the Curator, the casemates, bomb proof and other traces of the
old fort may be seen.

Washington's Headquarters, One Hundred and Sixty-second street,
east of St. Nicholas Avenue. Open (free) daily 10-5. Fitted up as
a Colonial Museum; under the care of the Washington Headquarters
Association. For detailed account see R. 23.

395

Manhattan HISTORICAL GUIDE

Municipal Collections.

In City Hall, City Hall Park. Open (free) 10-4 (except holidays);
Saturday, 10-12. Governor's Room: portraits of Washington and for-
mer governors; battle flags; furniture used by the officers and mem-
bers of the first Federal Government. Aldermanic Chambers: por-
traits; ceiling painting: New York welcoming the Nations. Mayor's
Reception Office: portraits of Lafayette and of mayors since 1783.
City Clerk's Office, Office of the President of the Board of Aldermen,
Old Council Chamber and President's Office: Office of the Municipal
Art Commission: portraits of historic persons and former officials.

County Court House, City Hall Park: Portraits.

Comptroller's Office, Stewart Building, Chambers Street and Broad-
way: Portraits of Andrew H. Green and heroes of the War of 1812.

Corporation Counsel's Office, Hall of Records : . Portraits.

Criminal Courts Building, Centre and Franklin Streets: Allegorical
mural paintings, portrait of Richard Riker.

Hall of Records, Chambers and Centre Streets : Old records, dating
back to the Dutch Period and early maps may be seen on application.

Board of Education Building, Park Avenue and Fifty-ninth Street:
Portraits of De Witt Clinton and former members of the Board of
Education.

Appellate Division of the Supreme Court, Twenty-sixth Street and
Fourth Avenue: Mural paintings in the vestibule and Court Room:
Portraits.

General Post Office Law Library, City Hall Park: Portraits and
tablets.

State Arsenal, Seventh Avenue and Thirty-fifth Street: War relics
and tablets from the Elm Street Armory.

Private Museums and Collections.

American Geographical Society (organized 1852), 15 West Eighty-
first Street: Early maps, copies of Valentine's Manual, Annals of
Albany, histories of the Counties of New York, documents and docu-
mentary history of New York. Open 10-5, free to those introduced
by members.

^m^r/ran Numismatic Society, One Hundred and Fifty-sixth Street,
-vest of Broadway, Collection of 40,000 corns aud mtda\s oi all coun-

HISTORICAL MUSEUMS Manhattan

tries and all ages, and a large numismatic library. Open to members
and their friends.

Fraunces Tavern, 52 Pearl Street. Open (free) daily, under the
care of the Sons of the Revolution! Collection of Revolutionary relics,
flags, china, coins, medals, military commissions, letters, etc. See
Excursion VI.

Hispanic Society of America, One Hundred and Fifty-sixth Street,
west of Broadway. Open (free) daily, including Sundays, 1-5, ex-
cept August, Christmas and Thanksgiving. Library open to holders
of readers' cards, 10-5, except Sundays, legal holidays and the month
of August. " A free museum and educational institution for the ad-
vancement of the study of the Spanish and Portuguese language, liter-
ature and history." Collections of manuscripts, pictures and maps.

Chamber of Commerce, 65 Liberty Street. Admission only by mem-
ber's card: Portraits of old New York merchants and public men
connected with the advancement of commerce; curios; commercial
statistics.

Cooper Union Museum for the Arts of Decoration, Cooper Union,
Aster Place. Open (free) daily (secure pass at the office) 9-5, ex-
cept Sunday and Monday; closed July i-September 13. Collection of
Colonial furniture, costumes, needle-work and relics of Peter Cooper.

Exempt Firemen's Organization, 10 Jefferson Market, Sixth Avenue
and Tenth Street. Open (free) daily. Collection of old fire apparatus
and pictures.

Volunteer Firemen's Association, 220 East Fifty-ninth Street. Open
(free) daily. Collection of old fire apparatus, pictures and documents.

Museum of the Military Service Institution, Governor's Island.
Open (free) daily, except Saturday afternoon and Sunday. Collec-
tion of war relics and historic flags.

New York Historical Society, Central Park West and Seventy-sixth
Street. Open daily except Sunday; free on presentation of member's
card. Collection of rare antiquities and paintings, manuscripts and
books. The relics and prints of New York are of special interest.

Historical Museum of the College of the City of Nczv York, Con-
vent Avenue and One Hundred and Thirty-eighth Street. Open (free)
daily during the college year. Collection of prints and maps.

Middle Dutch Reformed Church, Second Avenue and Seventh
Street. See R. 11:7.

St. Mark's-in-the-Bowery, Second Avenue and Eleventh Street.
See R. 11:2.

397

Manhattan HISTORICAL GUIDE

Collegiate Church, Fifth Avenue and Forty-eighth Street (Lecture
Room). See R, 17:5.

Brick Presbyterian Church, Fifth Avenue and Thirty-seventh
Street. See R. 17:2.

John Street Methodist Church. See R. 7:34.

St. Cornelius Chapel, Governor's Island. R. 4:46.

Methodist Historical Society, Methodist Book G>ncem, Fifth Ave-
nue and Twentieth Street Relics in connection with Methodism in
New York,

Hotel Astor, Broadway and Forty-fifth Street See R. 18 :B.

Dolan's Cafi, 33 Park Row. See R. 5:15.

Steivart's Cafi, 161 Fulton Street See R. 5:17.

Britting's Restaurant, 126 Greenwich Avenue. See R. 8:3.

Hotel Netherland, Fifth Avenue and Fifty-ninth Street. Paint-
ings : ** The Purchase of Manhattan," and " Stuyvesant Receiving the
English Terms of Surrender."

Hotel Imperial, Broadway and Thirtieth Street Painting : " Bowling
in Bowling Green."

New Amsterdam Theatre, 214 West Forty-second Street Painting
representing the reading of the Declaration of Independence to the
Anny on the Common, July 9, 1776.

DelVitt Clinton High School, Fifty-ninth Street and Tenth Avenue.

Mural paintings in connection with the Erie Canal. See R. 18:
D.

Police Headquarters, Centre Street Mural painting : " Rattle Watch
of New Amsterdam."

Libraries.

The New York Public Library, on the Astor Lenox Tilden Founda-
tion. Main Building, Bryant Square (not yet completed). Reference
Branches: Astor Library, 425 Lafayette Street near Astor Place.
Open (free) daily; Lenox Library, 890 Fifth Avenue (Seventieth
Street). Open (free) daily. Collection of 11,500 volumes and
pamphlets on local and state history; 2,500 volumes and pamphlets
of historical and patriotic society publications and 3,150 volumes and
/?3niph]ets of American genealogies. The collection of prints is of
^articular value. Exhibitions of rare books and prints are held at
'equent internals.

LIBRARIES Manhattan

The Carnegie Circulating Branches are scattered over the city;
these are usually open 9-9, a few until 10 p. m. ; several are open Sun-
day.

The Traveling Library, headquarters 190 Amsterdam Avenue,
will arrange to make up and loan (free of expense) sets of books
on various subjects for the use of schools, teachers and study clubs.

The Library for the Blind publishes and circulates books in raised
type.

American Jewish Historical Society, 736 Lexington Avenue. Open
to members and their friends. Collection of books referring to the
history of the Jews on the American Continent.

City Library, City Hall. Open (free) for reference 10-4; Saturday
10-12. Collection of city records; reports and various municipal pub-
lications.

Columbia University, Low Memorial Library. Open 8:30 a. m.-
II p. m. (8:30 a. m.-io p. m. in summer) ; daily, except Sunday; closed
on Good Friday, Thanksgiving and Christmas. Free for inspection;
books may be used for reference by those properly recommended. The
collection includes 450 titles on local history, embracing some of the
rarest books and prints and 2,500 DeWitt Clinton letters. The
Holland Society has deposited here its valuable collection of books
on the early history and settlement of this country by the Dutch.

Cooper Union Library, Astor Place. Open (free) daily 8 a. m.-io
p. m.; Sunday, October to May, 12 m.-g p. m. Books for reference
only.

General Society of Mechanics and Tradesmen, 16-24 West Forty-
fourth Street. Open 9-8. Reference department free to the public.

Huguenot Society of America, 105 East Twenty-second Street.
Open to members and their friends 9-5, except Sunday and holidays.
Books relating to the settlement of America by the French.

Mercantile Library, Clinton Hall and Astor Place. Open to sub-
scribers. General collection of 300,000 volumes.

New York Genealogical and Biographical Society, Genealogical Hall,
226 West Fifty-eighth Street. Open daily, except Sunday, 10-6; Mon-
day evening, 8-10. Admission through member's card. Collection of
New York town and county histories; military records; records of
wills; indexes to conveyances; the Burhaus Collection of copies of
New York church records; files of the Genealogical and Biographical
Record from i86g.

399

Manhattan HISTORICAL . GUIDE The Bronx

New York Historical Society Library, 170 Central Park West. Open
9-6, admission by member's card. 150,000 volumes and pamphlets on
American (particularly New York) History. Occasional exhibits of
rare books and prints.

New York Society Library, 109 University Place, near Twelfth
Street. Open 9-6. Free to the public for reference. Files of eighteen
New York newspapers; rare prints; laws of New York from 1694;
all the well-known histories and guide-books of New York; nearly
all the New York Directories; reports of institutions, clubs and city
departments.

See also mention above of libraries of the American Geographical
Society; American Numismatic Society; Hispanic Society of America;
Methodist Historical Society; Staten Island Association of Arts and
Sciences.

THE BRONX.

Botanical Garden, Bronx Park (R. 32). Reached by Harlem Divis-
ion K. Y. C. and H. R. R. R. to Bronx Park or Lenox Avenue Sub-
way to One Hundred and Forty-ninth Street and (free) transfer to
Suburban Branch of the Elevated R. R., to Bronx Park. Open (free)
daily; buildings open 10-4. Exhibits. In the grounds: hardy herbace-
ous plants, shrubs, trees and natural woodlands. In the conservato-
ries: tropical and warm temperate zone plants. In the museums:
plant products utilized in the arts, sciences and industries; illustra-
tions of the natural families of plants, plants growing naturally within
one hundred miles of New York; fossil plants. Library: Herbaria;
Laboratories. Lectures on Saturday afternoons, autumn and spring. An
attendant will explain the exhibits, leaving the museum at 3 p. m.

Lorillard Mansion Museum, Bronx Park, east of the Botanical Gar-
den. (R. 32). Open (free) 2-5 daily. Under the care of the Bronx
Society of Arts and Sciences. Collection of natural specimens of
the borough; specimens illustrative of the industries, educational fea-
tures and park system of the Bronx; Indian, Colonial and Revolution-
ary relics; historical photographs and rare prints; a reference library.

The Bronx HISTORICAL MUSEUMS Brooklyn

Zoological Garden, Bronx Park (R. 32). Reached by the Lenox
Avenue Subway to One Hundred and Eighty-second Street, West
Farms or by the Harlem Division N. Y. C. and H. R. R. R. to Ford-
ham and thence by carriage or 15 minutes walk east, along the South-
ern Boulevard. Under the care of the New York Zoological Society.
Open daily 9 to half hour befgre sunset in summer, after 10 in win-
ter. Free except on Monday and Thursday (25c.); when a holiday
falls on Monday or Thursday, ^the fee is remitted, but is charged on
the day following.

Van Cortlandt Mansion, Van Cortlandt Park (R. 29.) Open (free)
daily except Sunday 10-6; Thursday 25c. Under the care of the
Colonial Dames of tjie State of New York. Rooms fitted up in
Colonial style; a collection of Revolutionary and Colonial relics.

New York University Museum, under the Hall of Fame. (R. 30.)
Open (free) daily during the college year.

New York University General Library. Open daily, free on proper
introduction.

BROOKLYN.

Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, Museum Building, Eastern
Parkway and Washington Avenue. (R. 38). Open week days 9-6;
Thursday evening 7:30-9:45; Sunday 2-6; free except Monday and
Tuesday (if these are not holidays), when there is a fee of 25c for
adults and loc. for children. Collections in natural and applied
sciences; paintings; sculptures; historical casts, etc.

Children's Museum, Bedford Park and Brooklyn Avenue. Open
(free) daily 9-5:30; Sundays 2-5:30. See R. 38:12.

Municipal Collections.

Hall of Records: Collection of portraits of recorders and other of-
ficials.

County Court House: Portraits of Supreme Court justices and
other judges.

Borough Hall: Portraits of mayors of the former City of Brooklyn.

Long Island Historical Society, Clinton and Pierrepont Streets. Sec
R. 36:6. Open (free) daily.

Queens HISTORICAL GUIDE Richmond

Libraries.

Brooklyn Public Library, central office, 26 Brevoort Place. Circu-
lating branches in all parts of the borough. Open (free) daily 9-9.
Sunday 2-6.

The department of Traveling Libraries, 197 Montague Street

Catholic Historical Society Library, loi Greene Avenue.

Long Island Historical Society Library, Clinton and Pierrepont
Streets. Open 8:30-9:30. Reference only for members and those in-
troduced by members. Collection of 76,000 volumes largely on the
history of Brooklyn and Long Island.

Pratt Institute Library, Ryerson Street, between De Kalb and Wil-
loughby Avenues. Open week days 9 a. m.-9:30 p. m. (free). Col-
lection of 90,000 volumes.

QUEENS.

Bowne House, Flushing. Admission 25c.; six people only allowed
at a time; larger parties must arrange in advance with Miss Parsons,
371 Broadway, Flushing. See R. 5i» 14.

King Mansion, Jamaica. Open (free) Monday; other days by spe-
cial arrangement with Mrs. E. C. Chickering, Secretary King Manor
Association, Jamaica. See R. 52, 6.

Queens Borough Public Library, central office, 25 Clinton Avenue,
Jamaica. Circulating branches in various parts of the borough. Usu-
ally open daily (except Sunday) 9-9.

RICHMOND.

Staten Island Association of Arts and Sciences, Borough Hall, St.
George. Open (free) daily. Collection of natural specimens of
Staten Island and historic relics, manuscripts, maps, etc. See R.
53, I.

Billop House, Tottenville. Open daily (small fee). R. 69:107.

APPENDIX E.—HISTORIC TREES, ROCKS AND OTHER

OBJECTS.

MANHATTAN.

Two English Yews in front of the Low Memorial Library, Colum-
bia University, said to have been brought from England about 1800
and set out in St. John's Park; later removed to the Elgin Botanical
Garden at Fiftieth Street (R. 17) ; removed to the Bloomingdale
Asylum grounds and replanted at their present site in 1897.

The Wistaria vines frequently seen in Greenwich (R. 8) are said
to be descendants of those in Dr. Hosack's Arboretum in the Elgin
Garden.

A stunted English oak on the northwest side of the Mall, in Cen-
tral Park, was placed here by the Prince of Wales (now Edward
VH) while here in i860.

A number of trees remain in East River Park imported from
China and Japan by Thomas Hogg (R. 20) ; some have been removed
to Central Park, among them the Japanese elm near the gate at
Fifth Avenue and Seventy-second Street.

Some of the trees in Washington Square are survivors of those set
out when this was a Parade (R. 10).

A double row of trees in Madison Square formerly lined the eastern
branch of the Post Road (R. 15).

In the churchyards of Trinity, St. Paul's and St. Mark's Churches
are trees dating back to the first part of the last century.

Many old trees remain in Union and Stuyvesant Squares and in
Gramercy Park.

The Sparrows' Lodging House on the north side of East One Hun-
dred and Twenty-fifth Street, near First Avenue (old Harlem Lane),
seems to be a favorite haunt of these birds.

The giant tulip at Cold Spring (R. 28) is considerably over one
hundred years old. There remains some of the primeval forest near
by at the northern end of Manhattan on the hill overlooking the
Hudsoa

Manhattan HISTORICAL GUIDE The Bronx

Trees That Have Disappeared.

The Stuyvesant Pear Tree, once at the corner of Thirteenth Street
and Third Avenue, now commemorated by a tablet (R. ii). Portions
of this famous tree are preserved in the Governor's Room, City Hall,
Police Headquarters and in the New York Historical Society Build-
ing. A descendant of the original tree from a graft obtained by
Jesse Ryder about i860 may be seen on the Ryder farm near Ossining.

The Van Beuren Tree stood until recently in front of the Van
Beuren Mansion on the horith side of Fourteenth Street (R. 14).

The Varian Tree used to stand on Broadway between Twenty-sixth
and Twenty-seventh Streets.

The Thirteen Trees (sweet gum or liquid amber) brought from
Mt. Vernon, Va., by Hamilton about 1802 remained on Convent Ave-
nue and One Hundred and Forty-third Street until all died and were
finally removed in 1908 (R. 23).

The " grand old elm " (variously located by different writers, but
probably at Striker's Bay, near the Hudson at Ninety-sixth Street),
which inspired George P. Morris to write the lines beginning " Wood-
man, spare that tree," was cut down only recently (R. 18).

It is related that a favorite tree on the farm of Hendrick Brevoort
prevented the cutting through of Eleventh Street between Broadway
and Fourth Avenue. (R. 14).

THE BRONX

The Cowboy Oak at the end of Two Hundred and Thirty-seventh
Street, west of the Spuyten Duyvil Parkway, is alleged to have
been the scene of hangings during the Revolution (R. 29).

The Washington Chestnut on Valentine Lane, now partially de-
stroyed, is said to have been used by Washington as a place of conceal-
ment (R. 29).

The Delancey Pine still remains in Bronx Park (R. 34a).

The Howe Chestnut under which the British general is said to
have lunched, still stands near the Pell Mansion (R. 34).

The Spy Oak of Revolutionary lore is near Westchester (R. 33a).

The Pell Treaty Oak, now nearly destroyed, is near the Bartow
Mansion (R, 34).

HISTORIC TREES AND ROCKS

Hemlock Grove in the Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, is the oldest
forest of native hemlocks in this part of the State (R. ^2).

The Stenton Willow near Fordham Square is nearly 300 years old
(R. 24).

Two cypresses, said to be the largest in the country, are at the foot
of Cypress Avenue on what was once the Gouverneur Morris
estate.

BROOKLYN.

" Amusketahole" a white oak marking the boundary line between
Flatlands and Flatbush; on Avenue G, near Flatlands Neck Road.
R. 40.

QUEENS.

The Maurice Woods, east of Maspeth, was the only extensive wood-
land of Newtown to escape the ravages of the British when quartered
in this part of Long Island.

The forest once covering what is now Forest Park and Cypress
Hills Cemetery, was reserved as hunting grounds for the Indians in
their deed to Middelburg (R. 50).

The site of Fox Oaks in Flushing is marked by a tablet (R. 51).

NOTED ROCKS AND CAVES.
MANHATTAN.

The Capske Rocks near Whitehall Ferry, now under made land
and revealed when the South Ferry Subway Station was constructed.
R. I.

The Smuggler's Cave was near the East River shore about Seven-
tieth Street. R. 20.

Marco Bozzaris Rock just north of Washington's Headquarters on
West One Hundred and Sixty-second Street, where it is said Fitz-
Greene Halleck conlposed his famous poem. R. 23.

Point of Rocks about One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Street and
Convent Avenue (now largely cut away for street improvements), an
outlook for Washington's sentinels in 1776. R. 19.

Indian Rock Shelter at Cold Spring, within which many remains of
Indians have recently been discovered. R. 28b.

The Death Gap Rocks, Fort Washington, Bennett Avenue (QnQ
Hundred and Eighty-iouTih. Street), west q1 ^\o^?5i>^.v^. ^^ 'J-V

405

The Bronx HISTORICAL GUIDE Historic Objects

THE BRONX.

Glacial Boulder in front of the Division Engineer's Ofiice near the
High Pressure Pumping-station of Jerome Park Reservoir. R. 30a.

Rocking Stone, south end of Bronx Park. R. 32.

Glover's Rock, near Bartow, on scene of the Battle of Pell's Point.
R. 34.

Split Rock, near the home of Ann Hutchinson, not far from Pelham
Manor. R. 34.

Pudding Rock, until recently on Boston Road and One Hundred
and Sixty-sixth Street. R. 32.

Setor^ Cave and the Indian Hiding Place near Eastchester. R.
34a.

The Devil's Stepping Stones jutting out in the Sound. R. 34.

Rocks m East River at Hell Gate. R. 20.

Diamond Reef in the Narrows. R. 42.

HISTORIC OBJECTS.

Revolutionary Cannon: (i) at Broadway and Exchange (Tin Pot)
Alley, R. i. (2) at Pearl Street opposite Cedar Street, R. 7. (3)
at Peck Slip and Water Street, R. 7.

Dutch Millstones at the rear of 18 South William Street, R. 3.

Millstones and Sundial in Van Cortlandt Park, R. 29.

Dutch Millstone in sidewalk opposite 437 Jackson Avenue near
North Plaza of Queensboro Bridge, Long Island City; from Brou-
chard grist mill formerly on Dutch Kills Creek, brought from Hol-
land about 1657.

Old Church Bells: (i) in the churchyard of the Marble Collegiate
Dutch Reformed Church, Twenty-ninth Street and Fifth Avenue, R.
15. (2) in the steeple of the Fifth Avenue Dutch Reformed Church
at Forty-eighth Street, R. 17. (3) in the Dutch Reformed Church at
One Hundred and Twenty-first Street near Third Avenue, R. 22. (4)
in St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church at Ridge and Grand Streets,
R. 13

Doliola, sun dial and marble seat from Italy in Grace Churchyard
on Broadway and Tenth Street, R. 14.
y^^w/^^/'/a// Columns at the entrance to Delmonico's at Beaver an(l
.Soift/7 WJWam Streets, R. 3.

<^^^o/>a/ra's Ncedh in Central Park.

^06

INDEX

Abbey, the, 167
Abingdon road, X15

square, 73
Academy of Music, 109
Alburtis house, 288
Allen, Ethan, 54
Allerton, Isaac, site of his warehouse,

All Saints' church, 99

Ambleside, 198

American Museum of Natural His-
tory, ISO

Amity street, 8x

Anderson mansion, 187

Androvctte house, 350

Appellate court house iii

Apthorp mansion, site, 123

Aquarium, the, 33

Arbitration rock, 89

Arnhem Village, 274, 287

Arrochar, 338

Arthur, Chester A., home of, 112
statue of. III

Artillery Park, 133

Aspinwall house Flushing, 306

Assay Office, U. S., 28

Astor House, 59
library, 93

Astor Place Opera House, site, 93

Astoria, 275, 281

Methodist church, 283

Audubon, home of, 153
Park, 153

Austin house, 337

Baisley's mill pond, 313
Bank, Merchants', 28

of the Manhattan Company, 28

of New York, 28

street, 73
Baretto, Francis J., former home, site,

196
Baretto's Point, 196
Bark mill, 31
Bame-Tysen house, 334
Bamum's museum, site of, 57
Barracks, the, of 18 12, 73
Bartow mansion, 210
Battery, 33

flagstaff, 94

PUce^ JS

Bathgate avenue house, site, 199
Battle of Harlem Heights, 129

Harlem Heights, tablet, 125

Long Island, 225

Pell's Point, 309

Pass tablet, 245
Bayard farm, 95

Bayard, William, site of house, 73
Beadell homestead, site, 232
Bear market, 60

swamp, 213
Beaver pond, site, 310

street, 31
Bedell house, site, 345
Bedford street Methodist church, 76
Bedloe's Island, 35
Beecher, Henry Ward, statue of, 242
Beekman Hill, 133

house, 133

Place, ^33
Belden mansion, 209
Bellevue Hospital, 113
Belmont hall, site, 328
Benham mansion^ site, 345
Bennett homestead, 251

homestead, Greenpoint, 231

house, 164
Bennett- Schcrmerhorn house, site,

257
Benson house, 260
Bentley Manor, 349
Bergen homestead, 249
Jamaica, 313

house, 262

J C, site of house, 248
Berrian burying ground, 182

Cornelius, farm house of, 285

farm house, 185
Berrien's Lane, 285
"Beth Haim," 108, 112
Betts homestead site, Maspeth, 288
Billopp house, 349
Birdsall house, 247
"Black Cat," The, 80
Black Horse tavern, site, 167, 341
Black swamp, 199
Blackwell mansion, 283

stone homestead, 283
Blackwell's Island, 136, 281
Blake-Miller house^ 334
B\az\ns ^XaLi, ^vi

4Q7

INDEX

Block-house, Fluihing, 304

No. I, 1^6; No. III. 126
Blommaert's Vly, 31
Bloom, Col. Bernardus, farm house

of^ 300
Bloomfield, Daniel, site of home of,

297
Bloomingdale, 9, 121

Asylum, 125

Dutch Reformed Church, 123

road, 8

square, 124
Blue Bell tavern, site, 161
Bodine's Inn, site, 333
Bogardus, Dominie, tablet on site of

house, 20
Booth's theatre, site 112
Borough Hall, Brooklyn, 242
Botanical Gardens. 201; 400

museum, 201; 400
Bouwerie Lane, 7
Bouwerie Village, 89
Bowery Bay, 279
road, 85
school house, site, 279

the, 95

theatre, 97
Bowling Green, 17
Bowne homestead. Flushing, 306

house, 207

W. residence of, 309
Bradford, William, 30
Bradley farm house, site, 154
Brannon Garden, 76
Brettoniere house, 302
Brevoort house, 134
Brick Presbyterian church, X17

church, site of, 57
Bridewell, the, 54
Bridge of Sighs, 98
Brightside, home Col. R. M. Hoe,

site, 198
British battery. Flushing, site of, 304

camp, Dutch Kills road, site, 291

camps, site, 170, 171, 300* 302, 344

earthworks, 155

headquarters, 324, 341

redoubt, 1 54
Britton house, site, 341

mill* 330
Broad Street, 6
Broadway, 5
Broderick House, 75
Bronck, Jonas, site of home, 195
Bronx, oldest house, 204

Park, joi
river, joj
'onxdale, at 3
^klyn, early settlements, 22$

Brooklyn Heights, 241

Institute of Arts and Sciences, 24
Brower's mill, site, 257
Bryant Park 117

William (Mullen, home of, 107
Buckhorn tavern, site, 112
Bull's Head tavern, site, 97, 333
Burger's sluice, 277
Burns' Coffee House, 15
Burr, Aaron, death place, 330
former residence, 62
law office of, 61
Burroughs farm house, 294

house, Newtown, 300
Bushwick, 232

churchyard, 232
Bust of Alexander Hamilton, 124

Alexander T. Holley, 80

Edgar Allan Poe, 201

Peter Turner, 242

Washington Irving, 117
Butler's hotel, site, 333

Calamus road, 288, 302
Calvary cemetery, 295
Camp Hill, 341
Canarsie Lane, 251
Cannon Point, 133
Carey Sisters, home of, no
Carll's mill, 294
Carrigan house, 125
Casanova mansion, site, 196
Casseltowne, manor of, 329
Case's crew, 288
Castle Bogardus, 281

Garden, 33

Hill, 203

Stevens, 281

William, 35
Castleton hotel, 327
Cathedral of St. John the Divine, 12
Cuyler homestead, Greenpoint, 231
Cedar Grove cemetery, 308

Point, 165
Cemetery, N. Y. City Marble, 92

N. Y. Marble, 92
Central Park, 119
" Century " house, site, 170
Chamber of Commerce, 61
Chapel of St. Cornelius, 35
Chatham Garden, 65

square, 97
Cherry Hill. 64

Lane, 196

street, 64
Chelsea, 1 1 5

square, 116
Children's Museum, Brooklyn, 245
ChristopVieT \iom«&X««4, ^^3

INDEX

Christopher street square, 82
Church du St. Esprit, 113

of St. Nicholas 19

of the Holy Nativity, 191

of the Sea and Land, 97

of the Transfiguration, 98, 113
Churchyard at New Utrecht, 259
City Hall, 53-4

Colonial, 26

Island, 209
Claremont, the, 127
Clason's Point, 203
Cleopatra's Needle, 120
Clermont Terrace, 298
Clinch homestead, 339
Clinton, DeWitt, house, 287
statue of, 61

Gov., statue, 21

Hall, 93

first, site of, 57
Cobweb Hall, 98
Cock hill, 172
Coe farm housc^ 294
Coenties Alley, 30

Slip, 30
Coe's mill, 294
Coffee House, Burns', 15
Merchants', 29
Tontine, 29
Cold spring, the, 172
Colden, Gov. Cadwallader, estate of,

308
Cole house, 342
Coleman's Point, 329
Collect pond, 78, 95
College Point, 275

of the City of New York, 151
Collegiate Dutch Reformed church,
119

School, 122
Collins house, 211
Colonial burying ground, 170

city hall, 26

Hall, Jamaica, 312
Colonnade Row, 93
Columbia College, 59

former sites, 119; 59

heights, 241

library, 125
Columbus Column, 119
Coney Island, 261
Conkling, Roscoe, statue of, 11 1
Conselyea house, site, 234
Cooper Glue factory, site, 333

houses, Bushwick, 232

Park, 232

Peter, 233

statue of, 93

Union, 93

Corbin, Margaret, tablet, 161
Corlaer's Hook Piark, 99
Corner House, Newtown, 301
Corona, 293

avenue, 294
Corpus Christi monastery, 196
Corsen-Ives house, 333
Corson house, site, 334
Cortelyou house, 345

Simon, house, site, 258
Cortelyou-Vanderveer house, site, 248
Cortlandt's, Upper, 185
County Court House, 55
Court House, Jamaica, site, 312
Couwenhoven house, 260
Cowboy oak, 185
Cox, Samuel S., statue of, 93
Cox's tavern, 181
Crocheron house, 334
Cromwell farfn house, 187

house, 201
Crowther homestead, 213
Cross Keyes tavern, site, 153
Cruger mansion, 107
Cubberly house, 342
Cuckoldstowne, 343

Inn, site, 344
Cumberson house Woodside, 292
Curtis, George William, house of, 329

high school, 327
Custom House, 19
(old), 29

Banner's hotel, 330
Day's tavern, site, 126
Death Gap, 161
Debevoise homestead, 234

Peter, house of, 288
Decker house, 330 ,

DeHart house, 331
DeHart-Bergen house, site, 257
DeGroot house, 329
Delancy street, 95

blockhouse, site, 213

house, site of, 60

pine, 213
Demilt avenue, 193
Delmonico building, 32
Denton's mill, site, 257
Denyse's ferry, 258
De Peyster, Abraham, statue of, 17

house, 62
De Sille house, site, 259
De Voor farm house, 134
Devoe house, Bushwick, 232
DeWitt Clinton High School, 122
houst, 2%T

. 409

INDEX

Dircksen Volckert, former home of. Exchange Alley, 23

231
Ditmars, A. D., house of» 284

farm house, Jamaica, 313
Ditmas, Henry S., house, 348

John, house, 248
Dolan's restaurant, 57
Dominie's Hook, 277
Dongan Hills, 33$

house, site, 329

plantation, 308
Doughty, Rev. Francis, site of house,

280
Dow Suydam farm house, site, 296
Drake, Joseph Rodman, grave of, 196
Drovers Inn, site, 212
Dubois house, 330
Duke's woods, Jamaica, site, 311
Duryea farm house, site. Flushing,
308

homestead, 292

house, 254
Dutch church, Jamaica, 311

Kills, 275

Lane, Newtown, 299

Reformed church, 147
New Utrecht, 259
Newtown, 299
Port Richmond, 330
Dyckman dwelling, 172

house, site, 170

Early road. Flushing, 304

settlement of Brooklyn, 225

Coney Island, 261

Flatlands, 249

Flushing, 304

Gravesend, 261

Greenpoint, 229

New Utrecht, 259
■• Newtown, 297

North Beach, 279

Queens Borough, 274

Staten Island, 324
East New York, 255
Eastchester village, 214
Edgar street, 22
Egertville Academy, 343
Elgin Botanical Garden, 119
Ellis Island, 35
Elm Tree beacon, 342
F21mhurst, 297
Emans house, 26
Emerson Hill, 339

Ralph Waldo, former home of, 339
Erasmus Hall High School, 247
£'r/cssofi, John, former home, 78
statue of, jj
^ssex market, gg

Farmer's bridge, 169
Farragut, Admiral, statue of, xix
Fashion race course site of 293
Featherbed Lane, 187, 288
Ferris house (original), 205

mansion, 204-5

Point, 204
Field, Jacob, site of house of, 303
Fifth Avenue Hotel, site, xxa
Fire tower, 147

First building of the Board of Educa-
tion, 99

city hall, tablet, 19

church building in Newtown, 301

dwellings. Flushing, 304

Dutch church, 20

elevated railroad, 59

free school building, site, 55

houses in Manhattan, tablet, ax

Huguenot church, tablet on site, ax

landing place. Flushing, 304

meeting house, Jamaica, site, 311

Merchants' exchange, 30

newspaper office, tablet, 30

N. Y. State Prison, site, 75

Presbyterian church, 26
(old), 108

printing press, tablet, 30
Fish, Hamilton, birthplace, 89
Fish's mill, 280

store. Flushing road, 292

tavern, Newtown, 301
Five Points, the, 98
Fitzroy road, 73
Flatbush, 247

Dutch Reformed church, 347
Flatlands church, 249

•Neck, 251

Reformed church, 351

village, 263
Flushing, 274, 304

Fly brook, 283

Institute, 307

Market, 62

old roads of, 304

road, 297

the' block house, 304

town pond, 304
Font Hill, former home Edwin For-
rest, 184
Fordham, 199

Lane, 212

University, 201
Fordham's oldest house, 199
Forrest, Edwin, former home, 184
Forsyth Street "M.et\iodist church, 97

410

INDEX

Fort Amsterdam, 3, 19

Clinton, 146, 155

Columbus, 35

Diamond, 258

Decker, 330

Fish, 146

Gansevoort, 73

George, 155

monument, 19

Greene Park, 243

Hamilton, 258
(old), 309

Hill, 3«7

Horn, 126

Jay, 35

Knyphausen, 164

Lafayette, 258

Nos. I, 2 and 3, sites, 185; 4, 5,
190; 7> 8, 189

Prince Charles, 169

Putnam, 243

Schuyler, 204 ■

Tompkins, 338

Tryon, 167

Wadsworth, 338

Washington, 161, 164
Point, 165
Fountain house, site, 329, 341
Fowler mansion, 214
Fox Comers, 197

George, mansion, 196

Oaks, Flushing, 306
Foxhurst mansion, 197
Francis mansion, 187
Frankfort street, 57
Franklin, Walter, tablet on site of
hmne, 64
Benjamin, statues of, 57
Fraunccs tavern, 30, 41-7
Freek't mill, site, 257
French Academy, 154

Qntrch da St. Esprit, site, 61
Frah Kills, 345

Meadow road. Flushing, 304
tracts 308
Frienda* Meeting House, site, 61
Fnltoii. Mnnt, place of his death, 15

Fulton Memorial Tablet, 25
Fannan house, 287

Jndgta^ house of, 295
Funan't Island, 287
FunBUWV01e road, 295
FuroiH hooK, 123

WnUUB P., house of, 123

uiserobti' market, 73
rflttldi Jboose^ 337
ttmtue of, 80

Garretson, 339

house, Flushing, 307
site, 349
Cicorge III., statue of, 17
(leorgi house, site, 212
General Theological Seminary, 116
Gerritsen tide mill, 250
Ghetto, the, 99
Glover's Rock, 209
Golden Hill Inn, 62

site of fight of, tablet, 63
Gouverneur Morris mansion, site, 195
Government House, 19
Governor's Garden, 57

Island, 34
Gowanus canal, 257

. Creek, 257
Grace churchyard, 109
Court spring, 241
Episcopal Church, 32
Brooklyn, 241
Jamaica, 312
Gracie house, 135
Gramercy Park, no
Grant's tomb, 126
"Grape-vine," the, 108
Grave of A. T. Stewart, 89
Gravesend, 261

town cemetery, 262
Great fire of 1835, tablet, 30
Greeley, Horace, home of, no
statue of, 57
summer home of, 133
Greenpoint, 229
Greenport, 275
Greenwich avenue, 73
street, 8, 15
Village, 8, 71
Greenwood cemetery, 257

house, Jamaica, 313
Groshon house, 214
Grote house, 343
Grove street, 75
school, 75
Guion Inn, site, 2x4.
Gutenberg, statue of, 99
Guyon-Clarke house, 342

Hadley house, 184

Hale, Nathan, statue of, 54

Ilall of Records, 55

Ilallett burying ground, site, '283

family, 281

house, 281

James, site of house of, 283

John, site of farm house of, 278

Samuel, farm house^ 278

411

INDEX

Hallett*s cove, 281

Lane, 283

Point, 281
Hamilton, Alexander, bust of, 124
country seat, 1 5 1
house where he died, 73
law office of, 28
statue of, 61

Fish Park, 92

Grange, 151

Hall, Flushing, 305
Hammer hotel, site, 212
Hammond house, 205
Hanovdt" square, 30
Harlem Heights, Battle of, 129
Hart's Island, 210
Hastings, town of, 275
Havemeyer estate, 205
Havens house, 191
Hays house, 167
Hazard homestead, 29
Heemstede, 2y 5
Hell Gate, 136, 281

Bay, 147
Hemlock grove, 201
Hempstead, 274

swamp, 296
Henricus Agricola, 279
Hermitage, the, 191
Hessian spring, site of, 164
Hessians Springs, 327
High Bridge, 154
Hicks- Piatt house, 262
Hicksville, 275

Hoe, Col. R. M., site former home,
Brightside, 198

Peter, former home, Sunnyside,
196
Hoffman Boulevard, 302
Hoffman's Island, 347
Holland's ferry, site, 171

Hook, 331
Holley, Alexander T., bust of, 80
Holy Spring house, 345
Holy rood Protestant Episcopal church,

161
Home of Bayard Taylor, 109

Capt. Kidd, 30

Chester A. Arthur, 112

Daniel Webster, 17

Edwin Forrest, 116

Horace Greeley, 110

John Morton, 19
the Cary Sisters, 110
^ William Cullen Bryant, J07
^oper, Valless, house site, 135
^ Hook, 7J5

^rook, Newtown, 300

Horticultural Hall, 201
Horton homestead, 209
Hotel Astor, 120

Gruetli, 22

Raleigh, 100

Washington, 1 5
House by the Mill, 345

of Andrew Carrigan, 125

Gov. Stuyvesiant, 20

Refuge, old, site of, 113

Samuel J. Tilden, 110

Washington Irving, 109

where James Monroe died,. 100
Housman house, site, 331
Howard farm house, Newtown, 300
Howard's Half-way house, site, 255
Howe, Sir William, headquarters, 302
Hudson Park, 76
Hunt burying ground, 196

house, 212

Inn, site, 197

Jonathan, farm bouse of, 302

mansion, 197
Hunter-Iselin mansion, 210
Hunter's Island, 210

Point, 275, 277
Huntington, C. P., former summer

home, 205
Hunt's Point, 197, 203
Hustace house, 191

Hutchinson, Ann, site of early home,
211

river bridge, 211
Hyatt's tavern, site, 169

Indian burying ground, 209, 331, 347
fortifications, 214
rock dwelling, 172
trail, 147
village site, 213
Iron Hill, 339

Irving, Washington, bust of, 117
I'ome of, 109
former home, 62

Jack-Knife, the, 62

Jackson avenue. Hunter's Point, 291

iiian<:ion, 291
Jackson's mill-pond, 280
Jacques house, 330
Jacobsen house, 342
Jamaica, 274, 310

town burial ground, 310
Jay, John, statue of, 61
Jefferson market, 82

Thomas, site of N. Y. home, 61
Jeffrey's HooVc, \^«>
Jennings Yvomcs^eaid, s\\t, a\»
Jessup boMse, s\^e, 19^

INDEX

Jews* Burial Ground, $y
John Street M. E. church, 62

theatre, site, 62
Johnson's tavern, site, 213
Joncker's Island, 293
Jones* Wood, site, 134
Jumel mansion, 153, 156-9

Kalch Hock, 78

Kennedy house, the, 15

Kidd, Capt., site of home, 30

Kieft's tavern, 30

King mansion, Jamaica, 31a

Park, 312
King's Arms tavern, 15

bridge, 168

College, 59
Kingsbridge, 181

road, "9
Kip's Bay, 133

mill, 280
Knickerbocker Cottage, 114
Kouwenhoven farm house, 279

house, Steinway, 285
Krcishervillc, 349
Kreuzer-Pelton house, 328

Labon's Inn, site, 243
Lafayette Lane, 196

statue of, 107; portrait, 53
La Grange Terrace, 93
Lake-Croak house, 331
Lake house, 262

Tyscn house, 342
Land poort (gate), 26
Latourette house, site, 344
Laura Keene's theatre, site, 106
Laurel Hill, 155
Lawrence farm house, 309

homestead site, Flushing, 304

bouse, 184, 308

Jonathan, former home of, 284

Lane, 283

Neck road. Flushing, 304
LefFferts homestead, 247
Leggett burying ground, 196
Leggett*s Lane, 196
Lent farm house. Corona, 293
Lewis, Francis, tablet to memory of,

307
Libby Castle, 167
Liberty pole. New Utrecht, 260

tablet, 54
Limerick, Earl of, plantation of, 308
Lincoln, statue of, 107
Linnsean Botanic Garden, 304
Linoleumville, 334
Little Church Around the Corner, 113

Commons, Newtown, 2gg

Little Kell Gate, 137

Mill Rock, 281
Livingston sugar house, 61
Lodowick's brook, 279
London terrace, 1 1 6
Long Island, battle of, 225

City, incorporation, 275
Historical Society, 242
Neck, 333
Lord Howe Chestnut, 211
Lorillard falls, 201

Jacob, house, 199

Mansion Museum, 201

snuff mill, 202
Lott^ house, 249
Love Lane, 115
Lovejoy's Hotel, site of, 57
Lubbert's swamp, 278
Ludlow house, Newtown, 300

street jail, 99
Lutheran church, 23
Lydig's mills, 213

McComb mansion, 21
McGown's Pass Tavern, 145
McKinley Square, 21
Macdonald, John, private insane asy-
lum, 307
Macedonia Hotel, 210
Macomb mansion, 181
Madison Square, iii

Garden, 1 1 1
Maiden Lane, 7, 61
Manhattan .Water Tank, the, 98
Manhattanville, 127
Manor house, Bushwick, 234
Marble Arch, the, 169

Hill, 168

Collegiate Reformed church, 114
Mariners' Temple, 97
Market, Bear, 60

Washington, 60

West Washington, 60
Marketfield street, 2 1
Marshall mansion, 209
Martyr's tomb, 243
]^aryland monument, 246
Maspeth, 287
Maurice Woods 288
Meal Market, 29
Merchant's bank, 28

Coffee House, 29
Mersereau house, 332

Valley, 339
Meserole family, 229

homestead, 231
Mespalk\\\» 27 ^
MetTopoVitan l^>3Atwm oV Nxx., "^"^-^

413

INDEX

Metropolitan Opera House, first

site, 100
Middleburg, 274
Middle Dutch church, 91
site, 6x

Village, 295
Midwout, 347
Mile-stone, first, 97; 371 et seq

second, 91

fourth, 133

fifth, 133

ninth, 151

tenth, 212

eleventh, 161

twelfth, 169

fifteenth, 184, 213-
Mill brook, 21

creek, 147

camp, the, 147

lane, 31, 214

rock, 136
Milligan Place, 108
Minetta street, 81; lane, 81
Minniesland, home of Audubon,

153
Mitchell house. Flushing, 306
Monroe, James, death place, 100
Montague's creek, 147

Point, 147
Monument, Fort George, 19

in memory of Baron Steuben, 135
Monuments of Greenwood cemetery,

257
Moore farm house, site, 291

house, 161, 278, 297

Samuel, former home of, 297
Moravian cemetery, 339
Morgan residence, site, 214
Morningside heights, 125
Morosini mansion, 184
Morris farmhouse, 199

^ Gouverneur, mansion, site, 195
^igh School, 195

r.ewis,. .site of home, 195

Roger, mansion, 153

Wm. H., ifitti^on, 199
Morrisania, 199 "'*-v
Morrisania's oldest hot^fe^ 199
Morse, S. F. B., tablet aru site of

home, 112
Morton, Gen., former home, 76

John, home of, 19
Mott homestead, 121

mansion, 195

Memorial Dutch Reformed church,

195
Mount Morris Park, 147
Afr. Napoleon (Stereos bouse), 281
■Aft. Tompkins, jjg *
-Aft. 2ion cemetery, s88

Mouquin*s restaurant, 114
Mulberry Bend Park, 98
Murray Hill, 117, 309

homestead, 309

house, site of, 117
Museum of the Hispanic Society of
America, 1 53

of the Numismatic Society, 153

Narrow Passage, the, 291

Narrows, the, 258

Nautilus Hall, site, 335

Navy Yard, 235, 243-4

Neck Road, 262

Negro burying ground, Newtown, 299

site, 170
Neville house, 328
New Blazing Star, 334
Dorp, 339
Lots, 253

churchyard, 204
Dutch Reformed church, 253

old school, 254
Springville, 333
street, 21
Utrecht, 259

old school house, site, 260
Newton Hotel, Elmhurst, 299

spring, 292
New York City Marble cemetery, 92
Marble cemetery, 92
Public Library, 117
Society Library, 109
University bridge, 170
University building (old), 80
Newtown, 274

and Bushwick turnpike, 288

avenue, 294

Baptist church, site, 302

churches, 299

first church building, site, 301

Hotel, site, 300

old colonial house, 300

old town watering place, 300

Parsonage, farm house, 303

Presbyterian church, 302

Quaker Meetinghouse, site, 303

site of Gen. Robertson's (British)

camp, 300
old hotel 300
old Town House, 299
the " Corner House," 301
town burying ground, 300
halls, 300
spring, 300
village, 297
Niblo's Garden and Theatre, site, too
Nieuw Amersfoot, 249

Haarlem, 147
Nolan bouse, a\tt, ^^7

AlA

INDEX

Nolan's Hotel, 199
North Beach, 279

Brother Island, 203
commonfield, Newtown, 299
Dutch church, site, 63
Fort, 79
Northern i:)ispensary, 82
Nostrand house, 259
Nottston, 2y7
Nutter's Battery, 146

Oak villa, site, 123
Oakley house site, 347
Odell's barns, 214
Odellville, 133
Ogden mansion, 211
Old Bowery road, 278

Brook school-house, site, 288
school road, 288

City Island bridge, 209

Flushing road, 289

Mill, 253

village, 253
Newtown town burying ground, 300
Place mill, site, 331
Roads of Flushing, 304
" Swamp," tablet commemorating,

Stone Gate house, 199
Jug, 212

Tabernacle, site, 349

Tom's chop house, 60

Westchester ferry, 309

Windmill, Jamaica, site, 313

Wreck Brook, 65
Oliver Street Baptist church, site, 97
Oude Dorp, 325
Out Plantations, the, 274
Oyster Island, 35

market, tz
Paine, Thomas, site of old home, 81
Paisley Place, 107
Parade ground, the, 182
Paradise Park, 98
Park avenue tunnel, 117

theatre, site of, 57
Parsonage farm house, Newtown, 303
Patten house, site, 341
Patti, Adelina, former home, 193
Paul house, 205
Pavilion Ilill 335

hotel, 327
Paynter house, 277
Pearl street, 20, 30, 31
Peck house, 253
Pell family burying ground 210

house, 211

manor house, site, 210

mansion, 211

treaty oak, 2 10

Penfield homestead, 193
Pero-Christopher house, 333
Perrine homestead, 339
Peter Cooper tenements, 233
Petticoat Lane, 21
Piewoman's Lane, 26
Pitt, William, statue of, 28
Planters' hotel, 335
Plymouth church, 241
Poe cottage, 123, 201

Edgar Allen, former home, 201

Park, 201
Point of Rocks, 126
Poor Bowery, the, 279
Port Morris, 196, 203

Richmond, 330
Porter, Gen. Josiah statue of -82
Post house, 331
Post office, 54
Post's tavern, site, 165
Pot Cove, 281
Potter's field, 210

Praa, Peter, house at Greenpoint, 231
Prime house, 135
Presbyterian church, Astoria, 283
Jamaica, 312
Newtown, 302
Prince mansion. Flushing, 305
Prince's Nursery, 304
Progress Hall, 330
Prospect Hill avenue, 211

Park, 245
Pudding Rock, 212
Purdy farm house, 291

mansion, 213
Purdy 's hotel, 350

Quaker meetinghouse. Flushing, 305

Newtown, site, 303
Quarantine ferry landing, 227
Queensboro bridge, 227
Queen's Farm, 8

Head tavern, 287
Quiet Dale, 147

Randall's Island, 137

Rapalye, Abraham, farm house, 280

house, 254

house, BQiiMfi|L.^ay, 279

house, ^^dside, 292

mill, 294T

Peter, hoiife pf, 285
Rattlesnake m^o^i 2^14

spring, 29^ "■* -,^
Ravenswood, 2oii
Reason street, 81

Reeder, Joseph, site 9I house of, New-
town, 300
Reformed I>\xVd||r OQ>wOek* lSa5S«!^^
Cove, 2^N

415

INDEX

Reformed Dutch church of Bush-
wick, 232
Reid's mill, 214

miller's house, 214
Remien farm house, 296

house, site, 241
Renne, Samuel, house of, Newtown,

302
Revolutionary cannon, 21, 62, 64

house at Williamsbridge, 191
Rhinelander sugar house, site, 65
Richardson house, site, 196
Richmond, 343

county court houses, 344

Hill mansion, site, 76

Terrace, 329

valley, 349
Ridge road to Dutch Kills, site of,

Ridgeway house, 334
Riker farm house, 291

homestead, 279
Roberts, homestead, 205
Robiason, Morris, tablet commemo-
rating, 29
Rocking stone, the, 202
Rocky Hill road, Flushing, 304
Roosevelt street, 65
Rose and Crown, house, site, 341

Hill Manor, 201
Rossville, 347
Rotunda, the, site of, 55
Rustdorp, 310
Kutger's mansion, site, 78
Ryder's Alley, 63

Lane, 250
Ryerson's Mill, 377

Sailor's Snug Harbor, 328
St. Alphonsus' church, 78

Andrew's church, Richmond, 343
Ann's Episcopal church, 195

Hall, Flushing, 307
Anthony's R. C. church, original,

231
Clement's church, 81
Cornelius, chapel of, 35
George, 327 •
George's building, 63
church, 91 •

Episcopal church, jAstoria, 283
Flushing, 307
James' church, Newtown, 299

Episcopal church, Newtown, 300
hotel. Port Richmond, 330
Pro-Cathedral, 242
Jiihn 's cemetery, 295
cemetery, site, y6

St. John's chapel, 78
College, 201
Lane, 78

Lutheran church, 81
New Utrecht, 259
Park, 78
Joseph's Academy, 307
Luke's chapel, 75
Mark's Hotel, 327
Mark's-in-the-Bowery, 89
Mary's R. C. church, 99
Michael's Episcopal church, 123
Ronan's Well, 293
Patrick's Cathedral, 119

R. C. church, 100
Paul's chapel, 58

church, Eastchester, 214
Peter's church, 59, 116
Westchester, 207
Rectory, Westchester, 207
Thomas, Hall, Flushing, 307
Samler house, 184
Sands Street church (old), 241
San ford Hall, Flushing, 307
Santa Anna, Gen., residence of, 330
Sappokanican, 8, 71
Schenck-Crooke house, 249
Schenck house, Canarsie, 254
Schermerhorn farm house, site, 134

mansion, 112
Schreyer's Hock, 20
Scott-Edwards house, 329
Scott, Winfield, mansion, 135
Screven's Point, 203
Seguine house, 345
Seguine's Point, 347
Seton cave, 214

falls, 214
Seward, Wm. H., statue of, 11 1
Shakespeare Tavern, site, 63
Shell road Newtown, 298
Sherman, W. T. Gen., statue of,

119
Sherman's creek, 171
*' Shoemaker's Pasture," 64
Shore Road Boulevard, 283
Shot tower, Youle's, site of, 134
Sign of the Goose, 73
Simonson house, site, 334
Sims, Dr. j. Marion, statue of, X17
Skillman house, site, 234
Skillman avenue, 277
Smith's Folly, 134
Smith's Island, 274, 287

Meadows, Newtown, 303
Snedeker home, 254

house, 253
SolditTS* and Sailors' Memorial

INDEX

Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument, 123
Somerindyke house, site, 122
South Brother Island, 203

Dutch church, site, 32
Spencer mansion, site, 81
Split Rock, 211
Spring Hill estate, 308

street church, 76
Springsteen homedtead, 295
Spy house, the, site, 212

oak, the, 205
Stadt HUys, 30
State Street, 19
Staten Island, 324-50

Association of Arts and Sci-
ences, 327
Statue of Abraham de Peyster, 17

Admiral Farragut, in

Alexander Hamilton, 61, 125

Benjamin Franklin, 57

Chester A. Arthur, 111

DeWitt Clinton, 61

Dr. J. Marion Sims, 117

Henry Hudson, 21

Henry Ward Beecher, 242

Horace Greeley, 57

Garibaldi, 80

Gen. Josiah Porter, 182

Gen. Sherman, 119

Gen. Wolfe, 21

George III, 17

Gov. Clinton, 21

Gutenberg, 57, 99

John Ericsson, 33

John Jay, 61

Lafayette, 107

Liberty, 35

Lincoln, 107

Nathan Hale, 54

Peter Cooper, 93

Peter Stuyvesant, 21

Roscoe Conkling, iii

Samuel S. Cox, 93

Washington, 26, 106, 227

William H. Seward, in

William Pitt, 28
Statues in Prospect Park, 246
Statues: Appendix B
Steinway, 285
Stenton residence, 201
Stepping Stones light, 210
Steuben, Baron, monument in mem-
ory of, 13s
Stevens house, 17

house (Mt. Napoleon), 281
Stewart, A. T., grave of, 89
Stillwell house, 262
Stock Exchange, 32
Stone street, zo

Stony Brook, 339, 341
Streets of early New York, 5
Strickland's tavern, 308
Striker, Gen. Garrit Hooper, site of
mansion of, 121

house, 248
Striker's Bay mansion, site, 123
Strong's causeway, 294
Stuyvesant, Got., house of, 20

Gov., tomb of, 89

Nicholas, former home, 89

Peter, statue, 21

residence (old), 91

square, 91
Stuyvesant's " Bouwerie H6use," 91
Sub-treasury, 26
Suicide slip, 78
Sun Building, 57
Sunnyside, former home Peter Hoe,

196
Sunset Lane, 165
Sunswick creek, 283
Suydam, Dow, site of homestead of,
296

house, site, 255 \

Suydam's mill, 283
Swan hotel, 329
Swinburne Island, 347
Sylvan Place, 147

Tablet, at Battle Pass, Valley Grove,
^45
commemorating assault on Fort
Washington, 152
Lafayette's visit to Grove St

School, 75
Liberty Pole, 54
meeting of Washington and

Putnam, 121
Morris Robinson, 29
N. Y. City defenlcs War of

1812, 126
old " Swamp," 64
prison ship martyrs, 243
death place of James . Monroe, 100
first excavation for subway, 54
Fox Oaks, Flushinfi^, 306
great fire of 1835* 3©
house of Dominie Bogardus, 20
in memory of Francis Lewis,
Flushing, 307
Margaret Corbin, 161
line of American intrenchments,
151
defense, battle of Long Island,
243
Marinus Willett, 32
marking third Hue o€ Amfttvcwx

4^7

INDEX

Tablet on Glover's rock, 209

Liberty pole. New Utrecht, 260

Middle Dutch church, 92

old battle ground, Woodlawn

heights, 183
Tower building, 21
site fight of Golden Hill, 63
site first Brooklyn district

school, 242

first city hall, 19

houses, 21

Hugruenot church, 21
newspaper office, 30
printing press, 30
home S. F. B. Morse, 112
home Walter Franklin, 64
Isaac Allerton's warehouse, 64
King's College, 59
of battle Harlem Heights, 125
Block House No. 3, 126
Booth's theatre, 112
de Lancey house, 60
Fort Washington, 164
Kieft's tavern, 30
Middle Dutch church, 61
Murray house, 117
old Register's office, 55
Peter Stuyvesant's pear tree, 91
Rhinelander sugar house, 65
Shakespeare's Tavern, 63
Vechten-Cortelyou house, 257
Oliver Street Baptist church, 97
veterans 9th Regt., 108
Washington, on Sub-treasury, 28
Washington's departure in 1783,

20
West street improvement, 75
Tablets : Appendix B
Tammany Hall, 109
Taylor, Bayard, home of, 109
Thalia theatre, the, 97
Thames street, 60
Theatre Alley, 57
Throgg's Neck, 203
Tin Pot Alley, 22
Tippett's mansion, 185
Tilden, Samuel J., house of, no
Titus, Content, site of ** new house "

of, 298
Titus' mill, 294
Todt Hill, 339
Tomb of Gov. D. T. Tompkins, 89

Gov. Stuyvesant, 89
Tombs, the, 98
Tompkins farm house, 295
Gov. D. T, tomb of, 89
Tont/ne building, 2g
Co/fee House, 2g
Gotten viJJc, J4g
Tower building, 21

Town burying ground, Jamaica, 310
cemetery, Bushwick, 234
dock, Maspeth, 287
Hall (fifth), Newtown, site, 300
(sixth), Newtown, 300
Williamsburg, site, 228
House of Middleburg, site, 299
(second), Newtown, site, 299
site, Bushwick, 232
(third), Newtown, 299
pond, Flushing, 304
spring, Newtown, 300

Woodside, 292
watering place. Corona, 294
Newtown, 298
Townsend, Henry, site of house, Ja-
maica, 313
Trains Meadow, 279
Trinity cemetery, 152
church, 23
churchyard, 25
Trotting Course Lane, 295
Tunissen's Neck, 33 1
Turner, Peter, bust of, 24
Turtle Bay, 133
Twain, Mark, former home, 184
Twelfth street school (old), 109
Twin Island, 211
Tyler house, 329

Underbill burying ground, 213

Covert farm house, 288
Union avenue, Newtown, 299

Hill academy, 312

Hotel, Newtown, 301

House, site, 112, 349

road, old, 107

square, 106

Theological Seminary, 126
United States Arsenal, site, in
Marine Hospital, 235
Hotel, site, 63
Upper Cortlandt's, 185

Valentine farm house, 201

farm house, site, 193
Vallence's bark mill, 302
Van Alst avenue, 283

house, site, 2yy
Beuren house, 107
Brunt house, 253, 259
Buren, Gen., home of, 335
Cleef house, 263
Cortlandt house, original site, 182

lakef 182

mansion, 181

grist mill, site, 182

gardener's cottage, 185

miller's house, 184
der DoncVc Vvouse, »\«i, \%»
den Hen\e\ maLtvaivotv, s\\t, \»^

INDEX

Van Duyn homestead, 296

Keulen's Hook, 149

Nuyse-Magaw homestead, 251

Pelt Academy, 330
house, 260
manor house, 260

Pelt Decker house, 331

Raust house, site, 234

Schaick mansion, 205

Sicklen house, 254
house, Jamaica, 313

Sinderen house, 254

Wicklen mill, 253

Wyck homestead, 249
house, 251
house, Jamaica, 312
Vanderbilt, Commodore, former home,
337

homestead, 247

Wm. H., former farm of, 342
Vanderveer homestead, 248

house, 254

mill, site, 248, 254
Varian, Isaac, homestead, 191
Vault Hill, 182
Vauxhall Garden, 93
Vechten-Cortelyou house, site and

tablet, 257
Vernon avenue, 277
Verlett's hill, 21

Verveelen's first ferry to Bronx, 149
Vincent-Halsey house, 214
Victor house, Newtown, 297
Vleigh brook, 283
Vlissingen, 275
Volckersten, Dirck, site of house of,

231
Voorhees house, 259
Voorhees-Sheppard house, 262
Vredeland, 207
Vr eel and house, site, 333

Wall Street, 5, 6, 26
Wallabout Bay, 244

market, 235
Walton House, site, 64
Ward house, 328
Ward's Island, 137, 281
Warren house, site, 73
Washington building,. 15

Hotel, 15

market, 60

memorial arch, 80

square, 80

statue of, 26, 106, 227
Washington's departure in 1783, tab-
let, 20

chestnut, 184

gun house, igj
headquarters, 153, 156-9

Washington's landing, site, 79
Washingtonville, 193
Water poort (gate), 26
Way farm house,, site, Newtown, 287
Webster, Daniel, home, 17
Weehawken duelling grounds, 124
Wesseirs brook, 279
West India Company, 20, 22, 31
stone shops, 20

Farms, 213

Presbyterian church, 213

house, 308

Riding of Yorkshire, 275

Washington market, 60
Westchester creek causeway, 207

village, 205, 207
White Hall, 20

Horse Inn, 21
Whitepot road, 295

school, 295
Whitestone, 275, 309

road, Flushing, 304
Wiman, Erastus, house of, 345
Winant house, 347
Wilkins homestead, ^03
Willett burying ground, 308

family tract, 308

Marinus, tablet, 32
Wm. H. Seward Park, 99
William street, 30
Williams house, Williamsbridge, site,

191
Williamsbridge, 191
Williamsburg, 22y
Williamson house, 262
Wiltsee house, Astoria, 284
Wolf pit, 334

Pit Hill farm, 309

swamp, 291
Wolfe, Gen., statue, 21
Wolf's Lane, 211
Wood Point road, 232
Woodard house, 289
Woodhull, Gen., death-place, 259
Woodlawn cemetery, 193
Woods of Arden house, 347
Woodside, 291

avenue, 291
Woolsey, Edward, site of house of,

284
Worth monument, I'li
Wright homestead, 308
WyckoflF farm house, Newtown, 289

house, 255

house, Steinway, 285

Yorkville, 133

Zbro>wsV\ ttvaiTvavoxv, \«i«i
Zerega*a "PoVoX ao\

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